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Thus the name-bearing type of a nominal species-group taxon is a specimen or a set of specimens (a holotype, lectotype, neotype or syntypes [Art ... Search: Login Article61 RecentChangesFindPageHelpContentsArticle61 ImmutablePageCommentsInfoAttachments MoreActions: RawText PrintView RenderasDocbook DeleteCache ------------------------ CheckSpelling LikePages LocalSiteMap ------------------------ RenamePage DeletePage ------------------------ SubscribeUser ------------------------ RemoveSpam Reverttothisrevision PackagePages SyncPages ------------------------ Load Save SlideShow Chapter13:TheTypeConceptinNomenclatureArticle61.PrincipleofTypification.61.1.StatementofthePrincipleofTypification.Eachnominaltaxoninthefamily,genusorspeciesgroupshasactuallyorpotentiallyaname-bearingtype.Thefixationofthename-bearingtypeofanominaltaxonprovidestheobjectivestandardofreferencefortheapplicationofthenameitbears.61.1.1.Nomatterhowtheboundariesofataxonomictaxonmayvaryintheopinionofzoologiststhevalidnameofsuchataxonisdetermined[Art.23.3]fromthename-bearingtype(s)consideredtobelongwithinthoseboundaries.61.1.2.Objectivityprovidedbytypificationiscontinuousthroughthehierarchyofnames.Itextendsinascendingorderfromthespeciesgrouptothefamilygroup.Thusthename-bearingtypeofanominalspecies-grouptaxonisaspecimenorasetofspecimens(aholotype,lectotype,neotypeorsyntypes[Art.72.1.2]),thatofanominalgenus-grouptaxonisanominalspeciesdefinedobjectivelybyitstype;thatofanominalfamily-grouptaxonisthenominalgenusonwhichitsnameisbased.61.1.3.Oncefixed,name-bearingtypesarestableandprovideobjectivecontinuityintheapplicationofnames.Thusthename-bearingtypeofanynominaltaxon,oncefixedinconformitywiththeprovisionsoftheCode,isnotsubjecttochangeexceptinthecaseofnominalgenus-grouptaxaasprovidedinArticle70.3.2,ofnominalspecies-grouptaxaasprovidedinArticles74and75,andbyuseoftheplenarypoweroftheCommission[Art.81].61.2.Name-bearingtypesofnominotypicaltaxa.Thename-bearingtypeofanominaltaxonisalsothename-bearingtypeofitsnominotypicaltaxon[Arts.37.1,44.1,47.1],andthefixationofaname-bearingtypeforoneconstitutesfixationfortheotheralso.61.2.1.Ifdifferentname-bearingtypesarefixedsimultaneouslyforanominaltaxonandforitsnominotypicaltaxon,thefixationforthetaxonathigherranktakesprecedence.61.2.2.Whenanominaltaxoninthefamilygroup,orthegenusgroup,orthespeciesgroupisraisedorloweredinrank,oritsnameisusedatmorethanoneranksimultaneously,thename-bearingtyperemainsthesame[Arts.36.2,43.1,46.2].61.3.Name-bearingtypesandsynonymy.61.3.1.Ifnominaltaxawithdifferentname-bearingtypesarereferredtoasingletaxonomictaxon,theirnamesaresubjectivesynonymsattherankofthattaxon(butneednotbesynonymsatasubordinaterank).Example.Thedifferentname-bearingtypesofPsittacuselegansGmelin,1788andPlatycercusflaveolusGould,1837areconsideredtobelongtoasingletaxonomicspeciesofrosellaparrotofwhichPlatycercuselegans(Gmelin,1788)isthevalidname.Althoughthenamesaresubjectivesynonymsattherankofspecies,theyarenotsynonymsatthesubordinaterankofsubspeciesofPlatycercuselegans,forwhichthevalidnamesarePl.e.elegans(Gmelin,1788)andPl.e.flaveolusGould,1837.61.3.2.Iftwoormoreobjectivelysynonymousgenericnameshavebeenusedasthebasisfornamesinthefamilygroup,thefamily-groupnamesareobjectivesynonyms.61.3.3.Iftwoormorenominalgenus-grouptaxahavethesametypespecies,ortypespecieswithdifferentnamesbutbasedonthesamename-bearingtype,theirnamesareobjectivesynonyms.61.3.4.Iftwoormorenominalspecies-grouptaxahavethesamename-bearingtype,theirnamesareobjectivesynonyms.61.4.Designationofasubgenusorsubspeciesasaname-bearingtype.Ifanominalsubgenusisfixedasthename-bearingtypeofanominalfamily-grouptaxon,itisdeemedtohavebeenraisedfirsttotherankofgenus.Ifanominalsubspeciesisfixedasthename-bearingtypeofanominalgenus-grouptaxon,itisdeemedtohavebeenraisedfirsttotherankofspecies.Example.PlanigaleTroughton,1928(Mammalia)wasestablishedwiththespeciesP.subtilissima(Lönnberg,1913),P.tenuirostrisTroughton,1928andP.ingrami(Thomas,1906)andthesubspeciesP.ingramibrunneaTroughton,1928.Intheoriginaldescription,thelatter"subspeciesofingrami"wasdesignatedthetypeofPlanigalebytheterm"Genotype".P.brunneaTroughton,1928isthetypespeciesbyoriginaldesignation,notP.ingrami(Thomas,1906).Preamble|Articles123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990|GlossaryAppendicesConstitution Addyourcomment Markup Article61(lastedited2009-04-2712:42:12bylocalhost) ImmutablePageCommentsInfoAttachments MoreActions: RawText PrintView RenderasDocbook DeleteCache ------------------------ CheckSpelling LikePages LocalSiteMap ------------------------ RenamePage DeletePage ------------------------ SubscribeUser ------------------------ RemoveSpam Reverttothisrevision PackagePages SyncPages ------------------------ Load Save SlideShow MoinMoinPoweredPythonPoweredGPLlicensedValidHTML4.01