At, on and in (time) - 當代英語文法 - 劍橋線上詞典 - Cambridge ...
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At, on and in (time) ... We use at: ... I'll see you at five o'clock. ... The helicopter took off at midday and headed for the island. ... What are you doing at the ...
At,onandin(time)
Grammar>Prepositionsandparticles>At,onandin(time)Weuseat:withparticularpointsontheclock:I’llseeyouatfiveo’clock.withparticularpointsintheday:Thehelicoptertookoffatmiddayandheadedfortheisland.withparticularpointsintheweek:Whatareyoudoingattheweekend?withspecialcelebrations:AttheNewYear,millionsofpeopletravelhometobewiththeirfamilies(butwesayonyourbirthday).Wedon’tuseatwiththequestionWhattime…?ininformalsituations:Whattimeareyouleaving?(preferredtoAtwhattimeareyouleaving?)Weuseon:withdates:Wemovedintothishouseon25October1987.withasingulardayoftheweektorefertooneoccasion:I’vegottogotoLondononFriday.withapluraldayoftheweektorefertorepeatedevents:TheofficeisclosedonFridays.(everyFriday)Ininformalsituations,weoftenleaveoutonbeforepluraldays:DoyouworkSaturdays?withspecialdates:Whatdoyounormallydoonyourbirthday?Weusein:withpartsoftheday:I’llcomeandseeyouinthemorningforacupofcoffee,okay?withmonths:WeusuallygocampinginJulyorAugust.withyears:Thehousewasbuiltin1835.withseasons:Thegardeniswonderfulinthespringwhenalltheflowerscomeout.withlongperiodsoftime:ThepopulationofEuropedoubledinthenineteenthcentury.Weuseattotalkaboutpublicholidaysandweekends,butwhenwetalkaboutaparticularspecialdayorweekend,weuseon.CompareWenevergoawayattheNewYearbecausethetrafficisawful.OnNewYear’sDay,thewholefamilygetstogether.I’llgoandseemymotherattheweekendiftheweather’sokay.ThefolkfestivalisalwaysheldonthelastweekendinJuly.*NotethatAmericanEnglishspeakersusuallysayontheweekend.Weuseinwithmorning,afternoon,eveningandnight,butweuseonwhenwetalkaboutaspecificmorning,afternoon,etc.,orwhenwedescribethepartoftheday.CompareIalwaysworkbestinthemorning.Ioftengettiredintheafternoon.TheshiplefttheharbouronthemorningoftheninthofNovember.Intheeveningtheyusedtositoutsideandwatchthesungoingdown.Ithappenedonabeautifulsummer’sevening.Inthenightusuallyreferstooneparticularnight;atnightreferstoanynightingeneral:Iwasawakeinthenight,thinkingaboutallthethingsthathavehappened.‘It’snotsafetotravelatnight,’theofficersaid.
Weuseattheend(oftenwithof)totalkaboutthepointintimewheresomethingfinishes.Weuseintheendtotalkaboutthingsthathappenafteralongtimeorafteraseriesofotherevents:Attheendofthefilm,everyonewascrying.Not:Intheendofthefilm…Ilookedeverywhereforthebookbutcouldn’tfindit,sointheendIboughtanewcopy.Weuseatthebeginning(oftenwithof)totalkaboutthepointwheresomethingstarts.Weusuallyuseinthebeginningwhenwecontrasttwosituationsintime:Atthebeginningofeverylesson,theteachertoldthechildrenalittlestory.Inthebeginning,nobodyunderstoodwhatwashappening,butaftersheexplainedeverythingverycarefully,thingsweremuchclearer.Seealso:AtWeuseintosayhowlongittakessomeonetodosomething:Hewassuchaclevermusician.Hecouldlearnasonginaboutfiveminutes.Weuseanapostrophe-sconstruction(inayear’stime,intwomonths’time)tosaywhensomethingwillhappen.Wedon’tuseittosayhowlongsomeonetakestodosomething:Iwon’tsaygoodbyebecausewe’llbeseeingeachotheragaininthreedays’time.Wecanalsosayinthreedays,withouttime,inthisexample.Heranthemarathoninsixhoursand20minutes.Not:Heranthemarathoninsixhoursand20minutes’time.Wedon’tnormallyuseat,onorinbeforetimeexpressionsbeginningwitheach,every,next,last,some,this,that,one,any,all:HeplaysfootballeverySaturday.AreyoufreenextMondayattwoo’clock?LastsummerwerentedavillainPortugal.Seealso:TimeNextWeuseonnotattotalkaboutaparticularday:Thetwocouplesweremarriedintwodifferentcitiesonthesameday,25yearsago.Not:…atthesameday,25yearsago.Wedon’tuseattorefertodates:TheGeneralwaskilledon26August.Not:…at26August.Weuseat,notin,withweekend(s):Whatdoyouusuallydoattheweekend?Doyougoaway?Not:Whatdoyouusuallydointheweekend?Weuseinwithmonths,noton:They’regoingtoAustraliainSeptemberforaconference.Not:They’regoingtoAustraliaonSeptember…
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Dates
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Since
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Nouns:countableanduncountable
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Wouldrather,wouldsooner
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As,whenorwhile?
06
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Intonation
08
Presentperfectcontinuous(Ihavebeenworking)
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As,becauseorsince?
10
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AdjectivesAdjectives:formsAdjectives:orderAdjectivephrases:functionsAdjectivephrases:positionAdjectivesandadjectivephrases:typicalerrorsComparison:adjectives(bigger,biggest,moreinteresting)Comparison:clauses(biggerthanwehadimagined)Comparison:comparisonsofequality(astallashisfather)As…asAdverbsAdverbphrasesAdverbsandadverbphrases:positionAdverbsandadverbphrases:typicalerrorsAdverbs:formsAdverbs:functionsAdverbs:typesComparison:adverbs(worse,moreeasily)FairlyIntensifiers(very,atall)LargelyMuch,alot,lots,agooddeal:adverbsPrettyQuiteRatherReallyScarcelyVeryAboutAgoAlreadyAlwaysEarlyEverHardlyever,rarely,scarcely,seldomNextNolonger,notanylongerNomore,notanymoreNowOftenOnceSoonStillThenUsuallyEventuallyAdverbsasdiscoursemarkers(anyway,finally)Adverbsasshortresponses(definitely,certainly)AfraidAlikeHardLongOnlySame,similar,identicalLikelyandunlikelyAswell(as)EvenHardlyHopefullySurelyTooUltimatelyAboveorover?Across,overorthrough?Adviceoradvise?Affectoreffect?Allorevery?Allorwhole?Allow,permitorlet?Almostornearly?Alone,lonely,orlonesome?Alongoralongside?Already,stilloryet?Also,aswellortoo?Alternate(ly),alternative(ly)Althoughorthough?Altogetheroralltogether?Amountof,numberoforquantityof?Anymoreoranymore?Anyone,anybodyoranything?Apartfromorexceptfor?Ariseorrise?Aroundorround?Arouseorrouse?Asorlike?As,becauseorsince?As,whenorwhile?Beenorgone?Beginorstart?Besideorbesides?Betweenoramong?Bornorborne?Bring,takeandfetchCan,couldormay?Classicorclassical?Comeorgo?Considerorregard?Consist,compriseorcompose?Contentorcontents?Differentfrom,differenttoordifferentthan?Doormake?Down,downwardsordownward?Duringorfor?Eachorevery?Eastoreastern;northornorthern?Economicoreconomical?Efficientoreffective?Elder,eldestorolder,oldest?Endorfinish?Especiallyorspecially?Exceptorexceptfor?Expect,hopeorwait?Experienceorexperiment?Fallorfalldown?Faroralongway?Farther,farthestorfurther,furthest?Fast,quickorquickly?Fellorfelt?Femaleorfeminine;maleormasculine?Finally,atlast,lastlyorintheend?First,firstlyoratfirst?Fitorsuit?Followingorthefollowing?Fororsince?Forgetorleave?Fullorfilled?Funorfunny?Getorgo?Gratefulorthankful?Hearorlisten(to)?Highortall?Historicorhistorical?Houseorhome?Howis…?orWhatis…like?Iforwhen?Iforwhether?Illorsick?Implyorinfer?Inthewayorontheway?It’sorits?Lateorlately?Layorlie?Lendorborrow?Lessorfewer?Lookat,seeorwatch?Loworshort?Man,mankindorpeople?Maybeormaybe?Maybeorperhaps?Nearestornext?Neverornot…ever?Niceorsympathetic?Nodoubtorwithoutdoubt?Noornot?Nowadays,thesedaysortoday?Openoropened?Opportunityorpossibility?Oppositeorinfrontof?Other,others,theotheroranother?Outoroutof?Permitorpermission?Person,personsorpeople?Pickorpickup?Playorgame?Politics,political,politicianorpolicy?Priceorprize?Principalorprinciple?Quietorquite?Raiseorrise?Rememberorremind?Rightorrightly?Roborsteal?Sayortell?Sothatorinorderthat?Sometimesorsometime?Soundornoise?Speakortalk?Suchorso?There,theirorthey’re?Towardsortoward?Waitorwaitfor?Wake,wakeuporawaken?Worthorworthwhile?A/anandtheDeterminers(the,my,some,this)DeterminersandtypesofnounDeterminers:positionandorderDeterminers:typicalerrorsDeterminersusedaspronounsEveryPossession(John’scar,afriendofmine)SuchThis,that,these,thoseWholeNounsNouns:formNounsandprepositionsNouns:compoundnounsNouns:countableanduncountableNouns:formingnounsfromotherwordsNouns:singularandpluralAccommodationEquipmentFurnitureInformationLuckandluckyNewsProgressWeatherNounphrases:dependentwordsNounphrases:orderNounphrases:usesNounphrases:nounphrasesandverbsNounphrases:twonounphrasestogetherPronounsEachother,oneanotherEveryone,everybody,everything,everywhereItGenderNoone,nobody,nothing,nowhereOneOneandone’sPronouns:personal(I,me,you,him,it,they,etc.)Pronouns:possessive(my,mine,your,yours,etc.)Pronouns:reflexive(myself,themselves,etc.)Pronouns:indefinite(-body,-one,-thing,-where)Pronouns:one,you,we,theyRelativepronounsQuestions:interrogativepronouns(what,who)Someone,somebody,something,somewhereThatAbitAllAnyBothEitherEnoughLeast,theleast,atleastLessLittle,alittle,few,afewLots,alot,plentyManyMoreMost,themost,mostlyMuch,many,alotof,lotsof:quantifiersNo,noneandnoneofPlentySomeSomeandanyHowWhatWhenWhereWhichWho,whomWhoseWhyPiecewordsandgroupwordsComparison:nouns(moremoney,themostpoints)NounsandgenderReportedspeech:reportingnounsAgeHalfHolidayandholidaysMindOpinionPromiseReasonSort,typeandkindThingandstuffViewWayWork(noun)PrepositionsPrepositionalphrasesAboveAfter,afterwardsAgainstAmongandamongstAsAtAt,inandto(movement)At,onandin(place)At,onandin(time)BelowBeneathBeyondByDuringForFor+-ingFromInfrontofInspiteofanddespiteIn,intoNearandneartoOfOn,ontoOverToUnderUntilWithWithinWithoutCollocationCommandsandinstructionsCommentariesInvitationsOffersRequestsGreetingsandfarewells:hello,goodbye,HappyNewYearSuggestionsTelephoningWarningsDatesMeasurementsNumberTimeGeographicalplacesNamesandtitles:addressingpeopleNationalities,languages,countriesandregionsPlacenamesAbroadAwayandawayfromBackInsideNearbyOutsideUpPolitenessReportedspeechReportedspeech:directspeechReportedspeech:indirectspeechSexistlanguagePronunciationIntonationPolitenessInterjections(ouch,hooray)TagsChunksEllipsisHeadersandtailsHyperboleVagueexpressionsDowntonersHedges(just)SubstitutionAllrightandalrightPleaseandthankyouHereandthereJustKindofandsortofOhSoandnotwithexpect,hope,think,etc.SoYesAnywayDiscoursemarkers(so,right,okay)InfactOkay,OKWellYouknowYouseeBritishandAmericanEnglishDialectDoublenegativesandusageFormalandinformallanguageNewspaperheadlinesRegisterSlangStandardandnon-standardlanguageSwearingandtabooexpressionsAccordingtoActualandactuallyApproximations(aroundfouro’clock)AtallElseHearthat,seethatHowever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whoeverIt’stimeMayaswellandmightaswellMoreorlessOfcoursePointofviewApostrophe(’)AppositionContractionsContrastsDetachedimpersonalstyleInternetdiscourseandtextmessagesIt,thisandthatinparagraphsParagraphsPunctuationSpeechintowritingSpellingSuchasPastsimple(Iworked)Pastcontinuous(Iwasworking)Pastcontinuousorpastsimple?Pastsimpleorpresentperfect?UsedtoPastperfectsimple(Ihadworked)Pastperfectcontinuous(Ihadbeenworking)Pastperfectsimpleorpastperfectcontinuous?Pastperfectsimpleorpastsimple?PastverbformsreferringtothepresentPast:typicalerrorsPresentcontinuous(Iamworking)Presentperfectcontinuous(Ihavebeenworking)Presentperfectsimple(Ihaveworked)Presentperfectsimpleorpresentperfectcontinuous?Presentperfect:typicalerrorsPresentsimple(Iwork)Presentsimpleorpresentcontinuous?Present:typicalerrorsPresentverbformsreferringtothepastFuture:willandshallFuture:begoingto(Iamgoingtowork)Future:otherexpressionstotalkaboutthefutureFuturecontinuous(Iwillbeworking)FutureinthepastFutureperfectcontinuous(Iwillhavebeenworkingheretenyears)Futureperfectsimple(Iwillhaveworkedeighthours)Future:presentcontinuoustotalkaboutthefuture(I’mworkingtomorrow)Future:presentsimpletotalkaboutthefuture(Iworktomorrow)Future:typicalerrorsGoingtoFiniteandnon-finiteverbsImperativeclauses(Bequiet!)InfinitiveswithandwithouttoInfinitive:activeorpassive?Perfectinfinitivewithto(tohaveworked)Verbs:basicformsVerbs:formationHate,like,loveandpreferHear,see,etc.+object+infinitiveor-ingHelpsomebody(to)doLookforwardtoStop+-ingformorto-infinitiveVerbpatterns:verb+infinitiveorverb+-ing?Verbpatterns:verb+that-clauseVerbpatterns:withandwithoutobjectsWouldlikeWouldrather,wouldsoonerPhrasalverbsandmulti-wordverbsGetpassiveHavesomethingdonePassive:formsPassiveswithandwithoutanagentPassive:usesPassive:otherformsPassive:typicalerrorsCanCouldCould,mayandmightDareHadbetterMayMightModality:formsModality:meaningsandusesModality:tenseModality:otherverbsModality:othermodalwordsandexpressionsMustNeedOughttoShallShouldWillWouldConditionalsConditionals:ifConditionals:otherexpressions(unless,should,aslongas)Conditionals:typicalerrorsIfonlyIncase(of)Suppose,supposingandwhatifWishVerbs:typesVerbphrasesVerbsandverbphrases:typicalerrorsAppearAskandaskforBeBeexpressions(beableto,bedueto)ComeDoEnableEnjoyExplainGetGoHappenHaveHavegotandhaveHopeKnowLet,let’sLikeLookMadefrom,madeof,madeoutof,madewithMakeMarryanddivorceMatterMeanMissPreferPutSeeSeemSuggestTakeThinkWantTableofirregularverbsWordclassesandphraseclassesWordformationPrefixesSuffixesCompoundsAbbreviations,initialsandacronyms-ishand-yDiminutives(-let,-yandmini-)HyphensWordorderandfocusWordorder:structuresCleftsentences(ItwasinJunewegotmarried.)FrontingInversionNosoonerNotonly…butalsoAndAsifandasthoughAslongasandsolongasBecause,becauseofandcos,cosofBeforeButConjunctionsConjunctions:addingConjunctions:causes,reasons,resultsandpurposeConjunctions:contrastingConjunctions:timeEither…or…IfInordertoOrSinceUnlessWhereasWhetherWhileandwhilstYetAdjunctsClausesClauses:finiteandnon-finiteClausetypesComplementsDummysubjectsExclamationsHeadsObjectsSentencesSubjectsSubjectcomplementsSubject–verbagreementRelativeclausesRelativeclausesreferringtoawholesentenceRelativeclauses:definingandnon-definingRelativeclauses:typicalerrorsNeither,neither…norandnot…eitherNotNeither,neither…norandnot…eitherNotFormingnegativestatements,questionsandimperativesNegation:twonegativesNegativeclauseswithany,anybody,anyone,anything,anywhereNegationinnon-finiteclausesNegativeprefixesandsuffixesNegativeadverbs:hardly,seldom,etc.Negation:emphasisingNegationofthink,believe,suppose,hopeQuestions:alternativequestions(Isitblackorgrey?)Questions:statementquestions(you’reover18?)Questions:two-stepquestionsQuestions:typicalerrorsQuestions:wh-questionsQuestions:yes-noquestions(Areyoufeelingcold?)Questions:follow-upquestionsQuestions:echoandcheckingquestionsQuestions:shortforms
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