Taiwan High Speed Rail - Wikipedia

Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) is the high-speed railway of Taiwan consisting of one line that runs approximately 350 km (220 mi) along the west coast, ... TaiwanHighSpeedRail FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch High-speedrailwayinTaiwan TaiwanHighSpeedRailATHSR700TtraininSeptember2013OverviewNativename台灣高鐵OwnerTaiwanHighSpeedRailCorporation[a]LocaleTaiwanTransittypeHigh-speedrailwayNumberoflines1Numberofstations12Annualridership63,963,199(2018) 5.60%Websitethsrc.com.twOperationBeganoperation5January2007Operator(s)TaiwanHighSpeedRailCorporationCharacterElevated,Underground,At-gradeTechnicalSystemlength350 km(220 mi)No.oftracks2Trackgauge1,435 mm(4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)standardgaugeElectrification25kV60HzACfromoverheadcatenaryTopspeed300 km/h(190 mph) Routemap Legend km WesternTrunkline XizhiDepot 南港 -3.3 Nangang 0.0 台北 5.9 Taipei XindianRiver 板橋 13.1 Banqiao DahanRiver WesternTrunkline HueilungTunnel LinkouTunnel 桃園 42.3 Taoyuan WesternTrunkline HukouTunnel 新竹 72.2 Hsinchu WesternTrunklineLiujialine Liujia LiujiaMaintenanceBase TouqianRiver Neiwanline WesternTrunkline WesternTrunkline 苗栗 104.9 Miaoli Fengfu MiaoliTunnel Xinwuri 台中 165.7 Taichung WesternTrunkline WurihDepot DaduRiver BaguashanTunnel WesternTrunkline 彰化 193.9 Changhua ZhuoshuiRiver 雲林 218.5 Yunlin TaibaoMaintenanceBase 嘉義 251.6 Chiayi WesternTrunkline 台南 313.9 Tainan Shalun Shalunline WesternTrunkline ErrenRiver YanchaoWorkshop ZuoyingDepot WesternTrunkline 左營 345.2 Zuoying WesternTrunkline Thisdiagram:viewtalkedit TaiwanHighSpeedRail(THSR)isthehigh-speedrailwayofTaiwanconsistingofonelinethatrunsapproximately350 km(220 mi)alongthewestcoast,fromthecapitalTaipeitothesoutherncityofKaohsiung.Withconstructionandoperationsmanagedbyaprivatecompany,TaiwanHighSpeedRailCorporation(THSRC;TWSE:2633),whichalsooperatestheline,thetotalcostoftheprojectwasNT$513.3billionin1998.[2]Atthetimeitwasbuilt,thiswasoneoftheworld'slargestprivatelyfundedrailconstructionschemes.ThesystemisbasedprimarilyonJapan'sShinkansen. Therailwayopenedforserviceon5January2007,withtrainsrunningatatopspeedof300 km/h(186 mph),currentlyrunningfromNangangtoZuoyinginaslittleas1hourand45minutes,reachingalmost90%ofTaiwan'spopulation.Mostintermediatestationsonthelinelieoutsidethecitiesserved;however,avarietyoftransferoptions,suchasfreeshuttlebuses,conventionalrail,andmetroshavebeenconstructedtofacilitatetransportconnections. Ridershipinitiallyfellshortofforecasts,butgrewfromfewerthan40,000passengersperdayinthefirstfewmonthsofoperationtoover129,000passengersperdayinJune2013.[3]Dailypassengertrafficreached130,000in2014,wellbelowtheforecastof240,000dailypassengersfor2008.[4]Thesystemcarrieditsfirst100millionpassengersbyAugust2010andover200millionpassengershadtakenthesystembyDecember2012,[5]followedby400millionbyDecember2016.[6] Intheinitialyearsofoperation,THSRCaccumulateddebtduetohighdepreciationchargesandinterest,largelyduetothefinancialstructuresetupfortheprivatecompany.In2009,THSRCnegotiatedwiththegovernmenttochangethemethodofdepreciationfromdependingonconcessionsonrightstoridership.[7]Atthesametime,thegovernmentalsostartedtohelprefinanceTHSRC'sloanstoassistthecompanysoitcouldremainoperationalandprofitable.[8]ThegovernmentinjectedNT$30billionasafinancialbailout,boostingthegovernment'sstaketoabout64%fromabout37%.[4]Thegovernmentalsoextendedtherailconcessionfrom35yearsto70yearsandterminatedthecompany'sbuild-operate-transferbusinessmodel.[9] Contents 1History 1.1Build-Operate-Transfer 1.2Openingandexpansion 2Trainandoperation 2.1Train 2.1.1Engineeringtrains 2.2Operation 2.3Naturaldisasters 3Service 3.1Localconnections 3.2StopPatterns 3.3Ticketfareanddiscount 3.4Trainfrequency 3.5Ridership 4Infrastructure 4.1Track 4.2Stations 4.3Environmentalissues 5Financial 5.1Revenueandcost 5.2Financialandloan 6Incidents 7Publicrelationsactivities 8Inpopularculture 9Seealso 10Notes 11References 12Furtherreading 13Externallinks History[edit] Taiwan'srapideconomicgrowthduringthelatterhalfofthetwentiethcenturyledtocongestionofhighways,conventionalrail,andairtrafficsystemsinthewesterntransportcorridor,whichthreatenedtoimpedetheregion'sdevelopment.[10][11]: 125 Theideaofanewhigh-speedraillinearoseinthe1970s,[10]andinformalplanningbeganin1980.[12]In1987theexecutivebranchofTaiwan'sgovernment,theExecutiveYuan,instructedtheMinistryofTransportationtolaunchafeasibilitystudyforahigh-speedraillineinthewesternTaiwancorridor,[10]whichwascompletedin1990.[13]Thestudyfoundthatinacomparisonofpotentialsolutionstotrafficproblemsinthecorridor,ahigh-speedraillinewouldofferthehighesttransitvolume,lowestlanduse,highestenergysavings,andleastpollution.[10]InJuly1990thePreparationOfficeofHighSpeedRail(POHSR)wasestablished[10]andaroutewasselectedin1991.[12]PlansfortheTHSRweresubsequentlyapprovedbytheExecutiveYuaninJune1992[10]andbyTaiwan'slegislature,theLegislativeYuan,in1993.[13] Build-Operate-Transfer[edit] The1998EurotraindemonstratortraininGermany.OriginallyEurotrainwasthepreferredtechnology–GermanICEmotivepowerandFrenchTGVrollingstock–butfollowingtheICEdisasteratEschedeandasoftloanofferfromtheJapaneseGovernment,Shinkansentechnologywasadopted. InNovember1994,Taiwanpassedalawregardingtheuseofprivatefinanceininfrastructureprojects,whichalsoappliedtotheup-to-thenstate-runTHSRproject.[10]Consequently,in1995,POHSRwastransformedintotheBureauofHighSpeedRail(BOHSR),whichstartedtotenderTHSRasabuild-operate-transfer(BOT)schemeinOctober1996.[10][13] ThebiddingprocesspittedTaiwanHighSpeedRailConsortium(THSRC)againsttheChunghwaHighSpeedRailConsortium(CHSRC).THSRC'sbidwasbasedonthehigh-speedtechnologyplatformofEurotrain,ajointventurebetweenGEC-Alsthom,themainmakeroftheFrenchTGV,andSiemens,themainmakeroftheGermanICE,whileCHSRC'sbidwasbasedonJapaneseShinkansentechnologysuppliedbyTaiwanShinkansenConsortium(TSC),ajointventureofJapanesecompanies.[14]THSRC,whichsubmittedthelowerbidandpromisedtobuildthelinewithzeronetcostfromthegovernment,waschosenaspreferredbidderinSeptember1997.[14]ThegroupwasrenamedandformallyestablishedastheTaiwanHighSpeedRailCorporation(THSRC)inMay1998.[15][16][17]THSRCandthegovernmentsignedtheBOTagreementon23July1998.[18] However,controversyaroseduringrolling-stockselection.InMay1999,asTHSRCfaceddifficultiesinraisingcapital,thegovernmentofJapanpromisedsoftloansifTHSRCswitchedtoTSC.[19]AlthoughEurotrainpromisedtomatchTSC'sfinancialproposal,theEschedetraindisasterincombinationwithTSCofferingthenewer700SeriesShinkansen,convincedTHSRCtoreopenitscoresystembid,ultimatelyresultinginTSCselectedasthepreferredrolling-stocksupplierinDecember1999.AlthoughEurotraineventuallyconcededinthebid,inFebruary2001itfiledforaUS$800milliondamageclaimagainstTHSRCattheSingaporeInternationalArbitrationCentre.Afteralengthyarbitrationprocess,thecourtruledinMarch2004thatTHSRCshouldpayacompensationfortheUS$32.4millionEurotrainspentondevelopmentandUS$35.7millionforunjustenrichment.[20]THSRCagreedtopayUS$65million(US$89millionwithinterest)toEurotraininNovember2004.[21] Openingandexpansion[edit] Taiwan's345 kmHigh-SpeedRaillineasof2020 Therailwayopenedin2007betweenTaipeiandZuoying.Fouradditionalstationswereaddedin2014and2015. On10September2019,theExecutiveYuanannouncedthattherailwaywouldbeexpandedtoPingtung.Outoffourproposedrouteoptions,itwasconfirmedon27SeptemberthattheexpansionwouldbypasscentralKaohsiung,branchingfromZuoyingeasttowardswesternPingtungCity,nearLiukuaicuo,withanestimatedcostofNT$55.4billion.Althoughlowestincost,theoptionwasmetwithcriticismregardingitseconomicbenefits.[22][23] On25October2019,theRailwayBureaupublishedanassessmentreporttoextendthelinefromTaipeitoYilan,cuttingtraveltimeto13minutes.[24]TheextensionroutewasapprovedinOctober2020.[25] Trainandoperation[edit] Train[edit] Mainarticle:THSR700T Noseprofileofthe700Ttrain TaiwanHighSpeedRailstartedoperationwith30THSR700TtrainsetssuppliedbyaconsortiumledbyKawasakiHeavyIndustries.[26]Inresponsetoincreasingridershipandnewstationsthatwouldbeginoperationin2015,THSRCsignedthecontractforfournew700TtrainsetswiththeKawasakiconsortiuminMay2012inTokyo,Japan.[27][28]Thefirst(TR31)trainsetwasdeliveredtoTaiwanon23December2012;thesecond(TR32)on21January2013;thethird(TR33)on25January2014;thefourth(TR34)on12August2015.[29][30] TheTHSR700Ttrainsetisbasedonthe700SeriesShinkansentrainsetusedbyJRCentralandJRWestinJapan.[31]ThismarkedthefirsttimeShinkansentechnologywasexportedtoaforeigncountry.[32]CustomizationwasfocusedonadaptingtoTaiwan'sclimateandgeography,andthenoseshapewasoptimizedfortunnelswiderthanthoseinJapan.[26][31][33] Themaximumservicespeedofthetrainswasraisedfromthe700SeriesShinkansen's285to300 km/h(177to186 mph).[33]The12carsofa700Ttrainaregroupedinthreetractionunitswiththreepowercarsandonetrailereach,[31]providing10.26 MWofpower;[34]bothendcarsaretrailerstoavoidsliponpoweredbogies.[31]Thetrainis304 m(997 ft)longandhasamassof503 t(554shorttons)whenempty.[34]Thetrainshaveapassengercapacityof989seatsintwoclasses:66seatsin2+2configurationinthesingleBusinessCarand923seatsin2+3configurationintheelevenStandardCars.[26]Thepercapitaenergyconsumptionofafullyloaded700Ttrainis16%ofthatofprivatecarsandhalfthatofbuses;carbondioxideemissionsare11%ofprivatecarsandaquarterthatofbuses.[13] Engineeringtrains[edit] TheDD16locomotiveasusedbyTHSRC Theformer0seriesendcarusedforclearancechecking THSRCusesoverheadlineinspectiontrainsfromWindhoff,Harscorailgrinders,Plasser&Theurertracktampers,andseveralex-JRrollingstocktomaintainitsline.[35]AmongthelatterincludetheJNRClassDD14andJNRClassDD16diesel-hydrauliclocomotives,whichwereoriginallyusedforsnowploughingbyJR.Thetwoex-JRlocomotiveswithTHSRCareequippedwithShinkansen-stylerotarycouplersandstandard-gaugebogiesinsteadoftheoriginal1067mmgaugebogiesandknucklecouplersandareusedforshuntingthe700Ttrainsetswithinthedepot.THSRCalsousesaformer0SeriesShinkansenendcarasastructuregaugetestcar. Operation[edit] AsthefirsthighspeedrailwaysysteminTaiwan,THSRCstartedoperationin2007withmanyforeignemployees,includingFrenchandGermantraindriversandoperationcontrollersintheOperationControlCenter(OCC).[36]Atthesametime,THSRCalsostartedtotrainlocaldriversandcontrollers.SinceMay2008,allcontrollersworkingintheOCChavebeenTaiwanese,andsinceOctober2008,alltraindrivershavebeenTaiwanese.[37] TheOCC'smainresponsibilityistomaintainsafetrainoperations.THSRChas132controllers(July2012),ofwhichaboutonequarterarefemale,working24hoursperdayand365daysperyearintheOCC.RequirementsforbecomingaChiefController(主任控制員)includeexperienceinallnineOCCpositions,300-hoursofon-the-jobtrainingandacquiringqualification.[38] THSRChas144drivers(July2012),ofwhichalmost10%arefemale.Alldrivercandidatesmustspend8monthscompleting1,326hoursofprofessionaltrainingandpasstheNationalCertificationbeforetheycandrivethetrain.Inaddition,afterbecomingacertifiedhigh-speedtraindriver,theyundergofurtheron-the-jobtrainingatleastthreetimeseachyearinordertoguaranteetheycandrivethetrainsafely.[38] Naturaldisasters[edit] Taiwanfrequentlyfacesmultipletypesofnaturaldisasters,includingtyphoons,earthquakes,heavyrainfall,floods,andlandslides.Forthisreason,aprimaryfocusofTHSRC'sinfrastructuredesignwashowtorespondtonaturaldisasterssuchasearthquakes[39]andhowtoensuresafetyforallpassengersandtrainsinanyemergencysituation.[40] THSRChasestablishedasystemtorespondtonaturaldisastersandunexpectedintrusionontotheright-of-way,calledDWS(DisasterWarningSystems).[40]Thissystemconsistsofanetworkofsensorsinstalledalongtherailroutetodetectunexpectedsituationssuchasearthquakes,strongwinds,heavyrainfall,floods,landslides,andintrusions.Incaseofanunexpectedsituation,theDWSwillsendsignalstotheOCC(OperationControlCenter)immediately;itwillalsoactivatecontingencymeasurestoensurethesafetyofthepassengersandtrains,includingdeceleratingorstoppingtrainsintheaffectedarea.[39] TheDWShasfunctionedsuccessfullysinceitsinitialoperationin2007.ThemostpowerfulearthquakethatTHSRChasexperiencedmeasured6.4ontheRichterScalewithanepicenter17 kmfromJiaxian,KaohsiungthatshooksouthernTaiwanon4March2010(甲仙地震).OneoperatingtrainwasslightlyderailedinSinshih,Tainan,andsixtrainswerestoppedonthetrack.Inspiteofthetemporarysuspensionofoperations,therewasnodamageorcasualties.All2,500affectedpassengerswereevacuatedintwohourswithoutinjury.Serviceresumedthenextday.[8]Sucharecordwaswellnoted,andprovidedvaluableexperienceinoperationalsafetytotheglobalrailwayindustry.[8] InApril2010,itwasreportedthatsubsidencehadbeenobservedduringconstructionona6 km(3.7 mi)viaductsectioninYunlinCounty.[41]Thesubsidencecontinued,reachingupto55 cm(22 in)oversevenyears.[42]By2010subsidencehadslowed,whichwasascribedtotheclosureofsomedeepgroundwaterwellsoperatingintheregion.Althoughthesituationwasdeemedsafewithdifferentialsettlementbetweenadjacentpiersalongtheviaductatonlyasixthofthepermissiblelevel,theBOHSRurgedtheclosureofmorewells.[42][43]On25July2011,thegovernmentannouncedplanstoclosealmost1,000wellsinChanghuaandYunlincounties,reducingtheamountofwaterpumpedfromdeepwellsby210,000,000tonnes(2.1×1011 kg)by2021.[44] Service[edit] StandardCarridersonanorthboundtrain AccordingtoTHSR'sJuly2018timetable,[45]thereare989trainservicesperweekofoperation,withoperationtimesbetween05:50to24:00everyday.MostsouthboundtrainsoriginatefromNangangstationandmostnorthboundtrainsoriginatefromZuoying;however,afewtrainsoperatejustbetweenNangangandTaichungorbetweenTaichungandZuoying.Southboundtrainsaredesignatedbyoddtrainnumbers,andnorthboundtrainsbyeventrainnumbers.[46] Eachtrainconsistsof1businesscar(car6)and11standardcars(includingreservedseatsandnon-reservedseats).SinceJuly2010,non-reservedseatsareavailableincars10through12(sometrainsavailableincars9through12oravailableincars8through12).Car7ofeachtrainisfittedwith4wheelchairaccessiblechairsandadisabled-friendlyrestroom.PassengerscancallTHSR'sCustomerServiceHotLineat(Taiwan)4066-3000orvisitanyTHSRstationticketwindowtoreservetheseseats.[46] ByAugust2012,implementationof4GWiMAXon-boardtrainsisexpectedtoprovidesmoothwirelessbroadbandservices,makingTHSRthefirsthigh-speedgroundtransportationsystemequippedwiththisservice.[47] In2012,THSRCratedhighlyintheCommonWealthMagazine(天下雜誌)"GoldenServiceAwardsurvey"(金牌服務大賞),notonlyfaroutpacingallrivalsinthe"long-distancelandtransport"category,butalsotakingthetopspotintheoverallrankingsof300industries.[48] Localconnections[edit] ToimprovelocalpublictransitconnectionstoTHSRstations,theTRAbuilttwonewspurlinesbranchingofffromWestCoastLine. ShalunLineforTainanopenedon2January2011,[49] LiujiaLineforHsinchuopenedon11November2011.[50] Code Name Chinese Hokkien Hakka ConnectingservicesandNotes Distance(km)[51][52] Type[13] Location NAG 01 Nangang 南港 Lâm-káng Nàm-kóng WestCoastLine(097)(BL22) −3.2 underground Nangang Taipei TPE 02 Taipei 台北 Tâi-pak Thòi-pet WestCoastLine(100)(R10)and(BL12)(A1TaipeiMain)200m 6.1 underground Zhongzheng BAQ 03 Banqiao 板橋 Pang-kiô Piông-khièu WestCoastLine(102)(BL07)and(Y16) 13.1 underground Banqiao NewTaipei TAY 04 Taoyuan 桃園 Thô-hn̂g Thò-yèn (A18TaoyuanHSR)AirportShuttleBus 42.3 underground Zhongli Taoyuan HSC 05 Hsinchu 新竹 Sin-tek Sîn-tsuk LiujiaLine(240Liujia) 72.2 elevated Zhubei Hsinchu MIL 06 Miaoli 苗栗 Biâu-le̍k Mèu-li̍t TaichungLine(136Fengfu) 104.9 elevated Houlong Miaoli TAC 07 Taichung 台中 Tâi-tiong Thòi-chûng TaichungLine(280Xinwuri)TaichungMetro(119Xinwuri) 165.7 elevated Wuri Taichung CHH 08 Changhua 彰化 Chiong-hoà Chông-fa 193.9 elevated Tianzhong Changhua YUL 09 Yunlin 雲林 Hûn-lîm Yùn-lìm 218.5 elevated Huwei Yunlin CHY 10 Chiayi 嘉義 Ka-gī Kâ-ngi ChiayiBRT 251.6 elevated Taibao Chiayi TAN 11 Tainan 台南 Tâi-lâm Thòi-nàm ShalunLine(284Shalun) 313.9 elevated Gueiren Tainan ZUY 12 Zuoying 左營 Chó-iâⁿ Chó-yàng WestCoastLine(288Xinzuoying)(R16Zuoying/THSR) 345.2 groundlevel Zuoying Kaohsiung StopPatterns[edit] Withafewexceptions,theservicesfollowthebelowpattern. Code[b] Number[c] Category Nangang Taipei Banqiao Taoyuan Hsinchu Miaoli Taichung Changhua Yunlin Chiayi Tainan Zuoying Serviceproportion D 6xx,16xx Semi-DirectTrain（FrogMode） ▲[d] ● ● ● ● － ● － － ● ● ● 36.0% F 8xx,88xx AllStopTrain ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ▲[e] 22.7% B 1xx DirectTrain ● ● ● － － － ● － － － － ● 20.5% B' 2xx,12xx DirectTrain（CallatTainanMode） ▲[f] ● ▲[g] ○[h] － － ● － － ○[i] ● ● 9.2% E 5xx,15xx AllStopTrain（LocalMode） ● ● ● ● ● ● ●  N/A 8.7%  N/A ● ● ● ● ● ● C 3xx,13xx Semi-DirectTrain（Half-ExpressMode） ▲[j] ● － ● － － ● ● ● ● ● ● 2.9% asofJuly2019;●:Trainsstopatstation;○:SectionTrainsstopatstation;▲:SectionTrainsskipstation;－:Trainsskipstation Ticketfareanddiscount[edit] THSRCEarlyBirdTicketPromotionEvent,2011. AsofJanuary2018,aone-wayTaipei–Zuoyingtrip,aTHSRstandardcaradultticketisNT$1490,andabusinesscarticketfareisNT$1950.[46]Thecostofanon-reservedseatisapproximately3%lessthantheregularprice.Businessandstandardcarreservedticketreservationsareavailable28dayspriortothedateofdeparture(includingthedepartureday).[46] Seniorcitizens(Taiwancitizensabove65yearsofage),registereddisabledpersonsplusoneaccompanyingpassenger(Taiwancitizensonly),andchildren(passengersunder12yearsofage)areeligibleforconcession(halfprice)tickets.[46] Agroupdiscountisofferedforgroupsof11ormore.Agroupdiscountcannotbeusedincombinationwithotherdiscountoffersanddoesnotincludenon-reservedseats.Passengerseligibleformultiplediscountscanonlychooseonediscountoffer.[46][53][54] Since1July2010,asmartcardsystemhasprovidedfrequenttravelerswithmulti-ride(eighttrips)orperiodictickets.THSR'scontact-lesssmartcardsallowthecardholdertotravelbetweenspecificstationswithinagiventimeperiodforacertainnumberofrides.Thecardissoldineitherregistered(name-bearing)ornon-registeredform.Onlyadultticketsareavailableinthisformat,andcannotbeusedforridesbetweenBanqiaoandTaipei. Afterpurchasingoraddingvaluetoamulti-ridecard,thecardbalanceisvalidfor45dayscountedfromthedayoffirstuse.Theticketisgoodfor8rides.Themulti-ridecardprovidesadiscountofabout21%offthefullfareofareservedStandardSeat.Non-registeredandregisteredmulti-rideticketscanbepurchasedattheticketwindowsofallTHSRCstations.Uponfirstpurchaseofamulti-rideticket,acarddepositfeeofNT$100isrequired(refundableifthecardisreturned).Theregisteredmulti-rideticketislimitedtopersonalusebytheregisteredcardholder.[55][56] SinceNovember2012,anEarlyBirddiscountof35%hasbeenofferedforalimitednumberofticketssoldnolaterthan8daysbeforethedeparturedate.Ifthe35%offticketsselloutbeforethedeadline,ticketswithadiscountof20%offareoffered.Iftheseticketsselloutbeforethedeadline,ticketswithadiscountof10%offareoffered.Ifallearlybirdticketsaresoldout,thenfullfareticketsareoffered.[57] Trainfrequency[edit] Daily,weeklyfrequencyofnormalscheduledTHSRCtrainservices.Extratrainsduringholidaysandcancellationsduetoextraordinaryeventsnotshown. Trainfrequenciesintimetablevalidfrom8October2018[45][58] Direction Trainsperday Trainsperweek Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Southbound 63 64 82 75 76 488 Northbound 69 68 80 70 86 509 Bothdirections 132 162 145 162 997 THSRCoperatesadditionaltrainservicesduringnationalholidays.[59]On29June2011,aproposalbyTHSRCtoincreasethemaximumnumberoftrainservicesto210perday(comparedtotheexisting175perday)passedanenvironmentalimpactassessment,increasingthenumberofpossibleserviceson"high-loaddays".[60] Ridership[edit] MonthlyaveragesofdailyTHSRCridership,withindicationofmonthsaffectedbyChineseNewYear(greyframe)andservicecancellationsduetotyphoonsorearthquakes(blueframe) Originalestimatespredictedadailyridershipof180,000afterlaunch,growingto400,000by2036.[61]Inviewofa50%dropinairlinepassengersinthewakeofthe1997Asianfinancialcrisis,forecastswerereviseddownwards.[13]Thefinalinitialridershipestimatewas140,000passengersperday.[62]Actualinitialridershipdidnotmatchtheseprojections.InSeptember2007,sixmonthsafteropening,THSRCcarried1.5 millionpassengersmonthly,[63]translatingtoabout50,000passengersdaily.Inthesecondyear,passengernumbersalmostdoubled.[64]Inthethirdyear,averagedailyridershipcontinuedtogrowto88,000passengersperday,jumpingtoover120,000passengersperdayin2012.(updatedtoSeptember2012)[65][66]Seatoccupancywasaround45%inthefirstthreeyears,withamodestimprovementachievedin2009,andreached53.91%in2012.(updatedtoSeptember2012)[67]Punctualityisstableabove99%.[68] Annualtrafficfigures[69][70] Year Ridership[69][70] Seat-km:A[71] passenger-km:B[69][70] Seatoccupancy(%):B/A[72][70] Train×-km PassengerCar×km(Train×-km×12) Punctuality(lessthan5mins)[72][70] 2007 15,558,356 7,838,644,289 3,520,173,426 44.91 7,925,828 95,109,936 99.47% 2008 30,581,261 15,089,499,008 6,566,119,575 43.51 15,257,330 183,087,960 99.19% 2009 32,349,260 14,821,653,184 6,863,960,208 46.31 14,986,505 179,838,060 99.25% 2010 36,939,596 15,296,119,539 7,491,019,590 48.97 15,466,248 185,594,976 99.21% 2011 41,629,303 15,781,051,602 8,147,869,493 51.63 15,956,574 191,478,888 99.87% 2012 44,525,754 15,829,068,364 8,641,573,257 54.59 16,005,125 192,061,500 99.40% 2013 47,486,229 15,858,327,738 9,118,060,276 57.50 16,034,710 192,416,520 99.38% 2014 48,024,758 16,167,495,855 9,235,162,292 57.12 16,347,317 196,167,804 99.61% 2015 50,561,954 16,186,948,588 9,654,960,687 59.65 16,366,984 196,403,808 99.66% 2016 56,586,210 16,512,526,628 10,488,339,832 63.52 16,696,185 200,354,220 99.43% 2017 60,571,057 17,040,173,121 11,103,358,620 65.16 17,229,700 206,756,400 99.72% 2018 63,963,199 17,249,709,128 11,558,787,218 67.01 17,441,565 209,298,780 99.43% 2019 67,411,248 17,629,990,176 11,994,452,919 68.03 17,826,078 213,912,936 99.88% The10-millionthpassengerwascarriedafter265daysofoperationon26September2007,[63]whilethe100-millionthpassengerwascarriedafter1,307dayson3August2010,[73]and200-millionthbyDecember2012.[74]On10October2011,theDoubleTenDayholiday,THSRCtransportedasingle-dayrecordof189,386passengers.On5February2011,thethirddayofChineseNewYear’scelebration,anewrecordof190,596passengerswasachieved.Thenextsingle-dayrecordwasreachedon25January2012,alsothethirddayofChineseNewYear'scelebration,at191,989passengers.Themostrecentrecordis212,000passengerstransportedon1January2013.[74] Thehigh-speedtrainshavesuccessfullyout-competedplanes:byAugust2008,halfoftheairroutesbetweenTaipeiandthecountry'swesterncitieshadbeendiscontinued,includingallconnectionsbetweencitieswithTHSRstationsexceptforasingledailyconnectionbetweenTaipeiandKaohsiung.[75][76]Totaldomesticairtrafficwasexpectedtobehalvedfrom2006to2008,[75]andactuallyfellfrom8.6to4.9 million.[77]InJune2012,officialsannouncedthediscontinuationofthelastremainingcommercialflightbetweenTaipeiandKaohsiung.[78]TheshareforconventionalrailbetweenTaipeiandKaohsiungfellfrom9.71%in2006to2.5%in2008,whilehigh-speedrailbecamethemostcommonmodeoftransportat50%ofalltripsby2008.[79]TheopeningofTHSRledtoa10%reductionoftrafficontheparallelexpresswayin2007.[80]Despitecheaperticketprices,long-distancebuscompaniesreportedthatpassengervolumeshadfallenby20to30percentby2008.[81] Infrastructure[edit] About70 percentofthelineisonviaducts.Trackisalmostentirelyballastlessonconcrete,withcomponentsthatlimitnoiseemission. Constructionofthesystemtookmorethan2,000professionalengineersfrom20countriesandover20,000foreignanddomesticworkerssixyearstocomplete.[82]Constructionworkwasbrokenintoseveralspecializedlotsthatwerecontractedseparately.[83]Onegroupofcontractswasforcivilworks,coveringtheconstructionofthesuperstructureofopenlinesections.[83]Stationsanddepotswerethesubjectofseparategroupsofconstructioncontracts.[83]Afourthgroupofcontractswasfortrackwork.[83][84] TheTaiwanNorth-SouthHighSpeedRailProjectwasawardedthefirstprizefortheOutstandingCivilEngineeringProjectAwardbytheAsianCivilEngineeringCoordinationCouncil(ACECC)inSydneyin2010.[85] In2011,thePublicConstructionCommission(公共工程委員會)organizedanon-linevotingcampaignthatgarneredover330,000votes,toselectthe100bestinfrastructureprojects(百大建設)inTaiwantocelebratethecentennialoftheRepublic;TaiwanHighSpeedRailtoppedthelist.[86] Track[edit] THSRtrainonatestruninJune2006.About61 km(18 percentoftheroute)isintunnels;alarge90 m2(970 sq ft)tunnelcross-section,asseenhere,reducessuddenchangesinairpressureexperiencedbypassengers. Reflectingadesignspeedof350 km/h(217 mph),[87]tracklayoutwasdesignedwithaminimumcurveradiusof6,250 m(20,505 ft),track-centredistanceof4,500 mm(177.2 in),[13]right-of-waywidthof18 m(59 ft),andamaximumgradientof2.5%,exceptfor3.5%atonelocation.[88]Allbut3 km(1.9 mi)oftrackisballastless,[33]combiningslabtrackofJapanesemanufactureonopenlinesectionswithswitchesfromaGermansupplier.[89][90]TracklayingbeganinJuly2003.[91]Thelinewaselectrifiedwiththe25kV/60HzACsystem.[87]Thesignallingandtraincontrolsystemwaslaidoutforbi-directionaloperationaccordingtoEuropeanspecifications.[89]Eachtracksectionhasacheckpoint,andanautomaticcontrolsystemensuresthattrainsarespacedatleast1 km(0.62 mi)aparttopreventcollisions.[92] Mostofthelineiselevated.[87][93]About251 km(156 mi)or73%ofthelinerunsonviaducts,[87]mostlyprecastpre-stressedconcreteboxgirderspans,[93]thefirstofwhichwasputinplaceinOctober2001.[94] TheChanghua-KaohsiungViaductisa157,317 m(97.752 mi)continuoussectionfromBaguashan(八卦山)inChanghuaCountytoZuoyinginKaohsiung.Itwasthesecondlongestbridgeintheworldasof2017.[82][95]Viaductsweredesignedtobeearthquakeresistanttoallowfortrainstostopsafelyduringaseismiceventandforrepairabledamagefollowingamaximumdesignearthquake.[96]Bridgesbuiltoverknownfaultlinesweredesignedtosurvivefaultmovementswithoutcatastrophicdamage.[97] About61 km(38 mi)[98]or18%ofthelineisintunnels,including14 km(8.7 mi)oftheTRUPOsectioninTaipei,[88]aswellas48tunnelswithatotallengthof46,257 m(28.743 mi)ontheothersections,[99]thelongestofwhichisPaghuashanTunnel,atafinishedlengthof7,364 m(24,160 ft).[100]Forty-twoofthetunnelsincludedatotalof39,050 m(24.265 mi)ofminedsections,allofwhichwereboredwiththesequentialexcavationandsupportconstructionmethod,withexcavatedtunnelfacesof135–155 m2(1,450–1,670 sq ft),betweenNovember2000andJuly2003.[93]Thefinishedinteriorcross-sectionalareaof90 m2(970 sq ft),[88]setaccordingtowiderEuropeanstandards,[89]providesspacefortwotrackswithsafetywalkways.[87] Afterfourmonthsofdelays,trialrunsusingthefirstTHSR700Ttrainsbeganon27January2005,ontheTainan–Kaohsiungsection.[101]On30October2005,adayafteratestrunpassedtheplannedtopservicespeedof300 km/h(186 mph),[102]thetargetedmaximumtestspeedof315 km/h(196 mph)wasachieved.[103]ThesectionbetweenBanqiao(Taipei)andZuoying(Kaohsiung)openedtothepublicon5January2007.[104]TheHSRplatformsatTaipeiStationopenedon2March2007,bringingtheentirelineintooperation.[105] Stations[edit] Adistinctivefeatureofthesystem'sstationplacementisthatmanyarelocatedattheperipheryofurbanareas,ratherthanwithincitycenters.Thedecisionwasmadewiththeexpectationthatthestationswouldactascentersforplannedcommunitiesandthusincreasethepropertyvaluesofthesurroundingarea.Astudyin2010showedthatthisisn'tthecase,[11]: 126–127 butlateranalysesshowthatpropertypricesaroundcertainstationshaveindeedrisen.[106][107]SincetheTHSR'sopening,citieshavegraduallyexpandedtheirmasstransitsystemstoconnectwiththesestations. Environmentalissues[edit] THSRCdraftedtheHsinchuOldCamphorTreeMedicalPlan,whichcalledfortherepairofdecayedbranchesaswellasmeasuresdesignedtomaintainthelong-termgrowthandthehealthofthetree.Environmentalmitigationmeasuresintheline'sconstructionphaseincludedtheconstructionofanimalbridgesovertheline,theplantingandre-plantingoftreesalongthetrackasnoisescreens,[33]andthepurchaseoffarmlandtocreateapreservationareaforjacanabirdsawayfromtheline.[108] Formorethan10years,THSRChasbeendevotedtothepreservationofthepheasant-tailedJacana,atypeofbirdthatisconsideredendangeredinTaiwan.WithNT$50millioninvested,thefirstartificialhabitatrecoveryprojectwascompletedincollaborationwiththelocalgovernment,countrydevelopmentorganizationsandnon-profitorganizations.Thepheasant-tailedJacanapopulationinTainan,Taiwan,whichatonepointnumberedlessthan50,hasincreasedtoover300.In2007,therecoveryhabitatwasofficiallyrenamed"Pheasant-tailedJacanaEco-EducationalNaturePark"andsincethen,ithasopenedtothepublic.Toeducatestudentsinmattersconcerningenvironmentalprotection,everyyearTHSRCarrangesforelementaryandjuniorhighschoolstudentstovisitPheasant-tailedJacanaEco-EducationalNaturePark(台南官田—水雉生態教育園區),wheretheyareabletolearnaboutthebeautyofTaiwan'snaturalhabitats.[109] TheotherstoryaboutthebalancebetweenTHSRconstructionandtheenvironmentistheprotectionplanof"300-year-oldcamphortreeandthetemple"(保護金山面老樹及伯公廟)inHsinchuCityformorethan10years.[110]ThetreeandthetemplearelocatedonthemainrouteoftheTHSR,andbothofthemfacedremovalbecauseofrailwayconstruction.Thetempleestablishedbesidetheoldtreeisthebeliefcenterofthepeoplethere.In1998,THSRCadjustedthelineanddesigntokeepthetreeandtempleintheiroriginalplaceandcooperatedwithlocalgovernmentandpeopletoprotecttheoldtreeandthetempleuntiltoday.Afterwards,togetherwiththelocalgovernment,theEnvironmentandtheResourcesProtectionCommittee,andculturalandhistoricalauthorities,THSRCdraftedtheHsinchuOldCamphorTreeMedicalPlan,whichcalledfortherepairofdecayedbranchesaswellasmeasuresdesignedtomaintainthelong-termgrowthandthehealthofthetree.[111] Financial[edit] Revenueandcost[edit] Item 2007[112] 2008[113][114] 2009[114][115] 2010[115] 2011[116] 2012[117] 2013[118] 2014[119] 2015[119] 2016[119] 2017[120] 2018[121] Ticketrevenue(A) 13,155,221 22,441,012 22,800,753 27,025,822 31,556,782 33,263,223 42,221,888 44,098,796 Otheroperatingrevenue(B) 347,567 606,571 522,959 609,529 679,723 720,914 Operatingrevenue(C=A+B) 13,502,788 23,047,583 23,323,712 27,635,351 32,236,505 33,984,137 36,101,166 38,510,000 51,901,392 40,610,906 43,435,042 45,415,007 Depreciation −18,589,587 −18,994,251 −8,222,634 −9,411,998 −10,647,252 −11,206,236 Operatingincome −14,909,057 −6,238,553 5,564,846 9,071,545 12,058,405 12,095,229 11,394,464 11,880,000 20,556,496 13,699,496 17,754,984 19,144,964 Financialrevenue 315,187 644,500 639,869 230,348 248,318 633,040 Interest −14,423,091 −17,464,896 −10,778,335 −8,912,483 −8,854,892 −8,737,156 −9,256,852 −8,375,559 −7,463,329 −6,618,272 Netpre-taxincome −29,398,694 −25,009,697 −4,791,125 -1,210,889 5,783,743 3,956,828 2,710,000 2,660,000 18,833,835 4,997,575 6,478,500 7,311,823 Tax/taxrefund −54 0 1,670 848 −2,597,914 −379,992 −579,439 2,038,795 −848,477 −1,138,595 3,384,558 Netincome −29,398,748 −25,009,697 −4,789,455 −1,210,041 3,185,833 3,576,836 3,288,951 5,520,000 20,872,630 4,149,098 5,339,905 10,696,381 AllfiguresareinthousandsofNT$. MostofTHSRC'srevenuecomesfromticketsales;supplementalincomecomesfromotheractivitiessuchasadvertisingandrentingspacesforstandingshopsandspotsinplazas.Advertisingspotsontrainsandstationplatformshavealsobeensold.[122] Revenuesgrewalongwithridershipoverthefirstthreeyears,butridershipremainedbelowexpectations.In2008thesecondyearofoperation,revenuesfellbarelyshortofTHSRC'sexpectationsayearearlierofadoublingoffirst-yearresults.[64][123] Thecostofrunningthetrainsandinfrastructure,orcashoperatingcosts,wasinitiallyoverNT$1billionamonth,[124]butwasreducedtoaroundNT$850––900millionin2008.[125]Revenuesfirstexceededthislevel,thusgeneratingapositiveoperatingcashflow,inthefourthmonthofoperation(April2007).[126] ForTHSRC,theoverheavyaccountingofthefixedcostoffixedassetslikerollingstockandinfrastructure(depreciation)isasignificantnon-cashelementoftotaloperatingcosts.Initsfirsttwoyearsofoperation,THSRCappliedstraight-linedepreciation,distributingcostsevenlyoveraperiodof26.5years.[127]Asaresult,thebalanceofoperatingrevenuesandcosts(operatingincome)showedahighlossinthefirstyearofoperation,whichwasonlyreducedasrevenuesgrewinthesecondyear.ThedepreciationperiodsetforTHSRCreflectedthelengthoftheB.O.T.concessionratherthanthemuchlongerlifespanoftheinfrastructure,[127]anditisthefactorfortheoperatingloss.[128]Afteradoptinganactivitydepreciationmethodwhichisvariableintime,[129]THSRCposteditsfirstoperatingprofitfor2009,thethirdyearofoperation.[130]ThecompanyreporteditsfirstannualprofitofNT$5.78billionafterfiveyearsofoperation.[131] Forthefirsttimeinitsfive-yearoperation,theCompanyreportedanetincomeofNT$5.78billion,withearningspershareofNT$0.59.[84]Revenuesincreasedby16.65%fromNT$27.64billiontoNT$32.24billion,withoperatingcostsandexpenses(excludingdepreciationandamortization)risingbyonly4.98%.Overthesameperiodoftime,grossprofittotaledNT$12.98billion(anincreaseof30.32%),incomefromoperationstotaledNT$12.06billion(anincreaseof32.93%)andEBITDAtotaledNT$22.73billion(anincreaseof22.34%).2011grossprofit,incomefromoperationandEBITDAwereallrecordhighs.[84]Sincecommencingoperationsin2007,THSRChashadasignificantinfluenceonTaiwan'seconomyandonthelivesofitspeople.In2011,theCompanycontinuedtopursuesustainablegrowthalignedwiththeinterestsofshareholdersandsociety,achievingrecordprofitsevenamidachallengingeconomicenvironment.[84] Theinterestcostisanothermajoritemofthiscompany'sfinancing.Inthefirstfewyearsofoperation,interestrateswerewellabovemarketrates.[132][133]InterestexpensepermonthstoodataroundNT$1.3billionin2008,whenTHSRCfirstachievedbreak-evencashflow,withrevenueandcashexpenses(whichexcludedepreciation)botharoundNT$2.1billionin2008.[125]Interestratesfellinthefirsthalfof2009,reducinginterestexpenses[129]andcontributingtoareducednetloss.[130] In2010,THSRCobtainedanewsyndicateloantoalleviateitsimminentfinancialburden.ThecompanysignedaNT$382billionrefinancingcontractwithaconsortiumofeightdomesticbanksledbytheBankofTaiwan,andusedthenewloantopayofftheprevioussyndicatedloan,whichhadhigherinterest.[8]Asof2011[update],thelong-termdebtstotallingNT$385billionincludedNT$26billionincorporatebondsandNT$359billioninbankloans.Incomparisonwiththetermsandconditionsofpreviousloans,therefinancingdebtscarriedlowerinterestratesandlongertenors,upto22years.[8] Financialandloan[edit] Incumulativefigures,untilJuly2008,depreciationandinterestwereequalto95%ofTHSRC'saccumulateddebt.[133]BothTHSRC[128]andaSeptember2009governmentreport[132]identifiedanunreasonablefinancialstructureandtheresultinghighinterestratesandhighdepreciationchargesasthemaincausesofnegativefinancialperformance,whilethegovernmentassessedTHSRCtohaveperformedwellinitscorebusiness,asmeasuredbyearningsbeforeinterest,taxes,depreciationandamortization(EBITDA).[127]Toreduceitsinterestload,THSRCsoughttoreviseitsloanstructurein2008[134]andagainin2009.[135][136]Toreducedepreciationcostsbyincreasingtheamortizationtime,THSRCrequestedanextensionofits35-yearconcessionperiod.[127] Bythesummerof2009,THSRC'scumulativelosseswereequivalenttotwo-thirdsofitsequitycapital.Inresponsetoglobalfinancialcrisisanddomesticeconomicrecession,THSRCproposedtoincreaseincomeandreduceexpendituresinseveralaspectsinthehopeofraisingoperationperformances.InFebruary2009,THSRCannouncedtoadjusttrainfrequency,cutdownsalarypaymentby10~20%amongmanagementlevel,andmeasuredtoexpandfarepromotiontostimulateridership. WhilethemediaquestionedwhethertheplannedconstructionofthreemoreintermediatestationsandtheextensiontoNangangwouldbepostponed,THSRCpublishedpressreleaseon28September2009,statingthatthecompanywillcomplywith"TaiwanHighSpeed.RailConstructionandOperationContract",andtheconstructionprojectof3intermediatestations,namelyMiaoli,ChanghuaandYunlinwillbeinitiatedinJuly2012,andisscheduledtostartitsoperationfrom2015.Bythetimeofcompletion,therewillbeatotalof12stationsalongtheTHSRCoperationroute.[137]ThecompanywasputundernewmanagementinSeptember2009withtheaimofturningaroundthecompany'sfinanceswithgovernmenthelpinarrangingrefinancingoftheloans.[138] Thegovernmenttookmajoritycontrolofthecompanyaftertheelectionofitsnewboardon10November2009.[139]InJanuary2010,whenaccumulatedlossesalreadyexceededNT$70billion,THSRCsignedagovernment-guaranteedrefinancingdealinwhicheightgovernment-dominatedbanksprovidedNT$382billionatlowerinterestratesandlongermaturity.[140]Thegovernmentalsoapprovedthecompany'snewvariabledepreciationcharge.[130] Incidents[edit] On12April2013,suspiciousluggageitemswerefoundinsidetheNorthboundtrainNo.616toiletwhenitwasheadingtowardsTHSRHsinchuStation.ThetrainwasstoppedatTHSRTaoyuanStationandallofthepassengerswereevacuated.Later,itwasdeterminedtheluggagecontainedanunidentifiedliquidincans,alarmclockandwhiteparticulatematter.Theitemsweredismantledbythebombsquadandtakenforfurtherinvestigation.TwoKMTlegislators,HsuHsin-yingandLuShiow-yen,wereonboard.[141][142] On12April2013,thetrainmasteronno.616receivedcomplaintsfrompassengersatabout9:10 amthatthewomen'stoiletincabinNo.11containedtwopiecesofluggagewhichemittedastrangeodor.THSRCinformedtheHighSpeedRailPoliceDivision,whichlaterboardedthetrainwhenitstoppedatHsinchustation.ThetrafficcontrolcenterdecidedtoevacuatepassengersafterthetrainstoppedatTaoyuanstationat9:45 am.Morethan600peoplewereaskedtodisembarkandcontinuetheirjourneyonanothertrain.[143] TwobombersuspectswerearrestedinahotelinZhongshan,GuangdongProvince,mainlandChinaon15AprilandrepatriatedtoTaiwanon17April2013.[144] PartofthetracksnearTainanwerebadlydamagedduringtheearthquakeon6February2016.Allhigh-speedrailservicessouthofChiayiStationweresuspendeduntil7February2016. On10May2017,anon-passengercarryingtrainheadedtheoppositedirectionofthetrackfromZuoyingtoTainanfor1 kmduetohumannegligence.[145] DuetotheCOVID-19pandemic,theTHSR,alongwithTaiwanRailwayAdministrationandbusservicesnationwide,begantorequireallpassengerstowearsurgicalmasksasof1April.Inaddition,infraredsensorsweresetupattwelvestationstodetectfevers,eatinganddrinkingwasprohibitedonboardthetrains,trainsandstationsweredisinfectedmorefrequently,andtheTHSRcancelledallnon-reservedseatingtickets,whichallowedforcrowdsofpassengerstostandifnoseatswereavailable.Itwasreportedthattheswitchtoreservedseatsonlyaimedtoreducecrowding.[146][147] Publicrelationsactivities[edit] ChildrenfromremotecommunitiesataChristmaseventorganizedbytheTaiwanHighSpeedRailCorporationin2011 THSRCconductscommunityengagementactivitiestoraiseitsprofile. Since2009,thecompanyhasorganizedanannual"RideTHSRandJointheBookExhibitionforFree"eventtopromoteanationalreadingculture;school-agepassengersfromremotevillagesaregivenfreeadmissiontotheTaipeiInternationalBookExhibitionandgothereonathemedhigh-speed"readingtrain",whichfeaturesacelebrityreadingabookoverthetrain'spublicaddresssystem.[84] Since2010,alongwithWorldVisionTaiwan,THSRChasrunatuitionfeeassistanceprogramforthousandsofunderprivilegedchildren,towhichpassengerscontribute.[84] Othereventshavebeenacapellasingersatstations;gift-givingtocouplestakingweddingphotosatmajorstations;stationtoursforthepublicandexperience-sharingwithitsfellowrailwaytransportationoperators;andincollaborationwithnon-profitorganizations,thousandsoffreeridestounderprivilegedgroupsandfamilies.[84] Studentsatprimary,secondaryandtertiarylevellearnabouthigh-speedrailandTHSRCat"THSRCamps",heldinpartnershipwiththeRailwayCulturalSocietyofTaiwan,theNationalChiaoTungUniversityRailwayResearchSociety,andtheChinaYouthCorps.[84] Inpopularculture[edit] ThefirstfilmtofeatureTHSRprominentlywasthe2007TaiwanesemovieSummer'sTail,directedbyChengWen-tang(鄭文堂).[148] Railfan:TaiwanHighSpeedRail,a2007trainsimulatorvideogamedevelopedjointlybyTaiwanesecompanyActainmentandJapanesecompanyOngakukanonthebasisofthelatter'sTrainSimulatorseries,featuredrealvideoandwasthefirstTaiwanesegameforSonyComputerEntertainment'sPlayStation3system.[149] The"NationalGeographic"websitechosetravelbyTaiwan'shighspeedtrainasthe"Bestwintertrip”in2013.[150] Portals: Taiwan Trains Transport Seealso[edit] RailtransportinTaiwan TransportationinTaiwan Notes[edit] ^underaBOTconcessionuntil2067[1] ^Thesecodesareusedforstatisticalpurposes. ^3-digitnumbersindicatedailyservices,while4-digitnumbersindicateservicesonparticulardaysofaweek. ^Service696doesnotcallatNangang,terminatingatTaipei. ^SectionNorthboundService88xxskipsZuoying,departingfromTainan. ^Service203skipsNangang,departingfromTaipei. ^Services295and1202skipBanqiao. ^Service295callsatTaoyuan. ^Services203,295,1293and1202callatChiayi. ^Service1334doesnotcallatNangang,terminatingatTaipei. 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Furtherreading[edit] Hood,ChristopherP.(2006).Shinkansen–FromBulletTraintoSymbolofModernJapan.London:Routledge.ISBN 0-415-44409-8. Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoTaiwanHighSpeedRail. 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ThalysPBA,PBKA THSR700T SiemensVelaro 250–299 km/h(155–186 mph) AveliaLiberty ChinaStar,ChinaRailwayCRH1A,1B,1E,2A,2B,2E,2G,3A,5A,5E,5G,CR300AF,CR300BF,DJF2 ICE1,2,4(ICx) KTX-Eum NewPendolino RenfeClass120,121,130 Sapsan SBBRABe501,RABe503 ShinkansenSeries200,300,700,800,E2,E3,E7/W7 TCDDHT65000 TGVSud-Est(original),LaPoste V250 200–249 km/h(124–155 mph) Acela ACS-64 Adelante APT RenfeClass101 ChinaRailwayDJJ1,CRH6 ER200 GMBClass71(Flytoget) HHP-8 IC4 ICNG InterCity125,225 ICET,TD Javelin NSBClass73 NSBClass74 Pendolino Railjet Regina Shinkansenseries0,100,400,E1,E4 SBBRABDe500,RABDe502,RABe502,Re460 SC-44 SCB-40 X2000,SJX40 Z-TER(Z21500) Sokol BritishRailClasses800,801,802,803,805,807,810 TalgoXXI Voyager/Meridian X3 Experimentalandprototypehigh-speedtrains(category)High-speedrailwayline Listofhigh-speedrailwaylines BycountriesandterritoriesplannednetworksinitalicsAfrica Morocco Americas Argentina Brazil Canada Mexico UnitedStates Asia China HongKong India Indonesia Iran Iraq Japan Kazakhstan SouthKorea SaudiArabia Taiwan Thailand Turkey Uzbekistan Vietnam Europe Austria Belgium Croatia CzechRepublic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Italy Latvia Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Russia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey UnitedKingdom Oceania Australia Proposedhigh-speedrailbycountry vteHigh-speedrailwaylines High-speedrail High-speedrailbycountry Commons AfricaMorocco Casablanca–Tangier AsiaChina Coastalcorridor* Beijing–Shanghai Beijing–HongKong Harbin–HongKong(Macau) Guangzhou–HongKong Hohhot–Nanning Beijing–Kunming Lanzhou(Xining)–Guangzhou Suifenhe–Manzhouli Beijing–Lanzhou* Qingdao–Yinchuan Lianyungang–Ürümqi Shanghai–Chengdu Shanghai–Kunming Guangzhou–Kunming Japan HokkaidoShinkansen HokurikuShinkansen JōetsuShinkansen KyushuShinkansen NishiKyushuShinkansen San'yōShinkansen TōhokuShinkansen TōkaidōShinkansen SaudiArabia HaramainHSR SouthKorea GyeongbuHSRLine HonamHSRLine Suseo–PyeongtaekHSRLine GyeonggangLine(Wonju-Gangneung) JungangLine(Cheongnyangni-Dodam)* Taiwan TaiwanHSR Turkey Ankara–Istanbul Polatlı–Konya Konya–Karaman* Uzbekistan Tashkent–Samarkand Samarkand–Bukhara EuropeBelgium HSL1 HSL2 HSL3* HSL4 Denmark Copenhagen–Ringsted Finland Kerava-Lahti* St.Petersburg-Helsinki* France LGVAtlantique LGVBretagne-PaysdelaLoire LGVEst LGVInterconnexionEst LGVMéditerranée LGVNord LGVRhin-Rhône LGVRhône-Alpes LGVSud-Est LGVSudEuropeAtlantique LGVPerpignan–Barcelona* Germany Cologne–Düren* Cologne–Frankfurt Erfurt–Leipzig Hanover–Würzburg Mannheim–Stuttgart* Nuremberg–Ingolstadt Rastatt–Offenburg Wolfsburg–Berlin Greece Athens–Thessaloniki* Italy Bologna–Florence Florence–Rome Milan–Bologna Milan–Verona Naples–Salerno Rome–Naples Turin–Milan Netherlands HSL-Zuid Norway GardermoenLine PolandGrodzisk–Zawiercie*Russia Moscow–St.Petersburg* St.Petersburg-Helsinki* Spain AtlanticAxis Barcelona–Perpignan* Madrid–Barcelona Madrid–León Madrid–Malaga Madrid–Seville Madrid–Toledo Madrid–Levante SwedenBothniaLineUnitedKingdom HighSpeed1 NorthAmericaUnitedStatesNortheastCorridor*OceaniaNoneSouthAmericaNone *Anasteriskindicatesoverlapwithconventionalservices. vteFTSETWSETaiwan50companiesTechnology UMC(TWSE:2303) DeltaElectronics(TWSE:2308) ASE(TWSE:2311) HonHai(TWSE:2317) Compal(TWSE:2324) SPIL(TWSE:2325) Yageo(TWSE:2327) TSMC(TWSE:2330) 鴻準(TWSE:2354) Asus(TWSE:2357) Quanta(TWSE:2382) Advantech(TWSE:2395) NanyaTechnology(TWSE:2408) AUOptronics(TWSE:2409) MediaTek(TWSE:2454) Catcher(TWSE:2474) Largan(TWSE:3008) InnoLux(TWSE:3481) Pegatron(TWSE:4938) GIS-KY(TWSE:6456) Industry TaiwanCement(TWSE:1101) AsiaCement(TWSE:1102) Uni-President(TWSE:1216) FormosaPlasticsCorp(TWSE:1301) NanYaPlastics(TWSE:1303) FormosaChem&Fibre(TWSE:1326) FarEasternNewCentury(TWSE:1402) TaiwanHighSpeedRail(TWSE:2633) ChinaSteel(TWSE:2002) ChengShin(TWSE:2105) HotaiMotor(TWSE:2207) ChunghwaTelecom(TWSE:2412) PCSC(TWSE:2912) TaiwanMobile(TWSE:3045) FarEasTone(TWSE:4904) FormosaPetrochemical(TWSE:6505) PouChen(TWSE:9904) Financial ChangHwaBank(TWSE:2801) ChinaLife(TWSE:2823) HuaNanFinancialHoldings(TWSE:2880) FubonFinancialHoldingCo.(TWSE:2881) CathayFinancialHolding(TWSE:2882) ChinaDevelopmentFinancialHoldingCorporation(TWSE:2883) E.SUNFinancialHolding(TWSE:2884) YuantaFinancialHolding(TWSE:2885) MegaFinancialHolding(TWSE:2886) TaishinFinancialHoldings(TWSE:2887) BankSinoPac(TWSE:2890) CTBCFinancialHolding(TWSE:2891) FirstFinancialHolding(TWSE:2892) TaiwanCooperativeBank(TWSE:5880) Taiwan50(TWSE:0050) ·FBTaiwan50(TWSE:006208) vteTransportationinTaiwan MinistryofTransportationandCommunications(Taiwan) TaiwanTransportationSafetyBoard RoadRoadauthorities FreewayBureau DirectorateGeneralofHighways TopicsHighwaysysteminTaiwan VehicleregistrationplatesofTaiwan DrivinglicenseinTaiwanAviationAviationauthority CivilAeronauticsAdministration Airports Taipei–Taoyuan(TPE) Kaohsiung(KHH) Taipei–Songshan(TSA) Taichung(RMQ) Kinmen(KNH) Penghu(MZG) Tainan(TNN) Taitung(TTT) MatsuNangan(LZN) Hualien(HUN) MatsuBeigan(MFK) Chiayi(CYI) Lanyu(KYD) Lyudao(GNI) Qimei(CMJ) Wang'an(WOT) Hengchun(HCN) Majorairlines ChinaAirlines EVAAir DailyAir FarEasternAirTransport MandarinAirlines UniAir TigerairTaiwan MaritimePortauthority MaritimeandPortBureau Ports Anping Badouzi Baisha Bisha Chenggong Dafu Fugang Haishan Hsinchu Hualien Kaohsiung Keelung Magong Shen'ao Shuitou Su-ao Taichung Taipei Waipu Wanggong Wuqi Wushi Zhuwei Majorshippingfirms EvergreenMarine YangMingMarineTransportCorporation RailRailways TaiwanHighSpeedRail TaiwanRailwaysAdministration Transitsystems KaohsiungRapidTransit NewTaipeiMetro TaipeiMetro TaichungMetro TaoyuanMetro Biking TaiwanCyclingRouteNo.1 InstituteofTransportation Category Commons Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taiwan_High_Speed_Rail&oldid=1105536629" 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