Absent-mindedness - Wikipedia

Absent-mindedness is where a person shows inattentive or forgetful behavior. ... It can have three different causes: ... Absent-mindedness is a mental condition in ... Absent-mindedness FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Inattentiveorforgetfulbehavior Absent-mindednessiswhereapersonshowsinattentiveorforgetfulbehavior.[1]Itcanhavethreedifferentcauses: alowlevelofattention("blanking"or"zoningout") intenseattentiontoasingleobjectoffocus(hyperfocus)thatmakesapersonoblivioustoeventsaroundthem; unwarranteddistractionofattentionfromtheobjectoffocusbyirrelevantthoughtsorenvironmentalevents.[2] Absent-mindednessisamentalconditioninwhichthesubjectexperienceslowlevelsofattentionandfrequentdistraction.Absent-mindednessisnotadiagnosedconditionbutratherastatepeopleexperienceintheirdailylivesfromavarietyofdifferentcausesincludingboredom,sleepiness,orfocusoninternalthoughtsinsteadofexternalsurroundings.Whenexperiencingabsent-mindedness,peopletendtoshowsignsofmemorylapseandweakrecollectionofrecentlyoccurringevents.Thiscanusuallybearesultofavarietyofotherconditionsoftendiagnosedbyclinicianssuchasattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderanddepression.Inadditiontoabsent-mindednessleadingtoanarrayofconsequencesaffectingdailylife,itcanhavemoresevere,long-termproblems. Contents 1Conceptualization 2Causes 3Consequences 4Absent-mindednessinpopularculture 5Measurementandtreatment 6Mistakesandrelatedphenomena 7Seealso 8Footnotes 9Furtherreading 10Externallinks Conceptualization[edit] Absent-mindednessseeminglyconsistsoflapsesofconcentrationor"zoningout".Thiscanresultinlapsesofshortorlong-termmemory,dependingonwhenthepersoninquestionwasinastateofabsent-mindedness.[3]Absent-mindednessalsorelatesdirectlytolapsesinattention.SchachterandDodsenoftheHarvardPsychologydepartmentsay,thatinthecontextofmemory,"absent-mindednessentailsinattentiveorshallowprocessingthatcontributestoweakmemoriesofongoingeventsorforgettingtodothingsinthefuture".[3] Causes[edit] Thoughabsent-mindednessisafrequentoccurrence,therehasbeenlittleprogressmadeonwhatthedirectcausesofabsent-mindednessare.However,ittendstoco-occurwithillhealth,preoccupation,anddistraction.[4] Threepotentialcauses: alowlevelofattention("blanking"or"zoningout") intenseattentiontoasingleobjectoffocus(hyperfocus)thatmakesapersonoblivioustoeventsaroundthem; unwarranteddistractionofattentionfromtheobjectoffocusbyirrelevantthoughtsorenvironmentalevents. Absent-mindednessisalsonoticedasacommoncharacteristicofpersonalitieswithschizoidpersonalitydisorder. Consequences[edit] Lapsesofattentionareclearlyapartofeveryone'slife.Somearemerelyinconvenient,suchasmissingafamiliarturn-offonthehighway,whilesomeareextremelyserious,suchasfailuresofattentionthatcauseaccidents,injury,orlossoflife.[5]Sometimes,lapsesofattentioncanevenleadhugeimpactonpersonalbehaviourwhichdirectstothegoals.[6]Beyondtheobviouscostsofaccidentsarisingfromlapsesinattention,therearelosttime;efficiency;personalproductivity;andqualityoflife.Thesecanalsooccurinthelapseandrecaptureofawarenessandattentiontoeverydaytasks.Individualsforwhomintervalsbetweenlapsesareveryshortaretypicallyviewedasimpaired.[7]Giventheprevalenceofattentionalfailuresineverydaylife,andtheubiquitousandsometimesdisastrousconsequencesofsuchfailures,itisrathersurprisingthatrelativelylittleworkhasbeendonetodirectlymeasureindividualdifferencesineverydayerrorsarisingfrompropensitiesforfailuresofattention.[8]Absent-mindednesscanalsoleadtobadgradesatschool,boredom,anddepression.[5] Absent-mindednessinpopularculture[edit] Theabsent-mindedprofessorisastockcharacteroftendepictedinfictionalworks,usuallyasatalentedacademicwhosefocusonacademicmattersleadsthemtoignoreorforgettheirsurroundings.ThisstereotypicalviewcanbetracedbackasfarasthephilosopherThales,whoitissaid,"walkedatnightwithhiseyesfocusedontheheavensand,asaresult,felldownawell".[9][10]OneclassicexampleofthisisintheDisneyfilmTheAbsent-MindedProfessormadein1963andbasedontheshortstory"ASituationofGravity",bySamuelW.Taylor.TwoexamplesofthischaracterportrayedinmoremodernmediaincludedoctorEmmettBrownfromBacktotheFutureandProfessorFarnsworthofFuturama. Inliterature,"TheAbsent-MindedBeggar"isapoembyRudyardKipling,writtenin1899,[11]andwasdirectedattheabsent–mindednessofthepopulationofGreatBritaininignoringtheplightoftheirtroopsintheBoerWar.Thepoemillustratedthefactthatsoldierswhocouldnotreturntotheirpreviousjobsneededsupport,[12]andtheneedtoraisemoneytosupportthefightingtroops.ThepoemwasalsosettomusicbyGilbert&SullivanandacampaignraisedtosupporttheBritishtroops,especiallyontheirdepartureandreturn,andthesickandwounded.[13]FranzKafkaalsowrote"Absent-mindedWindow-gazing",oneofhisshort-storytitlesfromBetrachtung. Othercharactersinclude: AmberglasfromTheSevenTowersbyPatriciaWrede. Alicja,acharacterfromJoannaChmielewska'snovels.Alicjaisdescribedbytheauthoras"theepitomeofabsent-mindedness". Caboose,fromthewebseriesRedvs.BluebyRoosterTeeth.[14] HayLinisanabsent-mindedcharacterfromtheItaliancomicbookseriesW.I.T.C.H.,latermadeintoananimatedDisneyproduction. ProfessorCalculusinTheAdventuresofTintincomics. Measurementandtreatment[edit] Absent-mindednesscanbeavoidedorfixedinseveralways.Althoughitcan'tbeaccomplishedthroughmedicalprocedures,itcanbeaccomplishedthroughpsychologicaltreatments.Examplesinclude:alteringworkschedulestomakethemshorter,havingfrequentrestperiodsandutilizingadrowsy-operatorwarningdevice.[15] Absent-mindednessanditsrelatedtopicsareoftenmeasuredinscalesdevelopedinstudiestosurveyboredomandattentionlevels.Forinstance,theAttention-RelatedCognitiveErrorsScale(ARCES)reflectserrorsinperformancethatresultfromattentionlapses.Anotherscale,calledtheMindfulAttentionAwarenessScale(MAAS)measurestheabilitytomaintainareasonablelevelofattentionineverydaylife.TheBoredomPronenessScale(BPS)measuresthelevelofboredominrelationtotheattentionlevelofthesubject.[16] Mistakesandrelatedphenomena[edit] Absent-mindednesscanleadtoautomaticbehaviorsorautomatisms.Additionally,absent-mindedactionscaninvolvebehavioralmistakes.AphenomenoncalledAttention-LapseInducedAlienationoccurswhenapersonmakesamistakewhileabsent-minded.Thepersonthenattributesthemistaketotheirhandratherthantheirself,becausetheywerenotpayingattention.[17] Anotherrelatedtopictoabsent-mindednessisdaydreaming.Itmaybebeneficialtodifferentiatebetweenthesetwotopics.Daydreamingcanbeviewedasacopingordefensemechanism.Asopposedtoinattentiveness,daydreamingisawayforemotionstobeexploredandevenexpressedthroughfantasy.Itmayevenbringattentiontopreviouslyexperiencesproblemsorcircumstances.Itisalsoawaytobringaboutcreativity.[18] Seealso[edit] ADHDpredominantlyinattentive Absent-mindedprofessor Habit(psychology) Humanreliability Mind-wandering Attentionalshift Defaultmodenetwork Highwayhypnosis Footnotes[edit] ^"absent-minded".Oxforddictionaries.Retrieved5August2011. ^"absentmindedness".Retrieved12July2011. ^abSchacter,D.;Dodson,C.(2001)."Misattribution,falserecognitionandthesinsofmemory".PhilosophicalTransactionsoftheRoyalSocietyB.356(1413):1385–1393.doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0938.PMC 1088522.PMID 11571030. ^Reason,J.;Lucas,D.(1984)."Absent-mindednessinshops:Itsincidence,correlatesandconsequences".BritishJournalofClinicalPsychology.23(2):121–131.doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1984.tb00635.x.PMID 6722376. ^abCarriere,J.S.A.;Cheyne,J.A.;Smilek,D.(2008)."EverydayAttentionLapsesandMemoryFailures:TheAffectiveConsequencesofMindlessness".ConsciousnessandCognition.17(3):835–47.doi:10.1016/j.concog.2007.04.008.PMID 17574866.S2CID 15639587. ^Weissman,D.H.;Roberts,K.C.;Visscher,K.M.;Woldorff,M.G.(July2006)."Theneuralbasesofmomentarylapsesinattention".NatureNeuroscience.9(7):971–978.doi:10.1038/nn1727.ISSN 1546-1726.PMID 16767087.S2CID 14129984. ^Robertson,I.H.(2003)."Theabsentmindattentionanderror".ThePsychologist.16(9):476–479. ^Giambra,L.M.(1995)."Alaboratorymethodforinvestigatinginfluencesonswitchingattentiontotask-unrelatedimageryandthought".ConsciousnessandCognition.4(1):1–21.doi:10.1006/ccog.1995.1001.PMID 7497092.S2CID 2271464. ^O'Grady,Patricia(17September2004)."ThalesofMiletus(c.620BCE–c.546BCE)".InternetEncyclopaediaofPhilosophy,apeer-reviewedacademicresource.IEP.ISSN 2161-0002.Archivedfromtheoriginalon29June2011.Retrieved5August2011.InTheaetetus(174A)PlatohadSocratesrelateastorythatThaleswassointentuponwatchingthestarsthathefailedtowatchwherehewaswalking,andfellintoawell ^DiogenesLaërtius,LivesoftheEminentPhilosophers,"Thales" ^Fowler,Simon."TheAbsent-MindedBeggar":anintroduction,FowlerHistorysite,2001,accessed5August2011 ^Letterdated9October1899from"ActanonVerba",TheTimes,19October1899 ^Cannon,John."FollowingtheAbsent-mindedBeggar",GilbertandSullivanNews,Autumn2010,Vol.IV,No.12,pp.10–12 ^Burns,Bernie."RoosterTeethProductions".Redvs.Blue. ^Wallace,J.;Vodanovich,S.;Restino,B.(2002)."Predictingcognitivefailuresfromboredompronenessanddaytimesleepinessscores:Aninvestigationwithinmilitaryandundergraduatesamples".PersonalityandIndividualDifferences.34(4):635–644.doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00050-8. ^Cheyne,J.;Carriere,J.;Smilek,D.(2006)."Absent-mindedness:Lapsesofconsciousawarenessandeverydaycognitivefailures".ConsciousnessandCognition.15(3):578–592.doi:10.1016/j.concog.2005.11.009.PMID 16427318.S2CID 5516349. ^Cheyne,J.Carriere;Smilek,D.(2009)."Absentmindsandabsentagents:Attentionlapse-inducedalienationofagency".ConsciousnessandCognition.18(2):481–493.doi:10.1016/j.concog.2009.01.005.PMID 19264515.S2CID 8821539. ^Kanter,Steve(January1982)."DivergentThinkingAbilitiesasaFunctionofDaydreamingFrequency".JournalfortheEducationoftheGifted.5(1):12–23.doi:10.1177/016235328200500103.ISSN 0162-3532. Furtherreading[edit] Reason,J.T.(1982).Absent-minded?ThePsychologyofMentalLapsesandEverydayErrors.EnglewoodCliffs:Prentice-Hall. Reason,J.T.(1984).Lapsesofattentionineverydaylife.InR.Parasuraman&D.R.Davies(Eds.),Varietiesofattention.NewYork:AcademicPress. Reason,J.T.(1990).HumanError.Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress. Schacter,D.L.1983.Amnesiaobserved:Rememberingandforgettinginanaturalenvironment.JournalofAbnormalPsychology,92,236-42. J.E.Harris(1984).EverydayMemory,ActionsandAbsentMindedness.ISBN 978-0123276407. Externallinks[edit] Lookupabsent-mindednessinWiktionary,thefreedictionary. Oops!TheAbsentandWanderingMind,UniversityofWaterloo vteHumanmemoryBasicconcepts Encoding Storage Recall Attention Consolidation Neuroanatomy TypesSensory Echoic Eidetic Eyewitness Haptic Iconic Motorlearning Visual Short-term "TheMagicalNumberSeven,PlusorMinusTwo" Workingmemory Long-term Activerecall Autobiographical Explicit Declarative Episodic Semantic Flashbulb Hyperthymesia Implicit Meaningfullearning Personal-event Procedural Rotelearning Selectiveretention Tipofthetongue Forgetting Amnesia anterograde childhood post-traumatic psychogenic retrograde selective transientglobal Decaytheory Forgettingcurve Interferencetheory Memoryinhibition Motivatedforgetting Repressedmemory Retrieval-inducedforgetting Weaponfocus Memoryerrors Confabulation Cryptomnesia Hindsightbias Imaginationinflation Memorybiases Memoryconformity Misattributionofmemory Misinformationeffect Source-monitoringerror Falsememory Deese–Roediger–McDermottparadigm Falsememorysyndrome Memoryimplantation Lostinthemalltechnique Recovered-memorytherapy Researchmethods Exceptionalmemory Indirecttestsofmemory Memorydisorder Ingroups Collectivememory Politicsofmemory Culturalmemory Memoryandsocialinteractions Memoryconformity Transactivememory Othertopics Aging Artofmemory chunking mnemonic Effectsofalcohol Effectsofexercise Emotion Memoryimprovement Sleep Trauma Insociety Memorysport WorldMemoryChampionships ShasPollak Related Absent-mindedness Atkinson–Shiffrinmemorymodel Context-dependent&state-dependentmemory Childhoodmemory Exosomaticmemory Freerecall Intermediate-termmemory Involuntarymemory flashbacks LevelsofProcessingmodel Metamemory Musclememory Priming intertrial Prospective&retrospectivememory TheSevenSinsofMemory PeopleResearchers RichardC.Atkinson RobertA.Bjork StephenJ.Ceci SusanClancy HermannEbbinghaus SigmundFreud PatriciaGoldman-Rakic IvanIzquierdo MarciaK.Johnson EricKandel ElizabethLoftus GeoffreyLoftus JamesMcGaugh EleanorMaguire GeorgeArmitageMiller BrendaMilner LynnNadel HenryL.RoedigerIII DanielSchacter RichardShiffrin ArthurP.Shimamura LarrySquire SusumuTonegawa AnneTreisman EndelTulving RobertStickgold Patients HM KC CliveWearing Other JonathanHancock PaulR.McHugh DominicO'Brien BenPridmore CosmosRossellius AndriySlyusarchuk  Psychologyportal  Philosophyportal Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Absent-mindedness&oldid=1098663293" Categories:AttentionPersonalitytraitsHiddencategories:ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionmatchesWikidata Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages DeutschEspañolBahasaIndonesiaעבריתOʻzbekcha/ўзбекчаРусскийSuomiTürkçe Editlinks