IMDb - Wikipedia

IMDb is an online database of information related to films, television series, home videos, ... The IMDb Top 250 is a list of the top rated 250 films, based on ratings ... IMDb FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Onlinedatabaseofinformationrelatedtofilms,televisionseries,andvideogames Forthedatabasesystem,seeIn-memorydatabase.FortheMalaysiansovereignwealthfund,see1MDB. IMDbScreenshot IMDbhomepageasofMarch2021TypeofsiteDatabaseAvailable inEnglishOwnerAmazonFounder(s)ColNeedhamSubsidiariesBoxOfficeMojoURLwww.imdb.comCommercialYesRegistrationOptionalLaunchedOctober 17,1990;31yearsago (1990-10-17)Current statusActiveContentlicenseProprietary[1] IMDb(anabbreviationofInternetMovieDatabase)[2]isanonlinedatabaseofinformationrelatedtofilms,televisionseries,homevideos,videogames,andstreamingcontentonline–includingcast,productioncrewandpersonalbiographies,plotsummaries,trivia,ratings,andfanandcriticalreviews.IMDbbeganasafan-operatedmoviedatabaseontheUsenetgroup"rec.arts.movies"in1990,andmovedtotheWebin1993.ItisnowownedandoperatedbyIMDb.com,Inc.,asubsidiaryofAmazon. AsofMarch 2022,[update]thedatabasecontainedsome10.1milliontitles(includingtelevisionepisodes)and11.5millionpersonrecords.[3]Additionally,thesitehad83millionregisteredusers.Thesite'swell-usedmessageboardsweredisabledinFebruary2017. Contents 1Features 2History 2.1Historybeforewebsite 2.2Ontheweb 2.3Asanindependentcompany 2.4AsAmazon.comsubsidiary(1998–present) 3IMDbPro 4Characterfilmographies 5Streamingservices 6Contentandformat 6.1Dataprovidedbysubjects 6.2Copyright,vandalismanderrorissues 6.3Dataformatandaccess 6.4Filmtitles 7Ancillaryfeatures 7.1Userratingsoffilms 7.1.1Rankings 7.2Referenceview 7.3Messageboards 8Statistics 9Litigation 10Birthnamespublicationpolicy 11Seealso 12References 13Externallinks Features[edit] ThetitleandtalentpagesofIMDbareaccessibletoallusers,butonlyregisteredandlogged-inuserscansubmitnewmaterialandsuggesteditstoexistingentries.Mostofthesite'sdatahasbeenprovidedbythesevolunteers.Registereduserswithaproventrackrecordareabletoaddandmakecorrectionstocastlists,credits,andsomeotherdatapoints.However,theadditionandremovalofimages,andalterationstotitles,castandcrewnames,characternames,andplotsummariesaresubjecttoanapprovalprocess;thisusuallytakesbetween24and72hours. Registereduserscanchoosetheirusername,andmostarepseudonymous.Thereisnosingleindexofcontributors,noindexoneachprofilepageoftheitemscontributed,and—exceptforplotsynopsesandbiographies—noidentificationofcontributorstoeachproduct'sorperson'sdatapages.Usersarealsoinvitedtoratetitlesonascaleof1to10,andthetotalsareconvertedintoaweightedmean-rating,withfiltersinplacetomitigateballot-stuffing. Userprofilepagesshowauser'sregistrationdateand,optionally,theirpersonalratingsoftitles.Since2015,"badges"canbeaddedshowingacountofcontributions.Thesebadgesrangefromtotalcontributionsmadetoindependentcategoriessuchasphotos,trivia,andbiographies.IfaregistereduserorvisitorisintheentertainmentindustryandhasanIMDbpage,theycanaddphotosthroughIMDbPRO.[4] History[edit] Historybeforewebsite[edit] IMDboriginatedin1990withaUsenetpostingentitled"ThoseEyes",bytheEnglishfilmfanandcomputerprogrammerColNeedham,[5]aboutactresseswithbeautifuleyes.Otherswithsimilarinterestssoonrespondedwithadditionsordifferentlistsoftheirown.Needhamsubsequentlystartedan"ActorsList",whileDaveKnightbegana"DirectorsList",andAndyKriegtookover"THELIST"fromHankDriskill,whichwouldlaterberenamedthe"ActressList".Bothlistshadbeenrestrictedtopeoplewhowerealiveandworking,butsoonretiredpeoplewereadded,soNeedhamstartedwhatwasthen(butdidnotremain)aseparate"DeadActors/ActressesList".SteveHammondstartedcollectingandmergingcharacternamesforboththeactorsandactresseslists.Whentheseachievedpopularity,theyweremergedbackintotheliststhemselves.Thegoaloftheparticipantsnowwastomakethelistsasinclusiveaspossible. Bylate1990,thelistsincludedalmost10,000 filmsandtelevisionseries,correlatedwithactorsandactressesappearingtherein.OnOctober17,1990,NeedhamdevelopedandpostedacollectionofUnixshellscriptsthatcouldbeusedtosearchthefourlists,andthusthedatabasethatwouldbecometheIMDbwasborn.[6]Atthetime,itwasknownasthe"rec.arts.moviesmoviedatabase". Ontheweb[edit] Thedatabasehadbeenexpandedtoincludeadditionalcategoriesoffilmmakersandotherdemographicmaterialaswellastrivia,biographies,andplotsummaries.Themovieratingshadbeenproperlyintegratedwiththelistdata,andacentralizedemailinterfaceforqueryingthedatabasehadbeencreatedbyAlanJay.Later,in1993,itmovedontothefledglingWorldWideWebunderthenameofCardiffInternetMovieDatabase.[7]ThedatabaseresidedontheserversofthecomputersciencedepartmentofCardiffUniversityinWales.RobHartillwastheoriginalwebinterfaceauthor.In1994,theemailinterfacewasrevisedtoacceptthesubmissionofallinformation,whichenabledpeopletoemailthespecificlistmaintainerwiththeirupdates.However,thestructureremainedsothatinformationreceivedonasinglefilmwasdividedamongmultiplesectionmanagers,thesectionsbeingdefinedanddeterminedbycategoriesoffilmpersonnelandtheindividualfilmographiescontainedtherein.Overthenextfewyears,thedatabasewasrunonanetworkofmirrorsacrosstheworldwithdonatedbandwidth.[8] Asanindependentcompany[edit] In1996IMDbwasincorporatedintheUnitedKingdom,becomingtheInternetMovieDatabaseLtd.FounderCol Needhambecametheprimaryowner.Generalrevenueforsiteoperationswasgeneratedthroughadvertising,licensingandpartnerships.[9] AsAmazon.comsubsidiary(1998–present)[edit] In1998,JeffBezos,founder,owner,andCEOofAmazon.com,struckadealwithNeedhamandotherprincipalshareholderstobuyIMDboutright;Amazonpaid$55millionforIMDbandtwoothercompanies.[10]BezosattachedittoAmazonasasubsidiary,privatecompany.[11]ThisgaveIMDbtheabilitytopaytheshareholderssalariesfortheirwork.Intheprocessofexpandingitsproductline,Amazon.comintendedtouseIMDbasanadvertisingresourceforsellingDVDsandvideotapes. IMDbcontinuedtoexpanditsfunctionality.OnJanuary15,2002,itaddedasubscriptionserviceknownasIMDbPro,aimedatentertainmentprofessionals.IMDbProwasannouncedandlaunchedatthe2002SundanceFilmFestival.Itprovidesavarietyofservicesincludingfilmproductionandboxofficedetails,acompanydirectory,andtheabilityofsubscriberstoaddpersonalinformationpages. From1996onwards,anannualnewsletteremail(archivedonthewebsite)hasbeensentfromColNeedhamtocontributorsonthefirstdayofeachcalendaryear.Theannualnewsletterlistsvariousinformationaboutthepastyearonthesite,includingstats,topcontributorstallyfortheyear(thetop300users,currently;fewerinpreviousyears),andaperspectiveonthesite'sprogressandfuture.[12][13][14] Asanadditionalincentiveforusers,asof2003[update],usersidentifiedasoneofthe"top100 contributors"ofharddatareceivedcomplimentaryfreeaccesstoIMDbProforthefollowingcalendaryear;for2006thiswasincreasedtothetop 150contributors,andfor2010tothetop 250.[15] In2008,IMDblaunchedtheirfirstofficialforeign-languageversionwithIMDb.de,inGerman.Alsoin2008,IMDbacquiredtwoothercompanies:Withoutabox[16]andBoxOfficeMojo.[17] ThewebsitewasoriginallyPerl-based,butIMDbnolongerdiscloseswhatsoftwareitusesforreasonsofsecurity.[18]In2010,thesitewasfilteredinChina.[19] In2016,TheIMDbStudioatSundancewaslaunched,atalkshowthatispresentedonIMDbandYouTube.[20][21] InApril2017,IMDbcelebratedits25thanniversary.Asofthatyear,NeedhamwasstillmanagingIMDbfromitsmainofficeinBristolintheCastlemeadofficetower.[22] IMDbPro[edit] Actors,crew,andindustryexecutivescanposttheirownresumeanduploadphotosofthemselvesforayearlymembershipfeetoIMDbPro.IMDbProcanbeaccessedbyanyonewillingtopaytheannualfeeofUS$149.99.Membershipenablesausertoaccesstherankorderofeachindustrypersonality,aswellasagentcontactinformationforanyactor,producer,directoretc.thathasanIMDbpage.IMDbProalsoallowsexistingactorstoclaimtheirnamepage.EnrollinginIMDbProenablesmemberswhoareindustrypersonneltouploadaheadshottoopentheirpage,aswellastouploadhundredsofphotostoaccompanytheirpage.AnyonecanregisterasanIMDbuserandcontributetothesiteaswellasviewitscontent;however,thoseusersenrolledinIMDbProhavegreateraccessandprivileges.[23] Characterfilmographies[edit] OnOctober2,2007,[citationneeded]characterfilmographieswereadded.Characterentriesarecreatedfromcharacterlistingsinthemainfilmographydatabase,andassuchdonotneedanyadditionalverificationbyIMDbstaff.Theyhavealreadybeenverifiedwhentheyareaddedtothemainfilmography. Streamingservices[edit] Mainarticle:AmazonFreevee InJanuary2019,IMDblaunchedanad-supportedstreamingservicecalledFreedive.[24]Thiswasthecompany'ssecondattemptatastreamingservice;itlaunchedasimilarservicein2008.[25][26]InJune2019,FreedivewasrebrandedasIMDbTV.[27]InApril2022,theservicewasrebrandedagainasAmazonFreevee.[28] Contentandformat[edit] Dataprovidedbysubjects[edit] In2006,IMDbintroducedits"RésuméSubscriptionService",whereanactororcrewmembercanposttheirrésuméanduploadphotos[29]forayearlyfee.[30]IMDbrésumépagesarekeptonasub-pageoftheregularentryaboutthatperson,witharegularentryautomaticallycreatedforeachrésumésubscriberwhodoesnotalreadyhaveone.[31] Asof2012,ResumeServiceswasincludedaspartofanIMDbProsubscriptionandisnolongerofferedasaseparatesubscriptionservice. Copyright,vandalismanderrorissues[edit] Allvolunteerswhocontributecontenttothedatabasetechnicallyretaincopyrightontheircontributions,butthecompilationofthecontentbecomestheexclusivepropertyofIMDbwiththefullrighttocopy,modify,andsublicenseit,andtheyareverifiedbeforeposting.[32]Creditisnotgivenonspecifictitleorfilmographypagestothecontributor(s)whohaveprovidedinformation.Conversely,acreditedtextentry,suchasaplotsummary,maybecorrectedforcontent,grammar,sentencestructure,perceivedomissionorerror,byothercontributorswithouthavingtoaddtheirnamesasco-authors.Duetothetimerequiredforprocessingsubmitteddataortextbeforeitisdisplayed,IMDbisdifferentfromuser-contributedprojectslikeDiscogs,orOpenStreetMap,orWikipedia,inthatcontributorscannotadd,delete,ormodifythedataortextonimpulse,andthemanipulationofdataiscontrolledbyIMDbtechnologyandsalariedstaff.[33] IMDbhasbeensubjecttodeliberateadditionsoffalseinformation;in2012aspokespersonsaid:"Wemakeiteasyforusersandprofessionalstoupdatemuchofourcontent,whichiswhywehavean'editpage.'Thedatathatissubmittedgoesthroughaseriesofconsistencychecksbeforeitgoeslive.Giventhesheervolumeoftheinformation,occasionalmistakesareinevitable,and,whenreported,theyarepromptlyfixed.Wealwayswelcomecorrections."[34] TheJavaMovieDatabase(JMDB)[35]isreportedlycreatinganIMDb_Error.logfilethatlistsalltheerrorsfoundwhileprocessingtheIMDbplaintextfiles.AWikialternativetoIMDbisOpenMediaDatabase[36]whosecontentisalsocontributedbyusersbutlicensedunderaCreativeCommonslicense(CCBY)andtheGFDL.Since2007,IMDbhasbeenexperimentingwithwiki-programmedsectionsforcompletefilmsynopses,parentalguides,andFAQsabouttitlesasdeterminedby(andansweredby)individualcontributors. Dataformatandaccess[edit] IMDbdoesnotprovideanAPIforautomatedqueries.However,mostofthedatacanbedownloadedascompressedplaintextfilesandtheinformationcanbeextractedusingthecommand-lineinterfacetoolsprovided.[37]ThereisalsoaJava-basedgraphicaluserinterface(GUI)applicationavailablethatisabletoprocessthecompressedplaintextfiles,whichallowsasearchandadisplayoftheinformation.[35]ThisGUIapplicationsupportsdifferentlanguages,butthemovierelateddataareinEnglish,asmadeavailablebyIMDb.APythonpackagecalledIMDbPYcanalsobeusedtoprocessthecompressedplaintextfilesintoanumberofdifferentSQLdatabases,enablingeasieraccesstotheentiredatasetforsearchingordatamining.[38] Filmtitles[edit] TheIMDbhassitesinEnglishaswellasversionstranslatedcompletelyorinpartintootherlanguages(Danish,Finnish,French,German,Hungarian,Italian,Polish,Portuguese,SpanishandRomanian).Thenon-Englishlanguagesitesdisplayfilmtitlesinthespecifiedlanguage.Originally,IMDb'sEnglishlanguagesitesdisplayedtitlesaccordingtotheiroriginalcountry-of-originlanguage,however,in2010IMDbbeganallowingindividualusersintheUKandUSAtochooseprimarytitledisplaybyeithertheoriginal-languagetitles,ortheUSorUKreleasetitle(normally,inEnglish). Ancillaryfeatures[edit] Userratingsoffilms[edit] Asoneadjuncttodata,theIMDboffersaratingscalethatallowsuserstoratefilmsonascaleofonetoten. IMDbindicatesthatsubmittedratingsarefilteredandweightedinvariouswaystoproduceaweightedmeanthatisdisplayedforeachfilm,series,andsoon.Itstatesthatfiltersareusedtoavoidballotstuffing;themethodisnotdescribedindetailtoavoidattemptstocircumventit.Infact,itsometimesproducesanextremedifferencebetweentheweightedaverageandthearithmeticmean. Rankings[edit] TheIMDbTop250isalistofthetoprated250films,basedonratingsbytheregisteredusersofthewebsiteusingthemethodsdescribed.Asof22 February 2022[update],TheShawshankRedemption,directedbyFrankDarabont,isNo.1onthelist,andhasbeensince2008.[39][40][41]The"Top 250"ratingisbasedononlytheratingsof"regularvoters".Thenumberofvotesaregistereduserwouldhavetomaketobeconsideredasauserwhovotesregularlyhasbeenkeptsecret.IMDbhasstatedthattomaintaintheeffectivenessoftheTop 250listthey"deliberatelydonotdisclosethecriteriausedforapersontobecountedasaregularvoter".[42]Inadditiontootherweightings,theTop 250filmsarealsobasedonaweightedratingformulareferredtoinactuarialscienceasacredibilityformula.[43]Thislabelarisesbecauseastatisticistakentobemorecrediblethegreaterthenumberofindividualpiecesofinformation;inthiscasefromeligibleuserswhosubmitratings.Althoughthecurrentformulaisnotdisclosed,IMDboriginallyusedthefollowingformulatocalculatetheirweightedrating:[44] W =   R ⋅ v + C ⋅ m   v + m {\displaystyleW={\frac{\R\cdotv+C\cdotm\}{v+m}}} where: Wistheweightedrating; Risthemeanratingforthemovie,from1to10; visthenumberofvotesforthemovie; mistheminimumvotesrequiredtobelistedintheTop250(currently[when?]25,000);and Cisthemeanvoteacrossthewholereport(currently[when?]7.0). ThevariableWinthisformulaisequivalenttoaBayesianposteriormean(seeBayesianstatistics).[citationneeded] TheIMDbalsohasaBottom 100featurewhichisassembledthroughasimilarprocessalthoughonly10,000 votesmustbereceivedtoqualifyforthelist.[45] TheTop 250listcomprisesawiderangeoffeaturefilms,includingmajorreleases,cultfilms,independentfilms,criticallyacclaimedfilms,silentfilms,andnon-English-languagefilms.Documentaries,shortfilmsandTV episodesarenotcurrentlyincluded. Since2015,therehasbeenaTop 250listdevotedtorankingtelevisionshows.[46] Referenceview[edit] IMDboriginallyusedamoresidebar/list-basedviewontitlepages.However,in2010thesiteupdatedpagestomorefree-flowinglayouts,andofferedlogged-inusersan"advancedview"sitepreferencesettingcalled"Combinedview",orthiscouldbedoneonanad-hocbasisbysimplyadding/combinedtotheendoftheURL(e.g.https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2358891/combined),foruserstochooseshouldtheyprefertheolderpageviewdisplaymethodortoaidtheeditingofdata. In2017,somealterationsweremadetothisadvancedview,andthesettingwasrenamed"Referenceview",againalsoabletobeaccessedad-hocbysimplyadding/referencetotheendoftheURL(e.g.https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2358891/reference),withtheformer/combinedURLsmadetolinktothenewer/referenceones.[47] Messageboards[edit] Beginningin2001,theInternetMovieDatabasealsomaintainedmessageboardsforeverytitle(excepting,asof2013[update],TVepisodes)[48]andnameentry,alongwithover140mainboards.Topostonthemessageboardsauserneededto"authenticate"theiraccountviacellphone,creditcard,orbyhavingbeenarecentcustomeroftheparentcompanyAmazon.com.Messageboardsexpandedinrecentyears.TheSoapboxstartedin1999asageneralmessageboardmeantfordebatesonanysubjects.ThePoliticsboardstartedin2007wasamessageboardtodiscusspolitics,newsevents,andcurrentaffairs,aswellashistoryandeconomics.[citationneeded] ByFebruary20,2017,allthemessageboardsandtheircontentwerepermanentlyremoved.Accordingtothewebsite,thedecisionwasmadebecausetheboardswere"nolongerprovidingapositive,usefulexperienceforthevastmajorityofourmorethan250 millionmonthlyusersworldwide",[49]andothershavementioneditssusceptibilitytotrollinganddisagreeablebehavior.[50][51][52]ColNeedhamalsomentionedinapostsomemonthsearlierthattheboardsreceivedlessincomefromads,andthattheirmembersonlymadeupaverysmallpartofthewebsite'svisitors.Theboardswerecostlytorunduetothesystem'sageanddateddesign,whichdidnotmakebusinesssense.[53]Thedecisiontoremovethemessageboardswasmetwithoutspokenbacklashfromsomeofitsusers,andsparkedanonlinepetitiongarneringover8,000 signatures.[54]InthedaysleadinguptoFebruary20,2017,bothArchive.org[55]andMovieChat.org[56]preservedtheentirecontentsoftheIMDbmessageboardsusingwebscraping.Archive.organdMovieChat.orghavepublishedIMDbmessageboardarchives,whichislegalunderthefairusedoctrine,becauseithasnoeffectonIMDb'spotentialmarketfororvalueofthecopyrightedwork.[57][58] Statistics[edit] AsofMarch 2022[update],IMDbhasthefollowingstatistics:[3] Type Titles Featurefilm 605,284 Shortfilm 862,336 TVseries 222,655 TVepisode 6,599,775 TVmovie 135,661 TVspecial 36,418 TVmini-series 42,778 TVshort 10,352 Video 348,229 Videogame 30,768 Litigation[edit] In2011,inthecaseofHoangv.Amazon.com,Inc.,IMDbwassuedbyananonymousactressformorethanUS$1,000,000duetoIMDb'srevealingherage(40,atthetime).[59]Theactressclaimedthatrevealingheragecouldcausehertoloseactingopportunities.[60]JudgeMarshaJ.Pechman,aUSdistrictjudgeinSeattle,dismissedthelawsuit,sayingtheactresshadnogroundstoproceedwithananonymouscomplaint.Theactressre-filedandsorevealedthatshewasHuongHoangofTexas,whousesthestagenameJunieHoang.[61]In2013,PechmandismissedallcausesofactionexceptforabreachofcontractclaimagainstIMDb;ajurythensidedwithIMDbonthatclaim.[62]TheCourtofAppealsfortheNinthCircuitaffirmedthedistrictcourtjudgmentinMarch2015.[63] Alsoin2011,inthecaseofUnitedVideoPropertiesInc.,etal.v.Amazon.ComInc.etal.,[64]IMDbandAmazonweresuedbyRoviCorporationandothersforpatentinfringementovertheirvariousprogramlistingofferings.[65]ThepatentclaimswereultimatelyconstruedinawayfavorabletoIMDb,andRovi/UnitedVideoPropertieslostthecase.[66]InApril2014,thedecisionwasaffirmedbytheU.S.CourtofAppeals.[67] OnJanuary1,2017,theStateofCaliforniaimplementedstatebillAB-1687,aSAG-AFTRA-backedanti-ageismstatutewhichrequires"commercialonlineentertainmentemploymentservices"tohonorrequestsbytheirsubscribersfortheiragesandbirthdaystobehidden.[68]Bythebeginningof2017,IMDbhadreceivedmorethan2,300 requestsfromindividualstoremovetheirdateofbirthfromthesite.Includedinthisgroupwere10 AcademyAwardwinnersandanother71nominatedforOscars,Emmys,orGoldenGlobes.[69]OnFebruary23,2017,JudgeVinceGirdhariChhabriaissuedastayonthebillpendingafurthertrial,claimingthatitpossiblyviolatedtheFirstAmendmentbecauseitinhibitedthepublicconsumptionofinformation.Healsoquestionedtheintentofthebill,asitwasostensiblymeanttotargetIMDb.[70] Birthnamespublicationpolicy[edit] IMDbhadlongmaintainedthatitwouldkeepallvalidinformation,butchangedthatpolicyrelatedtobirthnamesonAugust12,2019.IMDbwillnowremovebirthnamesthatarenotwidelyandpubliclyknown,ofpersonswhonolongerusetheirbirthnames.[71]ThiswasdoneinresponsetopressurefromLGBTQgroupsagainstthepublicationoftransgenderbirthnameswithouttheirconsent,whichiscalled"deadnaming".Anynameapersonhadpreviouslybeencreditedunder,however,continuestobemaintainedinthecreditssection.[71] Seealso[edit] Internetportal Filmportal Televisionportal UnitedKingdomportal Companiesportal AllMediaNetwork –acommercialdatabasecombininginformationfromtheolderAllMovieandAllMusicsites Animator.ru Bibliographicdatabase(InternetBookDatabase;IBookDb) BigCartoonDataBase(BCDB) DBCultFilmInstitute Discogs –musicreleasereferenceguideandsalessite Douban Filmweb FindAnyFilm Flickchart Goodreads GrandComicsDatabase InternetAdultFilmDatabase InternetMovieCarsDatabase(IMCDb) InternetMovieFirearmsDatabase(IMFDb) InternetBroadwayDatabase(IBDb) InternetOff-BroadwayDatabase(IOBDb) InternetSpeculativeFictionDatabase(ISFDb) InternetTheatreDatabase(ITDb) Letterboxd Metacritic OpenMovieDatabase(OMDb) RottenTomatoes TheNumbers TheTVDB References[edit] ^"ConditionsofUse".IMDb.RetrievedJanuary3,2022. ^"IMDb|History,Features,&Facts".EncyclopædiaBritannica.RetrievedOctober27,2020. ^ab"PressRoom".IMDb.RetrievedMay11,2022. ^"Submissionguideforusers".HelpCenter.IMDb. ^Dalton,Jeff(March1,1990)."Re:FrequentlyAskedQuestionsList(2/28/90)".Newsgroup: rec.arts.movies.RetrievedAugust13,2019. ^Chmielewski,DawnC.(January19,2013)."ColNeedhamcreatedIMDb".LosAngelesTimes. ^"HistoricalInternetMovieDatabaseSite".CardiffSchoolofComputerScience&Informatics.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonMarch24,2013.RetrievedMarch21,2013. ^"IMDBHistory".IMDb. ^"IMDb|Help".IMDb. ^"AmazonComInc–'8-K'for4/27/98–EX-99.2".SECInfo.April27,1998.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJanuary1,2016.RetrievedMarch23,2017. ^"InternetbooksellerAmazon.comannouncesacquisitionofUnitedKingdomcompanyTheInternetMovieDatabaseLtd"(Pressrelease).IMDb.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJune3,2012.RetrievedSeptember18,2020–viaPRNewswireEurope. ^Needham,Col."IMDbContribution:TopContributormessages".IMDb.RetrievedJanuary1,2022. ^Needham,Col(January1,2022)."IMDb-Bestof2021".IMDb.RetrievedJanuary1,2022. ^Needham,Col(January1,2022)."IMDb-HappyNewYearfromIMDb/2021yearendtotals(withtop300contributors)".IMDb.RetrievedJanuary1,2022. ^Needham,Col(January1,2011)."Top 250contributorsfor2010".IMD;announcement.IMDb.RetrievedAugust25,2011. ^Ng,David(October19,2018)."Amazon-ownedIMDbendingfilmfestivalsubmissionplatformWithoutabox".LosAngelesTimes.RetrievedJune13,2019. ^"Amazon'sIMDBAcquiresBoxOfficeMojo;WillAddBoxOfficeDataToService".CBSNews.RetrievedJune13,2019. ^"WhatsoftwareareyouusingtorunIMDb?".IMDb.2017.RetrievedNovember16,2017. ^Chacksfield,Marc(January14,2010)."Chinablocksnumber-onemoviesiteIMDb".TechRadar.2012FutureUS,Inc. ^"TheIMDbStudioatSundance".IMDb.January22,2016.RetrievedDecember25,2020. ^Sundance2020(video).YouTube.IMDb. ^Jones,Craig(April13,2017)."ThestorybehindBristol-basedIMDbastheycelebratetheir25thanniversary".TheBristolPost.RetrievedMay9,2021. ^"IMDbProsignup".IMDb. ^Mehta,Ivan(January11,2019)."Amazon'snewIMDbFreediveservicestreamsad-supportedmoviesandTVshowsintheUS".TheNextWeb.RetrievedJanuary11,2019. ^Hoffman,Harrison(September15,2008)."IMDbnowservesfull-lengthvideos".CNET.RetrievedSeptember17,2008. ^Modine,Austin(September16,2008)."IMDbaddsfull-lengthstreamingmovies(ShowyourUSIDcardatthedoor)".TheRegister.UK.RetrievedSeptember17,2008. ^"AmazonRebrandsIMDbFreediveasIMDbTV,TriplesContent".PCMagazine. ^Andreeva,Nellie(April13,2022)."IMDbTVStreamingServiceRebrandsAsAmazonFreevee,PlansLaunchInGermanyAnd70%MoreOriginals".Deadline.RetrievedMay16,2022. ^"LycosEuropeandIMDbsignsalesagreementfor9 Europeanmarkets".LycosEurope.pressrelease.July10,2006.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonOctober23,2006. ^"CanIsubscribeonlyforonemonthoroneyear?".ResumeFAQ.IMDb.RetrievedJanuary22,2008. ^"IsthereanydifferencebetweenaregularIMDbnamepageandanIMDbnamepagecreatedviaIMDbResume?".IMDB-ResumeFAQ.IMDb.RetrievedJanuary22,2008. ^"CopyrightandConditionsofUse".IMDb. ^"Theplaintextdatafiles".AlternateInterfaces.IMDb. ^"WhichA-liststarishackingIMDbpages?".TheHollywoodReporter.November14,2012.RetrievedFebruary25,2013. ^ab"JavaMovieDatabase(JMDB)".Jmdb.de.RetrievedOctober27,2010. ^"OpenMediaDatabase".omdb.org.RetrievedDecember3,2015. ^"AlternateInterfaces".IMDb.RetrievedJanuary15,2007. ^"IMDbPY".IMDbPY.sourceforge.net.RetrievedFebruary14,2011. ^Dowd,A.A.(August19,2014)."EscapeistheunlikelylinkbetweenTheShawshankRedemptionandNaturalBornKillers".TheA.V.Club.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonSeptember23,2017.RetrievedSeptember23,2017. ^Heiderny,Margaret(September22,2014)."TheLittle-KnownStoryofHowTheShawshankRedemptionBecameOneoftheMostBelovedFilmsofAllTime".VanityFair.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonSeptember10,2017.RetrievedMarch5,2017. ^"Top 250moviesasvotedbyourusers".IMDb.RetrievedJune10,2015. ^"TheuservotesaverageonfilmorshowXis9.4,soitshouldappearinyourTop 250MoviesorTVlist,yetitdoesn't.Why?".IMDb. ^Norberg,Ragnar(2006)."CredibilityTheory"(PDF).EncyclopediaofActuarialScience.doi:10.1002/9780470012505.tac068.ISBN 0470846763.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)onMay15,2004. ^"IMDBVoteFAQ".IMDb.RetrievedFebruary6,2015. ^"Bottom 100".IMDb.RetrievedMarch19,2020. ^"Top 250TV".IMDb.RetrievedMarch16,2016. ^Nic_b(Employee)(December19,2017)."UpdatestoTitleReferenceView".IMDb.RetrievedJanuary6,2022. ^EachTVepisodeusesthesamemessageboardforthewholeseries ^Liptak,Andrew(February3,2017)."IMDbisclosingitsmessageboards".TheVerge.RetrievedFebruary15,2022. ^"OneoftheworstcommentsectionsontheInternetisshuttingdown". ^"ShouldIMDBhavepreserveditscommentboards–flamewarsandall?".TheBostonGlobe. ^"NotEvenIMDBIsSafeFromTrolls".February21,2017. ^"Cansomeoneontheinsideexplaintome".IMDb.comCustomerCommunity.July26,2016.RetrievedMarch23,2017. ^"HowsomeusersaretryingtosaveIMDB'smessageboard".Vice.com.RetrievedSeptember9,2017. ^"TheArchiveteamIMDbmessageboardarchive(rawdata)".RetrievedSeptember9,2017. ^"TheMovieChatIMDbMessageBoardArchive(web-based)".MovieChat.org.RetrievedSeptember9,2017. ^"17U.S.Code§107-Limitationsonexclusiverights:Fairuse".CornellLawSchool.RetrievedOctober8,2018. ^"Movie&TVForums:IMDbMessageBoardArchives:AreTheyLegal?".MovieTVForums.com.RetrievedOctober8,2018. ^Bahr,Lindsey(October18,2011)."LawsuitagainstIMDbrevealingprivateinformation".EntertainmentWeekly.RetrievedApril25,2013. ^"ActingunionscriticiseIMDbinagerow".BBCNews.BBC.October29,2011.RetrievedOctober29,2011. ^"ActresssuedAmazonforrevealingage 40identifiedasHuong(Junie)Hoang".SkyNews.January7,2012.RetrievedApril21,2012. ^"ActressageclaimagainstIMDbrejected".BBCNews.BBC.RetrievedApril12,2013. ^Gardner,Eriq(March27,2015)."IMDbpreserveslegalwinoverrevelationofactress'age".TheHollywoodReporter.RetrievedMarch27,2015. ^"CaseDocket:UnitedVideoPropertiesInc.,etalv.Amazon.ComInc.etal.".gov.uscourts.ded.45528.RECAP.RetrievedNovember5,2013. ^Masnick,Mike(January12,2011)."RovisuesAmazonfornotlicensingitsElectronicTVGuidepatent".Techdirt.RetrievedNovember5,2013. ^Mullin,Joe(November4,2013)."NetflixroastsRovi's'InteractiveTVguide'patentsatITC".ArsTechnica.RetrievedNovember5,2013. ^UnitedVideoPropertiesv.Amazon.com.law.justia.com.April8,2014.RetrievedFebruary28,2019. ^"CaliforniaenactslawrequiringIMDbtoremoveactoragesonrequest".TheHollywoodReporter.RetrievedNovember15,2016. ^Bray,Hiawatha(March23,2017)."Internetcensorship,Hollywoodstyle".TheBostonGlobe.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonMay16,2017.RetrievedMarch23,2017. ^"JudgepausesenforcementofIMDbAgeCensorshiplaw".TheHollywoodReporter.RetrievedFebruary23,2017. ^abMcNary,Dave(August13,2019)."IMDbAltersPolicyonPublicationofBirthNames".Variety.RetrievedMarch7,2020. Externallinks[edit] Wikidatahastheproperty: IMDbID(P345)(seeuses) IMDb–officialsite vteMoviedatabasesProprietaryWithoutspecialization AllMediaNetwork DBCultFilmInstitute Discogs Douban Filmweb FindAnyFilm Flickchart IMDb InternetMovieCarsDatabase(IMCDb) InternetMovieFirearmsDatabase(IMFDb) InternetBroadwayDatabase(IBDb) InternetOff-BroadwayDatabase(IOBDb) InternetSpeculativeFictionDatabase(ISFDb) Letterboxd Metacritic RottenTomatoes TheNumbers TheTVDB Cartoons Animator.ru BigCartoonDataBase(BCDB) Pornography AdultFilmDatabase InternetAdultFilmDatabase Other Bibliographicdatabase(InternetBookDatabase;IBookDb) Goodreads GrandComicsDatabase InternetTheatreDatabase(ITDb) Category:Onlinefilmdatabases vteWebbyAwardswinner,1997awardinthecategoryFilmwinner,1998awardinthecategoryFilmwinner,1999awardinthecategoryFilmAwardsceremonies 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Listofwinners vteAmazonPeopleCurrent JeffBezos(ExecutiveChairman) AndyJassy(PresidentandCEO) WernerVogels(CTO) Former RickDalzell PaulDavis TonyHsieh ChristopherNorth RamShriram TomSzkutak BrianValentine Facilities ListofAmazonlocations Doppler Day1 HQ2 Spheres Bellevue600 ProductsandservicesSubsidiaries A9.com AbeBooks AlexaInternet AmazonGames DoubleHelixGames AmazonLab126 AmazonPharmacy AmazonRobotics AmazonUniversityEsports AnnapurnaLabs Audible BlinkHome BodyLabs BookDepository BookFinder ComiXology DigitalPhotographyReview Freevee Fresh Goodreads GoodreadsChoiceAwards Graphiq IMDb IMDbPro BoxOfficeMojo MGMHoldings PillPack Ring Neighbors Shopbop Souq.com Twitch Woot.com Zappos Zoox Cloudcomputing WebServices AMI AmazonAurora Beanstalk CloudFront DynamoDB EBS EC2 EFS ElastiCache EMR Glacier Lambda Lightsail MTurk Neptune ProductAdvertisingAPI RDS Redshift Rekognition Route53 S3 SageMaker SES SNS SimpleDB SQS VPC Services Amazon.com China Alexa Appstore DigitalGameStore Drive FireOS KindleStore Luna Payments Prime Key PrimeMusic PrimeNow PrimePantry PrimeVideo Marketplace Music(Wondery) Silk Wireless Devices Astro Echo Show EchoBuds Fire FireHD FireHDX FireTV Stick Kindle Technology 1-Click Dynamo Obidos Lumberyard Media AmazonGames AmazonPublishing BreakthroughNovelAward BestBooksoftheYear Film&Television AmazonStudios Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer KindleDirectPublishing YESNetwork(15%) Retail AmazonBooks AmazonFresh AmazonGo TreasureTruck WholeFoodsMarket Logistics AmazonAir AmazonPrimeAir Former 43Things Askville Amapedia AmieStreet(Songza) CDNow Dashbuttons Dashwand Diapers.com Endless.com FirePhone Lexcycle Liquavista LivingSocial LoveFilm Mobipocket PlanetAll ReflexiveEntertainment Sellaband Shelfari TenMarks Withoutabox Other AmazonLight ASIN CommunityBananaStand Criticism(tax) Fishbowl HistoryofAmazon LibraryThing ListofAmazonbrands ListofAmazonproductsandservices ListofmergersandacquisitionsbyAmazon Locker MacKenzieScott Perfect10,Inc.v.Amazon.com,Inc. Statisticallyimprobablephrase Vine Workerorganization Category AuthoritycontrolGeneral VIAF 1 WorldCat Nationallibraries Israel UnitedStates Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IMDb&oldid=1101736626" Categories:1990establishmentsintheUnitedKingdom1998mergersandacquisitionsAmazon(company)acquisitionsAmericanfilmwebsitesBritishcompaniesestablishedin1990BritishfilmwebsitesEntertainmentcompaniesestablishedin1990Internetpropertiesestablishedin1990OnlinefilmdatabasesOnlinepersondatabasesRecommendersystemsSocialcatalogingapplicationsTelevisionwebsitesWebbyAwardwinnersHiddencategories:ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionmatchesWikidataWikipediaindefinitelymove-protectedpagesUseAmericanEnglishfromAugust2022AllWikipediaarticleswritteninAmericanEnglishUsemdydatesfromApril2021ArticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfromMarch2022AllarticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsArticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfrom2003AllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromOctober2013ArticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfromFebruary2022AllarticleswithvagueorambiguoustimeVagueorambiguoustimefromApril2022ArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromApril2022Articlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfrom2013ArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromMarch2017ArticleswithVIAFidentifiersArticleswithWORLDCATIDidentifiersArticleswithJ9UidentifiersArticleswithLCCNidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages AfrikaansAlemannischالعربيةAragonésঅসমীয়াAsturianuAzərbaycancaتۆرکجهBasaBaliবাংলাBân-lâm-gúБашҡортсаБеларускаяБеларуская(тарашкевіца)भोजपुरीBikolCentralБългарскиBoarischBosanskiBrezhonegCatalàЧӑвашлаCebuanoČeštinaCymraegDanskDeutschडोटेलीEestiΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFijiHindiFøroysktFrançaisFryskGaeilgeGaelgGàidhligGalegoગુજરાતી한국어HausaՀայերենहिन्दीHrvatskiIgboIlokanoBahasaIndonesiaIsiZuluÍslenskaItalianoעבריתಕನ್ನಡKapampanganქართულიҚазақшаKiswahiliKurdîКыргызчаLatinaLatviešuLëtzebuergeschLietuviųMagyarमैथिलीМакедонскиമലയാളംमराठीმარგალურიمصرىBahasaMelayuမြန်မာဘာသာNederlandsनेपाली日本語НохчийнNordfriiskNorskbokmålNorsknynorskOʻzbekcha/ўзбекчаਪੰਜਾਬੀپنجابیپښتوPlattdüütschPolskiPortuguêsRomânăРусскийСахатылаScotsShqipSicilianuසිංහලSimpleEnglishسنڌيSlovenčinaSlovenščinaSoomaaligaکوردیСрпски/srpskiSrpskohrvatski/српскохрватскиSuomiSvenskaTagalogதமிழ்Татарча/tatarçaతెలుగుไทยТоҷикӣTürkçeУкраїнськаاردوTiếngViệt吴语ייִדישYorùbá粵語Zazaki中文 Editlinks