Google - Wikipedia

Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that focuses on artificial ... and the Oxford English Dictionary, denoted as: "to use the Google search ... Google FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Americanmultinationaltechnologycompany Thisarticleisaboutthecompany.Forthesearchengine,seeGoogleSearch.Forotheruses,seeGoogle(disambiguation). GoogleLLCLogosince2015[update]Google'sheadquarters,theGoogleplexFormerlyGoogleInc.(1998–2017)TypeSubsidiary(LLC)IndustryArtificialintelligenceAdvertisingCloudcomputingComputersoftwareComputerhardwareInternetFoundedSeptember 4,1998;23yearsago (1998-09-04)[a]inMenloPark,California,UnitedStatesFoundersLarryPageSergeyBrinHeadquarters1600AmphitheatreParkway,MountainView,California,U.S.AreaservedWorldwideKeypeopleSundarPichai(CEO)RuthPorat(CFO)ThomasKurian(CEO,GoogleCloudPlatform)PrabhakarRaghavan(SVP,search,ads,ande-commerce)[5]ProductsListofproductsNumberofemployees139,995(2021) ParentAlphabetInc.Websitegoogle.comFootnotes /references[6][7][8][9] Then-CEO,andformerChairmanofGoogleEricSchmidtwithcofoundersSergeyBrinandLarryPage(lefttoright)in2008 GoogleLLC(/ˈɡuːɡəl/(listen))isanAmericanmultinationaltechnologycompanythatfocusesonartificialintelligence,[10]searchenginetechnology,onlineadvertising,cloudcomputing,computersoftware,quantumcomputing,e-commerce,andconsumerelectronics.Ithasbeenreferredtoasthe"mostpowerfulcompanyintheworld"andoneoftheworld'smostvaluablebrandsduetoitsmarketdominance,datacollection,andtechnologicaladvantagesintheareaofartificialintelligence.[11][12][13][14]ItisconsideredoneoftheBigFiveAmericaninformationtechnologycompanies,alongsideAmazon,Apple,Meta,andMicrosoft. GooglewasfoundedonSeptember4,1998,byLarryPageandSergeyBrinwhiletheywerePhDstudentsatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.Togethertheyownabout14%ofitspubliclylistedsharesandcontrol56%ofthestockholdervotingpowerthroughsuper-votingstock.Thecompanywentpublicviaaninitialpublicoffering(IPO)in2004.In2015,GooglewasreorganizedasawhollyownedsubsidiaryofAlphabetInc.GoogleisAlphabet'slargestsubsidiaryandisaholdingcompanyforAlphabet'sInternetpropertiesandinterests.SundarPichaiwasappointedCEOofGoogleonOctober24,2015,replacingLarryPage,whobecametheCEOofAlphabet.OnDecember3,2019,PichaialsobecametheCEOofAlphabet.[15] ThecompanyhassincerapidlygrowntoofferamultitudeofproductsandservicesbeyondGoogleSearch,manyofwhichholddominantmarketpositions.Theseproductsaddressawiderangeofusecases,includingemail(Gmail),navigation(Maps),cloudcomputing(Cloud),webbrowsing(Chrome),videosharing(YouTube),productivity(Workspace),operatingsystems(Android),cloudstorage(Drive),languagetranslation(Translate),photostorage(Photo),videocalling(Meet),smarthome(Nest),smartphones(Pixel),wearabletechnology(Fitbit),gaming(Stadia),musicstreaming(YouTubeMusic),videoondemand(TV),artificialintelligence(Assistant),machinelearningAPIs(TensorFlow),AIchips(TPU),andmore.DiscontinuedGoogleproductsincludeGlass,Google+,Reader,PlayMusic,Nexus,Hangouts,andInboxbyGmail.[16][17] Googleisknownforitshighlyambitioustechnologicalinnovationsaimedatsolvinghumanity'sbiggestproblems.[18]Someoftheseinnovationsincludequantumcomputing(Sycamore),self-drivingcars(Waymo,formerlytheGoogleself-drivingproject),smartcities(SidewalkLabs),andtransformermodels(GoogleBrain).[19] GoogleandYouTubearethetwomostvisitedwebsitesworldwidefollowedbyFacebookandTwitter.Googleisalsothelargestsearchengine,mappingandnavigationapplication,emailprovider,officesuite,videosharingplatform,photoandcloudstorageprovider,mobileoperatingsystem,webbrowser,MLframework,andAIvirtualassistantproviderintheworldasmeasuredbymarketshare.Onthelistofmostvaluablebrands,GoogleisrankedsecondbyForbes[20]andfourthbyInterbrand.[21]Ithasreceivedsignificantcriticisminvolvingissuessuchasprivacyconcerns,taxavoidance,censorship,searchneutrality,antitrustandabuseofitsmonopolyposition. Contents 1History 1.1Earlyyears 1.2Growth 1.3Initialpublicoffering 1.42012onward 2Productsandservices 2.1Searchengine 2.2Advertising 2.3Consumerservices 2.3.1Web-basedservices 2.3.2Software 2.3.3Hardware 2.4Enterpriseservices 2.5Internetservices 3Corporateaffairs 3.1Stockpriceperformanceandquarterlyearnings 3.2Taxavoidancestrategies 3.3Corporateidentity 3.4Workplaceculture 3.5Officelocations 3.5.1NorthAmerica 3.5.2LatinAmerica 3.5.3Europe 3.5.4AsiaPacific 3.5.5Africa&MiddleEast 3.6Infrastructure 3.7Environment 3.8Philanthropy 4Criticismandcontroversies 4.12018 4.22019 4.32022 4.4Anti-trust,privacy,andotherlitigation 4.4.1Finesandlawsuits 4.4.1.1EuropeanUnion 4.4.1.2France 4.4.1.3UnitedStates 4.4.2Privatebrowsinglawsuit 4.4.3Genderdiscriminationlawsuit 4.4.4U.S.governmentcontracts 5Seealso 6Notes 7References 8Furtherreading 9Externallinks History Mainarticles:HistoryofGoogleandListofmergersandacquisitionsbyAlphabet Seealso:AlphabetInc. Earlyyears LarryPageandSergeyBrinin2003 GooglebeganinJanuary1996asaresearchprojectbyLarryPageandSergeyBrinwhentheywerebothPhDstudentsatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.[22][23][24]Theprojectinitiallyinvolvedanunofficial"thirdfounder",ScottHassan,theoriginalleadprogrammerwhowrotemuchofthecodefortheoriginalGoogleSearchengine,butheleftbeforeGooglewasofficiallyfoundedasacompany;[25][26]HassanwentontopursueacareerinroboticsandfoundedthecompanyWillowGaragein2006.[27][28] Whileconventionalsearchenginesrankedresultsbycountinghowmanytimesthesearchtermsappearedonthepage,theytheorizedaboutabettersystemthatanalyzedtherelationshipsamongwebsites.[29]TheycalledthisalgorithmPageRank;itdeterminedawebsite'srelevancebythenumberofpages,andtheimportanceofthosepagesthatlinkedbacktotheoriginalsite.[30][31]PagetoldhisideastoHassan,whobeganwritingthecodetoimplementPage'sideas.[25] PageandBrinoriginallynicknamedthenewsearchengine"BackRub",becausethesystemcheckedbacklinkstoestimatetheimportanceofasite.[22][32][33]HassanaswellasAlanSterembergwerecitedbyPageandBrinasbeingcriticaltothedevelopmentofGoogle.RajeevMotwaniandTerryWinogradlaterco-authoredwithPageandBrinthefirstpaperabouttheproject,describingPageRankandtheinitialprototypeoftheGooglesearchengine,publishedin1998.HéctorGarcía-MolinaandJeffUllmanwerealsocitedascontributorstotheproject.[34]PageRankwasinfluencedbyasimilarpage-rankingandsite-scoringalgorithmearlierusedforRankDex,developedbyRobinLiin1996,withLarryPage'sPageRankpatentincludingacitationtoLi'searlierRankDexpatent;LilaterwentontocreatetheChinesesearchengineBaidu.[35][36] Eventually,theychangedthenametoGoogle;thenameofthesearchenginewasaplayonthewordgoogol,[22][37][38]averylargenumberwritten10100(1followedby100zeros),pickedtosignifythatthesearchenginewasintendedtoprovidelargequantitiesofinformation.[39] Google'soriginalhomepagehadasimpledesignbecausethecompanyfoundershadlittleexperienceinHTML,themarkuplanguageusedfordesigningwebpages.[40] Thedomainnamewww.google.comwasregisteredonSeptember15,1997,[41]andthecompanywasincorporatedonSeptember4,1998.ItwasbasedinthegarageofSusanWojcicki[24]inMenloPark,California.CraigSilverstein,afellowPhDstudentatStanford,washiredasthefirstemployee.[24][42][43] GooglewasinitiallyfundedbyanAugust1998investmentof$100,000fromAndyBechtolsheim,[22]co-founderofSunMicrosystems,afewweekspriortoSeptember7,1998,thedayGooglewasofficiallyincorporated.Thisinitialinvestmentservedasamotivationtoincorporatethecompanytobeabletousethefunds.[44][45]PageandBrininitiallyapproachedDavidCheritonforadvicebecausehehadanearbyofficeinStanford,andtheyknewhehadstartupexperience,havingrecentlysoldthecompanyheco-founded,GraniteSystems,toCiscofor$220million.DavidarrangedameetingPageandBrinandhisGraniteco-founderAndyBechtolsheim.Themeetingwassetfor8AMatthefrontporchofDavid'shomeinPaloAltoandithadtobebriefbecauseAndyhadanothermeetingatCisco,wherehenowworkedaftertheacquisition,at9AM.Andybrieflytestedademoofthewebsite,likedwhathesaw,andthenwentbacktohiscartograbthecheck.DavidCheritonlateralsojoinedinwithan$250,000investment.[46][47] Googlereceivedmoneyfromtwootherangelinvestorsin1998:Amazon.comfounderJeffBezos,andentrepreneurRamShriram.[48]PageandBrinhadfirstapproachedShriram,whowasaventurecapitalist,forfundingandcouncil,andShriraminvested$250,000inGoogleonFebruary1998.ShriramknewBezosbecauseAmazonhadacquiredJunglee,atwhichShriramwasthepresident.ItwasShriramwhotoldBezosaboutGoogle.BezosaskedShriramtomeetGoogle'sfoundersandtheymet6monthsafterShriramhadmadehisinvestmentwhenBezosandhiswifewereinavacationtriptotheBayArea.Google'sinitialfundingroundhadalreadyformallyclosedbutBezos'statusasCEOofAmazonwasenoughtopersuadePageandBrintoextendtheroundandaccepthisinvestment.[49][50] Betweentheseinitialinvestors,friends,andfamilyGoogleraisedaround$1,000,000,whichiswhatallowedthemtoopenuptheiroriginalshopinMenloPark,California.[51] Aftersomeadditional,smallinvestmentsthroughtheendof1998toearly1999,[48]anew$25millionroundoffundingwasannouncedonJune7,1999,[52]withmajorinvestorsincludingtheventurecapitalfirmsKleinerPerkinsandSequoiaCapital.[45]BothfirmswereinitiallyreticentaboutinvestingjointlyinGoogle,aseachwantedtoretainalargerpercentageofcontroloverthecompanytothemselves.LarryandSergeyhoweverinsistedintakinginvestmentsfromboth.Bothventurecompaniesfinallyagreedtoinvestingjointly$12.5millioneachduetotheirbeliefinGoogle'sgreatpotentialandthroughmediationofearlierangelinvestorsRonConwayandRamShriramwhohadcontactsintheventurecompanies.[53] Growth InMarch1999,thecompanymoveditsofficestoPaloAlto,California,[54]whichishometoseveralprominentSiliconValleytechnologystart-ups.[55]Thenextyear,GooglebegansellingadvertisementsassociatedwithsearchkeywordsagainstPageandBrin'sinitialoppositiontowardanadvertising-fundedsearchengine.[56][24]Tomaintainanunclutteredpagedesign,advertisementsweresolelytext-based.[57]InJune2000,itwasannouncedthatGooglewouldbecomethedefaultsearchengineproviderforYahoo!,oneofthemostpopularwebsitesatthetime,replacingInktomi.[58][59] Google'sfirstproductionserver[60] In2003,afteroutgrowingtwootherlocations,thecompanyleasedanofficecomplexfromSiliconGraphics,at1600AmphitheatreParkwayinMountainView,California.[61]ThecomplexbecameknownastheGoogleplex,aplayonthewordgoogolplex,thenumberonefollowedbyagoogolzeroes.Threeyearslater,GoogleboughtthepropertyfromSGIfor$319 million.[62]Bythattime,thename"Google"hadfounditswayintoeverydaylanguage,causingtheverb"google"tobeaddedtotheMerriam-WebsterCollegiateDictionaryandtheOxfordEnglishDictionary,denotedas:"tousetheGooglesearchenginetoobtaininformationontheInternet".[63][64]ThefirstuseoftheverbontelevisionappearedinanOctober2002episodeofBuffytheVampireSlayer.[65] Additionally,in2001Google'sInvestorsfelttheneedtohaveastronginternalmanagement,andtheyagreedtohireEricSchmidtasthechairmanandCEOofGoogle.[51]EricwasproposedbyJohnDoerrfromKleinerPerkins.HehadbeentryingtofindaCEOthatSergeyandLarrywouldacceptforseveralmonths,buttheyrejectedseveralcandidatesbecausetheywantedtoretaincontroloverthecompany.MichaelMoritzfromSequoiaCapitalatonepointevenmenacedrequestingGoogletoimmediatelypaybackSequoia's$12.5minvestmentiftheydidnotfulfilltheirpromisetohireachiefexecutiveoffice,whichhadbeenmadeverballyduringinvestmentnegotiations.Ericwasn'tinitiallyenthusiasticaboutjoiningGoogleeither,asthecompany'sfullpotentialhadn'tyetbeenwidelyrecognizedatthetime,andashewasoccupiedwithhisresponsibilitiesatNovellwherehewasCEO.Aspartofhimjoining,Ericagreedtobuy$1millionofGooglepreferredstocksasawaytoshowhiscommitmentandtoprovidefundsGoogleneeded.[66] Initialpublicoffering OnAugust19,2004,Googlebecameapubliccompanyviaaninitialpublicoffering.AtthattimeLarryPage,SergeyBrin,andEricSchmidtagreedtoworktogetheratGooglefor20years,untiltheyear2024.[67]Thecompanyoffered19,605,052sharesatapriceof$85pershare.[68][69]SharesweresoldinanonlineauctionformatusingasystembuiltbyMorganStanleyandCreditSuisse,underwritersforthedeal.[70][71]Thesaleof$1.67billiongaveGoogleamarketcapitalizationofmorethan$23billion.[72] EricSchmidt,CEOofGooglefrom2001to2011 OnNovember13,2006,GoogleacquiredYouTubefor$1.65billioninGooglestock,[73][74][75][76]OnMarch11,2008,GoogleacquiredDoubleClickfor$3.1 billion,transferringtoGooglevaluablerelationshipsthatDoubleClickhadwithWebpublishersandadvertisingagencies.[77][78] By2011,Googlewashandlingapproximately3billionsearchesperday.Tohandlethisworkload,Googlebuilt11datacentersaroundtheworldwithseveralthousandserversineach.ThesedatacentersallowedGoogletohandletheever-changingworkloadmoreefficiently.[51] InMay2011,thenumberofmonthlyuniquevisitorstoGooglesurpassedonebillionforthefirsttime.[79][80] InMay2012,GoogleacquiredMotorolaMobilityfor$12.5 billion,initslargestacquisitiontodate.[81][82][83]ThispurchasewasmadeinparttohelpGooglegainMotorola'sconsiderablepatentportfolioonmobilephonesandwirelesstechnologies,tohelpprotectGoogleinitsongoingpatentdisputeswithothercompanies,[84]mainlyAppleandMicrosoft,[85]andtoallowittocontinuetofreelyofferAndroid.[86] 2012onward InJune2013,GoogleacquiredWaze,a$966milliondeal.[87]WhileWazewouldremainanindependententity,itssocialfeatures,suchasitscrowdsourcedlocationplatform,werereportedlyvaluableintegrationsbetweenWazeandGoogleMaps,Google'sownmappingservice.[88] Googleannouncedthelaunchofanewcompany,calledCalico,onSeptember19,2013,tobeledbyAppleInc.chairmanArthurLevinson.Intheofficialpublicstatement,Pageexplainedthatthe"healthandwell-being"companywouldfocuson"thechallengeofageingandassociateddiseases".[89] EntranceofbuildingwhereGoogleanditssubsidiaryDeepMindarelocatedat6PancrasSquare,London OnJanuary26,2014,GoogleannouncedithadagreedtoacquireDeepMindTechnologies,aprivatelyheldartificialintelligencecompanyfromLondon.[90]TechnologynewswebsiteRecodereportedthatthecompanywaspurchasedfor$400million,yetthesourceoftheinformationwasnotdisclosed.AGooglespokespersondeclinedtocommentontheprice.[91][92]ThepurchaseofDeepMindaidsinGoogle'srecentgrowthintheartificialintelligenceandroboticscommunity.[93] AccordingtoInterbrand'sannualBestGlobalBrandsreport,Googlehasbeenthesecondmostvaluablebrandintheworld(behindAppleInc.)in2013,[94]2014,[95]2015,[96]and2016,withavaluationof$133billion.[97] OnAugust10,2015,GoogleannouncedplanstoreorganizeitsvariousinterestsasaconglomeratenamedAlphabetInc.GooglebecameAlphabet'slargestsubsidiaryandtheumbrellacompanyforAlphabet'sInternetinterests.Uponcompletionoftherestructuring,SundarPichaibecameCEOofGoogle,replacingLarryPage,whobecameCEOofAlphabet.[98][99][100] CurrentGoogleCEO,SundarPichai,withPrimeMinisterofIndia,NarendraModi OnAugust8,2017,GooglefiredemployeeJamesDamoreafterhedistributedamemothroughoutthecompanythatarguedbiasand"Google'sIdeologicalEchoChamber"cloudedtheirthinkingaboutdiversityandinclusion,andthatitisalsobiologicalfactors,notdiscriminationalone,thatcausetheaveragewomantobelessinterestedthanmenintechnicalpositions.[101]GoogleCEOSundarPichaiaccusedDamoreinviolatingcompanypolicyby"advancingharmfulgenderstereotypesinourworkplace",andhewasfiredonthesameday.[102][103][104] Between2018and2019,tensionsbetweenthecompany'sleadershipanditsworkersescalatedasstaffprotestedcompanydecisionsoninternalsexualharassment,Dragonfly,acensoredChinesesearchengine,andProjectMaven,amilitarydroneartificialintelligence,whichhadbeenseenasareasofrevenuegrowthforthecompany.[105][106]OnOctober25,2018,TheNewYorkTimespublishedtheexposé,"HowGoogleProtectedAndyRubin,the'FatherofAndroid'".Thecompanysubsequentlyannouncedthat"48employeeshavebeenfiredoverthelasttwoyears"forsexualmisconduct.[107]OnNovember1,2018,morethan20,000Googleemployeesandcontractorsstagedaglobalwalk-outtoprotestthecompany'shandlingofsexualharassmentcomplaints.[108][109]CEOSundarPichaiwasreportedtobeinsupportoftheprotests.[110]Laterin2019,someworkersaccusedthecompanyofretaliatingagainstinternalactivists.[106] OnMarch19,2019,Googleannouncedthatitwouldenterthevideogamemarket,launchingacloudgamingplatformcalledGoogleStadia.[111] OnJune3,2019,theUnitedStatesDepartmentofJusticereportedthatitwouldinvestigateGoogleforantitrustviolations.[112]ThisledtothefilingofanantitrustlawsuitinOctober2020,onthegroundsthecompanyhadabusedamonopolypositioninthesearchandsearchadvertisingmarkets.[113] InDecember2019,formerPayPalchiefoperatingofficerBillReadybecameGoogle'snewcommercechief.Ready'srolewillnotbedirectlyinvolvedwithGooglePay.[114] InApril2020,duetotheCOVID-19pandemic,Googleannouncedseveralcost-cuttingmeasures.Suchmeasuresincludedslowingdownhiringfortheremainderof2020,exceptforasmallnumberofstrategicareas,recalibratingthefocusandpaceofinvestmentsinareaslikedatacentersandmachines,andnon-businessessentialmarketingandtravel.[115] The2020GoogleservicesoutagesdisruptedGoogleservices:oneinAugustthataffectedGoogleDriveamongothers,anotherinNovemberaffectingYouTube,andathirdinDecemberaffectingtheentiresuiteofGoogleapplications.Allthreeoutageswereresolvedwithinhours.[116][117][118] In2021,theAlphabetWorkersUnionwasfounded,composedmostlyofGoogleemployees.[119] InJanuary2021,theAustralianGovernmentproposedlegislationthatwouldrequireGoogleandFacebooktopaymediacompaniesfortherighttousetheircontent.Inresponse,GooglethreatenedtocloseoffaccesstoitssearchengineinAustralia.[120] InMarch2021,Googlereportedlypaid$20millionforUbisoftportsonGoogleStadia.[121]Googlespent"tensofmillionsofdollars"ongettingmajorpublisherssuchasUbisoftandTake-TwotobringsomeoftheirbiggestgamestoStadia.[122] InApril2021,TheWallStreetJournalreportedthatGoogleranayears-longprogramcalled"ProjectBernanke"thatuseddatafrompastadvertisingbidstogainanadvantageovercompetingforadservices.ThiswasrevealedindocumentsconcerningtheantitrustlawsuitfiledbytenUSstatesagainstGoogleinDecember.[123] InSeptember2021,theAustraliangovernmentannouncedplanstocurbGoogle’scapabilitytoselltargetedads,claimingthatthecompanyhasamonopolyonthemarketharmingpublishers,advertisers,andconsumers.[124] In2022,Googlebeganacceptingrequestsfortheremovalofphonenumbers,physicaladdressesandemailaddressesfromitssearchresults.Ithadpreviouslyacceptedrequestsforremovingconfidentialdataonly,suchasSocialSecuritynumbers,bankaccountandcreditcardnumbers,personalsignatures,andmedicalrecords.Evenwiththenewpolicy,Googlemayremoveinformationfromonlycertainbutnotallsearchqueries.Itwouldnotremovecontentthatis"broadlyuseful",suchasnewsarticles,oralreadypartofthepublicrecord.[125] InMay2022,GoogleannouncedthatthecompanyhadacquiredCaliforniabased,MicroLEDdisplaytechnologydevelopmentandmanufacturingStart-upRaxium.RaxiumissettojoinGoogle’sDevicesandServicesteamtoaidinthedevelopmentofmicro-optics,monolithicintegration,andsystemintegration.[126] Productsandservices Mainarticle:ListofGoogleproducts Searchengine Mainarticles:GoogleSearchandGoogleImages Googleindexesbillionsofwebpagestoallowuserstosearchfortheinformationtheydesirethroughtheuseofkeywordsandoperators.[127]AccordingtocomScoremarketresearchfromNovember2009,GoogleSearchisthedominantsearchengineintheUnitedStatesmarket,withamarketshareof65.6%.[128]InMay2017,Googleenabledanew"Personal"tabinGoogleSearch,lettinguserssearchforcontentintheirGoogleaccounts'variousservices,includingemailmessagesfromGmailandphotosfromGooglePhotos.[129][130] GooglelauncheditsGoogleNewsservicein2002,anautomatedservicewhichsummarizesnewsarticlesfromvariouswebsites.[131]GooglealsohostsGoogleBooks,aservicewhichsearchesthetextfoundinbooksinitsdatabaseandshowslimitedpreviewsorandthefullbookwhereallowed.[132] Advertising Googleonad-techLondon,2010 Googlegeneratesmostofitsrevenuesfromadvertising.Thisincludessalesofapps,purchasesmadein-app,digitalcontentproductsonGoogleandYouTube,Androidandlicensingandservicefees,includingfeesreceivedforGoogleCloudofferings.Forty-sixpercentofthisprofitwasfromclicks(costperclicks),amountingtoUS$109,652millionin2017.Thisincludesthreeprincipalmethods,namelyAdMob,AdSense(suchasAdSenseforContent,AdSenseforSearch,etc.)andDoubleClickAdExchange.[133] Inadditiontoitsownalgorithmsforunderstandingsearchrequests,GoogleusestechnologyitsacquisitionofDoubleClick,toprojectuserinterestandtargetadvertisingtothesearchcontextandtheuserhistory.[134][135] In2007,Googlelaunched"AdSenseforMobile",takingadvantageoftheemergingmobileadvertisingmarket.[136] GoogleAnalyticsallowswebsiteownerstotrackwhereandhowpeopleusetheirwebsite,forexamplebyexaminingclickratesforallthelinksonapage.[137]Googleadvertisementscanbeplacedonthird-partywebsitesinatwo-partprogram.GoogleAdsallowsadvertiserstodisplaytheiradvertisementsintheGooglecontentnetwork,throughacost-per-clickscheme.[138]Thesisterservice,GoogleAdSense,allowswebsiteownerstodisplaytheseadvertisementsontheirwebsiteandearnmoneyeverytimeadsareclicked.[139]Oneofthecriticismsofthisprogramisthepossibilityofclickfraud,whichoccurswhenapersonorautomatedscriptclicksonadvertisementswithoutbeinginterestedintheproduct,causingtheadvertisertopaymoneytoGoogleunduly.Industryreportsin2006claimedthatapproximately14to20 percentofclickswerefraudulentorinvalid.[140]GoogleSearchConsole(rebrandedfromGoogleWebmasterToolsinMay2015)allowswebmasterstocheckthesitemap,crawlrate,andforsecurityissuesoftheirwebsites,aswellasoptimizetheirwebsite'svisibility. Consumerservices Web-basedservices GoogleoffersGmailforemail,[141]GoogleCalendarfortime-managementandscheduling,[142]GoogleMapsformapping,navigationandsatelliteimagery,[143]GoogleDriveforcloudstorageoffiles,[144]GoogleDocs,SheetsandSlidesforproductivity,[144]GooglePhotosforphotostorageandsharing,[145]GoogleKeepfornote-taking,[146]GoogleTranslateforlanguagetranslation,[147]YouTubeforvideoviewingandsharing,[148]GoogleMyBusinessformanagingpublicbusinessinformation,[149]andDuoforsocialinteraction.[150]InMarch2019,GoogleunveiledacloudgamingservicenamedStadia.[111]Ajobsearchproducthasalsoexistedsincebefore2017,[151][152][153]GoogleforJobsisanenhancedsearchfeaturethataggregateslistingsfromjobboardsandcareersites.[154] SomeGoogleservicesarenotweb-based.GoogleEarth,launchedin2005,alloweduserstoseehigh-definitionsatellitepicturesfromallovertheworldforfreethroughaclientsoftwaredownloadedtotheircomputers.[155] Software GoogledevelopstheAndroidmobileoperatingsystem,[156]aswellasitssmartwatch,[157]television,[158]car,[159]andInternetofthings-enabledsmartdevicesvariations.[160] ItalsodevelopstheGoogleChromewebbrowser,[161]andChromeOS,anoperatingsystembasedonChrome.[162] Hardware GooglePixelsmartphonesondisplayinastore InJanuary2010,GooglereleasedNexusOne,thefirstAndroidphoneunderitsownbrand.[163]Itspawnedanumberofphonesandtabletsunderthe"Nexus"branding[164]untilitseventualdiscontinuationin2016,replacedbyanewbrandcalledPixel.[165] In2011,theChromebookwasintroduced,whichrunsonChromeOS.[166] InJuly2013,GoogleintroducedtheChromecastdongle,whichallowsuserstostreamcontentfromtheirsmartphonestotelevisions.[167][168] InJune2014,GoogleannouncedGoogleCardboard,asimplecardboardviewerthatletsuserplacetheirsmartphoneinaspecialfrontcompartmenttoviewvirtualreality(VR)media.[169] Otherhardwareproductsinclude: Nest,aseriesofvoiceassistantsmartspeakersthatcananswervoicequeries,playmusic,findinformationfromapps(calendar,weatheretc.),andcontrolthird-partysmarthomeappliances(userscantellittoturnonthelights,forexample).TheGoogleNestlineincludestheoriginalGoogleHome[170](latersucceededbytheNestAudio),theGoogleHomeMini(latersucceededbytheNestMini,theGoogleHomeMax,theGoogleHomeHub(laterrebrandedastheNestHub),andtheNestHubMax. NestWifi(originallyGoogleWifi),aconnectedsetofWi-FirouterstosimplifyandextendcoverageofhomeWi-Fi.[171] Enterpriseservices Mainarticles:GoogleWorkspaceandGoogleCloudPlatform GoogleWorkspace(formerlyGSuiteuntilOctober2020[172])isamonthlysubscriptionofferingfororganizationsandbusinessestogetaccesstoacollectionofGoogle'sservices,includingGmail,GoogleDriveandGoogleDocs,GoogleSheetsandGoogleSlides,withadditionaladministrativetools,uniquedomainnames,and24/7support.[173] OnSeptember24,2012,[174]GooglelaunchedGoogleforEntrepreneurs,alargelynot-for-profitbusinessincubatorprovidingstartupswithco-workingspacesknownasCampuses,withassistancetostartupfoundersthatmayincludeworkshops,conferences,andmentorships.[175]Presently,therearesevenCampuslocations:Berlin,London,Madrid,Seoul,SãoPaulo,TelAviv,andWarsaw. OnMarch15,2016,GoogleannouncedtheintroductionofGoogleAnalytics360Suite,"asetofintegrateddataandmarketinganalyticsproducts,designedspecificallyfortheneedsofenterprise-classmarketers"whichcanbeintegratedwithBigQueryontheGoogleCloudPlatform.Amongotherthings,thesuiteisdesignedtohelp"enterpriseclassmarketers""seethecompletecustomerjourney",generate"usefulinsights",and"deliverengagingexperiencestotherightpeople".[176]JackMarshallofTheWallStreetJournalwrotethatthesuitecompeteswithexistingmarketingcloudofferingsbycompaniesincludingAdobe,Oracle,Salesforce,andIBM.[177] Internetservices InFebruary2010,GoogleannouncedtheGoogleFiberproject,withexperimentalplanstobuildanultra-high-speedbroadbandnetworkfor50,000to500,000customersinoneormoreAmericancities.[178][179]FollowingGoogle'scorporaterestructuretomakeAlphabetInc.itsparentcompany,GoogleFiberwasmovedtoAlphabet'sAccessdivision.[180][181] InApril2015,GoogleannouncedProjectFi,amobilevirtualnetworkoperator,thatcombinesWi-FiandcellularnetworksfromdifferenttelecommunicationprovidersinanefforttoenableseamlessconnectivityandfastInternetsignal.[182][183] Corporateaffairs Stockpriceperformanceandquarterlyearnings Google'sinitialpublicoffering(IPO)tookplaceonAugust19,2004.AtIPO,thecompanyoffered19,605,052sharesatapriceof$85pershare.[68][69]Thesaleof$1.67billiongaveGoogleamarketcapitalizationofmorethan$23billion.[72]ThestockperformedwellaftertheIPO,withshareshitting$350forthefirsttimeonOctober31,2007,[184]primarilybecauseofstrongsalesandearningsintheonlineadvertisingmarket.[185]Thesurgeinstockpricewasfueledmainlybyindividualinvestors,asopposedtolargeinstitutionalinvestorsandmutualfunds.[185]GOOGsharessplitintoGOOGclassCsharesandGOOGLclassAshares.[186]ThecompanyislistedontheNASDAQstockexchangeunderthetickersymbolsGOOGLandGOOG,andontheFrankfurtStockExchangeunderthetickersymbolGGQ1.ThesetickersymbolsnowrefertoAlphabetInc.,Google'sholdingcompany,sincethefourthquarterof2015.[update][187] Inthethirdquarterof2005,Googlereporteda700%increaseinprofit,largelyduetolargecompaniesshiftingtheiradvertisingstrategiesfromnewspapers,magazines,andtelevisiontotheInternet.[188][189][190] Forthe2006fiscalyear,thecompanyreported$10.492billionintotaladvertisingrevenuesandonly$112millioninlicensingandotherrevenues.[191]In2011,96%ofGoogle'srevenuewasderivedfromitsadvertisingprograms.[192] Googlegenerated$50billioninannualrevenueforthefirsttimein2012,generating$38billionthepreviousyear.InJanuary2013,then-CEOLarryPagecommented,"Weended2012withastrongquarter...Revenueswereup36%year-on-year,and8%quarter-on-quarter.Andwehit$50billioninrevenuesforthefirsttimelastyear–notabadachievementinjustadecadeandahalf."[193] Google'sconsolidatedrevenueforthethirdquarterof2013wasreportedinmid-October2013as$14.89billion,a12percentincreasecomparedtothepreviousquarter.[194]Google'sInternetbusinesswasresponsiblefor$10.8billionofthistotal,withanincreaseinthenumberofusers'clicksonadvertisements.[195]ByJanuary2014,Google'smarketcapitalizationhadgrownto$397billion.[196] Taxavoidancestrategies Furtherinformation:CorporationtaxintheRepublicofIreland§ Multinationaltaxschemes,andGoogletax Googleusesvarioustaxavoidancestrategies.Onthelistoflargesttechnologycompaniesbyrevenue,itpaysthelowesttaxestothecountriesoforiginofitsrevenues.Googlebetween2007and2010saved$3.1billionintaxesbyshuttlingnon-U.S.profitsthroughIrelandandtheNetherlandsandthentoBermuda.Suchtechniquesloweritsnon-U.S.taxrateto2.3percent,whilenormallythecorporatetaxratein,forinstance,theUKis28percent.[197]ThishasreportedlysparkedaFrenchinvestigationintoGoogle'stransferpricingpractices.[198] In2020,GooglesaidithadoverhauleditscontroversialglobaltaxstructureandconsolidatedallofitsintellectualpropertyholdingsbacktotheUS.[199] GoogleVice-PresidentMattBrittintestifiedtothePublicAccountsCommitteeoftheUKHouseofCommonsthathisUKsalesteammadenosalesandhenceowednosalestaxestotheUK.[200]InJanuary2016,GooglereachedasettlementwiththeUKtopay£130minbacktaxesplushighertaxesinfuture.[201]In2017,Googlechanneled$22.7billionfromtheNetherlandstoBermudatoreduceitstaxbill.[202] In2013,Googleranked5thinlobbyingspending,upfrom213thin2003.In2012,thecompanyranked2ndincampaigndonationsoftechnologyandInternetsections.[203] Corporateidentity Furtherinformation:HistoryofGoogle§ Name,Google(verb),Googlelogo,GoogleDoodle,ListofGoogleAprilFools'Dayjokes,andListofGoogleEastereggs Google'slogofrom2013to2015 Thename"Google"originatedfromamisspellingof"googol",[204][205]whichreferstothenumberrepresentedbya1followedbyone-hundredzeros.PageandBrinwriteintheiroriginalpaperonPageRank:[34]"Wechoseoursystemsname,Google,becauseitisacommonspellingofgoogol,or10100andfitswellwithourgoalofbuildingverylarge-scalesearchengines."Havingfounditswayincreasinglyintoeverydaylanguage,theverb"google"wasaddedtotheMerriamWebsterCollegiateDictionaryandtheOxfordEnglishDictionaryin2006,meaning"tousetheGooglesearchenginetoobtaininformationontheInternet."[206][207]Google'smissionstatement,fromtheoutset,was"toorganizetheworld'sinformationandmakeituniversallyaccessibleanduseful",[208]anditsunofficialsloganis"Don'tbeevil".[209]InOctober2015,arelatedmottowasadoptedintheAlphabetcorporatecodeofconductbythephrase:"Dotherightthing".[210]TheoriginalmottowasretainedinthecodeofconductofGoogle,nowasubsidiaryofAlphabet. TheoriginalGooglelogowasdesignedbySergeyBrin.[211]Since1998,[update]Googlehasbeendesigningspecial,temporaryalternatelogostoplaceontheirhomepageintendedtocelebrateholidays,events,achievementsandpeople.ThefirstGoogleDoodlewasinhonoroftheBurningManFestivalof1998.[212][213]ThedoodlewasdesignedbyLarryPageandSergeyBrintonotifyusersoftheirabsenceincasetheserverscrashed.SubsequentGoogleDoodlesweredesignedbyanoutsidecontractor,untilLarryandSergeyaskedthen-internDennisHwangtodesignalogoforBastilleDayin2000.Fromthatpointonward,Doodleshavebeenorganizedandcreatedbyateamofemployeestermed"Doodlers".[214] GooglehasatraditionofcreatingAprilFools'Dayjokes.ItsfirstonApril1,2000,wasGoogleMentalPlexwhichallegedlyfeaturedtheuseofmentalpowertosearchtheweb.[215]In2007,GoogleannouncedafreeInternetservicecalledTiSP,orToiletInternetServiceProvider,whereoneobtainedaconnectionbyflushingoneendofafiber-opticcabledowntheirtoilet.[216] Google'sservicescontaineastereggs,suchastheSwedishChef's"Borkborkbork,"PigLatin,"Hacker"orleetspeak,ElmerFudd,Pirate,andKlingonaslanguageselectionsforitssearchengine.[217]Whensearchingfortheword"anagram,"meaningarearrangementoflettersfromonewordtoformothervalidwords,Google'ssuggestionfeaturedisplays"Didyoumean:nagaram?"[218] Workplaceculture GoogleemployeesmarchinginthePrideinLondonparadein2016 OnFortunemagazine'slistofthebestcompaniestoworkfor,Googlerankedfirstin2007,2008and2012,[219][220][221]andfourthin2009and2010.[222][223]Googlewasalsonominatedin2010tobetheworld'smostattractiveemployertograduatingstudentsintheUniversumCommunicationstalentattractionindex.[224]Google'scorporatephilosophyincludesprinciplessuchas"youcanmakemoneywithoutdoingevil,""youcanbeseriouswithoutasuit,"and"workshouldbechallengingandthechallengeshouldbefun."[225] AsofSeptember30,2020,[update]AlphabetInc.had132,121employees,[226]ofwhichmorethan100,000workedforGoogle.[9]Google's2020[update]diversityreportstatesthat32percentofitsworkforcearewomenand68percentaremen,withtheethnicityofitsworkforcebeingpredominantlywhite(51.7%)andAsian(41.9%).[227]Withintechroles,23.6percentwerewomen;and26.7percentofleadershiproleswereheldbywomen.[228]Inadditiontoits100,000+full-timeemployees,Googleusedabout121,000temporaryworkersandcontractors,asofMarch 2019[update].[9] Google'semployeesarehiredbasedonahierarchicalsystem.Employeesaresplitintosixhierarchiesbasedonexperienceandcanrange"fromentry-leveldatacenterworkersatlevelonetomanagersandexperiencedengineersatlevelsix."[229]Asamotivationtechnique,GoogleusesapolicyknownasInnovationTimeOff,whereGoogleengineersareencouragedtospend20%oftheirworktimeonprojectsthatinterestthem.SomeofGoogle'sservices,suchasGmail,GoogleNews,Orkut,andAdSenseoriginatedfromtheseindependentendeavors.[230]InatalkatStanfordUniversity,MarissaMayer,Google'sVice-PresidentofSearchProductsandUserExperienceuntilJuly2012,showedthathalfofallnewproductlaunchesinthesecondhalfof2005hadoriginatedfromtheInnovationTimeOff.[231] In2005,articlesinTheNewYorkTimes[232]andothersourcesbegansuggestingthatGooglehadlostitsanti-corporate,noevilphilosophy.[233][234][235]Inanefforttomaintainthecompany'suniqueculture,GoogledesignatedaChiefCultureOfficerwhosepurposewastodevelopandmaintainthecultureandworkonwaystokeeptruetothecorevaluesthatthecompanywasfoundedon.[236]Googlehasalsofacedallegationsofsexismandageismfromformeremployees.[237][238]In2013,aclassactionagainstseveralSiliconValleycompanies,includingGoogle,wasfiledforalleged"nocoldcall"agreementswhichrestrainedtherecruitmentofhigh-techemployees.[239]InalawsuitfiledJanuary8,2018,multipleemployeesandjobapplicantsallegedGooglediscriminatedagainstaclassdefinedbytheir“conservativepoliticalviews[,]malegender[,]and/or[...]CaucasianorAsianrace”.[240] OnJanuary25,2020,theformationofaninternationalworkersunionofGoogleemployees,AlphaGlobal,wasannounced.[241]Thecoalitionismadeupof"13differentunionsrepresentingworkersin10countries,includingtheUnitedStates,UnitedKingdom,andSwitzerland."[242]ThegroupisaffiliatedwithUNIGlobalUnion,whichrepresentsnearly20millioninternationalworkersfromvariousunionsandfederations.TheformationoftheunionisinresponsetopersistentallegationsofmistreatmentofGoogleemployeesandatoxicworkplaceculture.[242][243][240]Googlehadpreviouslybeenaccusedofsurveillingandfiringemployeeswhoweresuspectedoforganizingaworkersunion.[244]In2021courtdocumentsrevealedthatbetween2018and2020Googleranananti-unioncampaigncalledProjectVivianto"convincethem(employees)thatunionssuck”.[245] Officelocations Furtherinformation:Googleplex Google'sNewYorkCityofficebuildinghousesitslargestadvertisingsalesteam. Google'sTorontooffice Google'sheadquartersinMountainView,Californiaisreferredtoas"theGoogleplex",aplayonwordsonthenumbergoogolplexandtheheadquartersitselfbeingacomplexofbuildings.Internationally,Googlehasover78officesinmorethan50countries.[246] In2006,Googlemovedintoabout300,000squarefeet(27,900 m2)ofofficespaceat111EighthAvenueinManhattan,NewYorkCity.TheofficewasdesignedandbuiltspeciallyforGoogle,andhousesitslargestadvertisingsalesteam.[247]In2010,Googleboughtthebuildinghousingtheheadquarter,inadealthatvaluedthepropertyataround$1.9billion.[248][249]InMarch2018,Google'sparentcompanyAlphabetboughtthenearbyChelseaMarketbuildingfor$2.4billion.ThesaleistoutedasoneofthemostexpensiverealestatetransactionsforasinglebuildinginthehistoryofNewYork.[250][251][252][253]InNovember2018,GoogleannounceditsplantoexpanditsNewYorkCityofficetoacapacityof12,000employees.[254]ThesameDecember,itwasannouncedthata$1billion,1,700,000-square-foot(160,000 m2)headquartersforGooglewouldbebuiltinManhattan'sHudsonSquareneighborhood.[255][256]CalledGoogleHudsonSquare,thenewcampusisprojectedtomorethandoublethenumberofGoogleemployeesworkinginNewYorkCity.[257] Bylate2006,GoogleestablishedanewheadquartersforitsAdWordsdivisioninAnnArbor,Michigan.[258]InNovember2006,GoogleopenedofficesonCarnegieMellon'scampusinPittsburgh,focusingonshopping-relatedadvertisementcodingandsmartphoneapplicationsandprograms.[259][260]OtherofficelocationsintheU.S.includeAtlanta,Georgia;Austin,Texas;Boulder,Colorado;Cambridge,Massachusetts;SanFrancisco,California;Seattle,Washington;Kirkland,Washington;Birmingham,Michigan;Reston,Virginia,Washington,D.C.,[261]andMadison,Wisconsin.[262] Google'sDublinIrelandoffice,headquartersofGoogleAdsforEurope Italsohasproductresearchanddevelopmentoperationsincitiesaroundtheworld,namelySydney(birthplacelocationofGoogleMaps)[263]andLondon(partofAndroiddevelopment).[264]InNovember2013,GoogleannouncedplansforanewLondonheadquarter,a1millionsquarefootofficeabletoaccommodate4,500employees.Recognizedasoneofthebiggestevercommercialpropertyacquisitionsatthetimeofthedeal'sannouncementinJanuary,[265]GooglesubmittedplansforthenewheadquartertotheCamdenCouncilinJune2017.[266][267]InMay2015,GoogleannounceditsintentiontocreateitsowncampusinHyderabad,India.Thenewcampus,reportedtobethecompany'slargestoutsidetheUnitedStates,willaccommodate13,000employees.[268][269] Google'sGlobalOfficessumatotalof85Locationsworldwide,[270]with32officesinNorthAmerica,3oftheminCanadaand29inUnitedStatesTerritory,CaliforniabeingthestatewiththemostGoogle'sofficeswith9intotalincludingtheGoogleplex.IntheLatinAmericaRegionGooglecountswith6offices,inEurope24(3oftheminUK),TheAsiaPacificregioncountswith18officesprincipallyinIndiaandChina,andtheAfricaMiddleEastregioncounts5offices. NorthAmerica AnnArbor Michigan Atlanta Georgia Austin Texas Boulder Colorado Boulder–PearlPlace Colorado Boulder–Walnut Colorado Cambridge Massachusetts ChapelHill NorthCarolina Chicago–Carpenter Illinois Chicago–FultonMarket Illinois Detroit Michigan Irvine California Kirkland Washington Kitchener Canada LosAngeles California Madison Wisconsin Miami Florida Montreal Canada MountainView California NewYork NewYork Pittsburgh Pennsylvania PlayaVista California Portland Oregon RedwoodCity California Reston Virginia SanBruno California SanDiego California SanFrancisco California Seattle Washington Sunnyvale California Toronto Canada WashingtonDC DistrictofColumbia LatinAmerica BeloHorizonte Brazil Bogotá Colombia BuenosAires Argentina MexicoCity Mexico SantiagodeChile Chile SãoPaulo Brazil Europe Aarhus Denmark Amsterdam Netherlands Athens Greece Berlin Germany Brussels Belgium Copenhagen Denmark Dublin Ireland Hamburg Germany Lisbon Portugal London–6PS UnitedKingdom London–BEL UnitedKingdom London–CSG UnitedKingdom Madrid Spain Milan Italy Moscow Russia Munich Germany Oslo Norway Paris France Prague CzechRepublic Stockholm Sweden Vienna Austria Warsaw Poland Wroclaw Poland Zurich  Switzerland AsiaPacific Bangalore India Bangkok Thailand Beijing China Guangzhou China Gurgaon India HongKong HongKong Hyderabad India Jakarta Indonesia KualaLumpur Malaysia Melbourne Australia Mumbai India Seoul SouthKorea Shanghai China Singapore Singapore Sydney Australia Taipei Taiwan Tokyo–RPG Japan Tokyo–STRM Japan Africa&MiddleEast Dubai UnitedArabEmirates Haifa Israel Istanbul Turkey Johannesburg SouthAfrica TelAviv Israel Infrastructure Furtherinformation:Googledatacenters GoogledatacentersarelocatedinNorthandSouthAmerica,Asia,andEurope.[271]ThereisnoofficialdataonthenumberofserversinGoogledatacenters;however,researchandadvisoryfirmGartnerestimatedinaJuly2016reportthatGoogleatthetimehad2.5millionservers.[272]Traditionally,Googlereliedonparallelcomputingoncommodityhardwarelikemainstreamx86computers(similartohomePCs)tokeepcostsperquerylow.[273][274][275]In2005,itstarteddevelopingitsowndesigns,whichwereonlyrevealedin2009.[275] Googlebuiltitsownprivatesubmarinecommunicationscables;thefirst,namedCurie,connectsCaliforniawithChileandwascompletedonNovember15,2019.[276][277]ThesecondfullyGoogle-ownedunderseacable,namedDunant,connectstheUnitedStateswithFranceandisplannedtobeginoperationin2020.[278]Google'sthirdsubseacable,Equiano,willconnectLisbon,PortugalwithLagos,NigeriaandCapeTown,SouthAfrica.[279]Thecompany'sfourthcable,namedGraceHopper,connectslandingpointsinNewYork,US,Bude,UKandBilbao,Spain,andisexpectedtobecomeoperationalin2022.[280] Environment InOctober2006,thecompanyannouncedplanstoinstallthousandsofsolarpanelstoprovideupto1.6Megawattofelectricity,enoughtosatisfyapproximately30%ofthecampus'energyneeds.[281][282]ThesystemisthelargestrooftopphotovoltaicpowerstationconstructedonaU.S.corporatecampusandoneofthelargestonanycorporatesiteintheworld.[281]Since2007,[update]Googlehasaimedforcarbonneutralityinregardtoitsoperations.[283] GoogledisclosedinSeptember2011thatit"continuouslyusesenoughelectricitytopower200,000homes",almost260millionwattsoraboutaquarteroftheoutputofanuclearpowerplant.Totalcarbonemissionsfor2010werejustunder1.5millionmetrictons,mostlyduetofossilfuelsthatprovideelectricityforthedatacenters.Googlesaidthat25percentofitsenergywassuppliedbyrenewablefuelsin2010.Anaveragesearchusesonly0.3watt-hoursofelectricity,soallglobalsearchesareonly12.5millionwattsor5%ofthetotalelectricityconsumptionbyGoogle.[284] In2010,GoogleEnergymadeitsfirstinvestmentinarenewableenergyproject,putting$38.8 millionintotwowindfarmsinNorthDakota.Thecompanyannouncedthetwolocationswillgenerate169.5 megawattsofpower,enoughtosupply55,000homes.[285]InFebruary2010,theFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommissionFERCgrantedGoogleanauthorizationtobuyandsellenergyatmarketrates.[286]ThecorporationexercisedthisauthorizationinSeptember2013whenitannounceditwouldpurchasealltheelectricityproducedbythenot-yet-built240-megawattHappyHerefordwindfarm.[287] InJuly2010,GooglesignedanagreementwithanIowawindfarmtobuy114megawattsofpowerfor20years.[288] InDecember2016,Googleannouncedthat—startingin2017—itwouldpurchaseenoughrenewableenergytomatch100%oftheenergyusageofitsdatacentersandoffices.ThecommitmentwillmakeGoogle"theworld'slargestcorporatebuyerofrenewablepower,withcommitmentsreaching2.6gigawatts(2,600megawatts)ofwindandsolarenergy".[289][290][291] InNovember2017,Googlebought536megawattsofwindpower.Thepurchasemadethefirmreach100%renewableenergy.ThewindenergycomesfromtwopowerplantsinSouthDakota,oneinIowaandoneinOklahoma.[292]InSeptember2019,Google'schiefexecutiveannouncedplansfora$2billionwindandsolarinvestment,thebiggestrenewableenergydealincorporatehistory.Thiswillgrowtheirgreenenergyprofileby40%,givingthemanextra1.6gigawattofcleanenergy,thecompanysaid.[293] InSeptember2020,Googleannouncedithadretroactivelyoffsetallofitscarbonemissionssincethecompany'sfoundationin1998.[294]Italsocommittedtooperatingitsdatacentersandofficesusingonlycarbon-freeenergyby2030.[295]InOctober2020,thecompanypledgedtomakethepackagingforitshardwareproducts100%plastic-freeand100%recyclableby2025.ItalsosaidthatallitsfinalassemblymanufacturingsiteswillachieveaUL2799ZeroWastetoLandfillcertificationby2022byensuringthatthevastmajorityofwastefromthemanufacturingprocessisrecycledinsteadofendingupinalandfill.[296] Googledonatestopoliticianswhodenyclimatechange,includingJimInhofe,andsponsorsclimatechangedenialpoliticalgroupsincludingtheStatePolicyNetworkandtheCompetitiveEnterpriseInstitute.[297][298][299] Philanthropy Mainarticle:Google.org In2004,Googleformedthenot-for-profitphilanthropicGoogle.org,withastart-upfundof$1 billion.[300]Themissionoftheorganizationistocreateawarenessaboutclimatechange,globalpublichealth,andglobalpoverty.Oneofitsfirstprojectswastodevelopaviableplug-inhybridelectricvehiclethatcanattain100milespergallon.GooglehiredLarryBrilliantastheprogram'sexecutivedirectorin2004[301]andMeganSmithhassince[update]replacedhimasdirector.[302] InMarch2007,inpartnershipwiththeMathematicalSciencesResearchInstitute(MSRI),GooglehostedthefirstJuliaRobinsonMathematicsFestivalatitsheadquartersinMountainView.[303]In2011,Googledonated1 millioneurostoInternationalMathematicalOlympiadtosupportthenextfiveannualInternationalMathematicalOlympiads(2011–2015).[304][305]InJuly2012,Googlelauncheda"LegalizeLove"campaigninsupportofgayrights.[306] In2008,Googleannouncedits"project10100"whichacceptedideasforhowtohelpthecommunityandthenallowedGoogleuserstovoteontheirfavorites.[307]Aftertwoyearsofsilence,duringwhichmanywonderedwhathadhappenedtotheprogram,[308]Googlerevealedthewinnersoftheproject,givingatotaloftenmilliondollarstovariousideasrangingfromnon-profitorganizationsthatpromoteeducationtoawebsitethatintendstomakealllegaldocumentspublicandonline.[309] RespondingtothehumanitariancrisisaftertheRussianinvasionofUkraine,Googleannounceda$15mlndonationtosupportUkrainiancitizens.[310]ThecompanyalsodecidedtotransformitsofficeinWarsawintoahelpcenterforrefugees.[311] Criticismandcontroversies Mainarticles:CriticismofGoogle,CensorshipbyGoogle,andPrivacyconcernsregardingGoogleThissectionshouldincludeabettersummaryofCriticismofGoogle.SeeWikipedia:Summarystyleforinformationonhowtoproperlyincorporateitintothisarticle'smaintext.(April2019) SanFranciscoactivistsprotestprivatelyownedshuttlebusesthattransportworkersfortechcompaniessuchasGooglefromtheirhomesinSanFranciscoandOaklandtocorporatecampusesinSiliconValley. Googlehashadcriticismoverissuessuchasaggressivetaxavoidance,[312]searchneutrality,copyright,censorshipofsearchresultsandcontent,[313]andprivacy.[314][315] Othercriticismsareallegedmisuseandmanipulationofsearchresults,itsuseofothers'intellectualproperty,concernsthatitscompilationofdatamayviolatepeople'sprivacy,andtheenergyconsumptionofitsservers,aswellasconcernsovertraditionalbusinessissuessuchasmonopoly,restraintoftrade,anti-competitivepractices,andpatentinfringement. GoogleformerlycompliedwithInternetcensorshippoliciesofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,[316]enforcedbymeansoffilterscolloquiallyknownas"TheGreatFirewallofChina",butnolongerdoesso.Asaresult,allGoogleservicesexceptforChineseGoogleMapsareblockedfromaccesswithinmainlandChinawithouttheaidofvirtualprivatenetworks,proxyservers,orothersimilartechnologies. 2018 InJuly2018,MozillaprogrammanagerChrisPetersonaccusedGoogleofintentionallyslowingdownYouTubeperformanceonFirefox.[317][318]InApril2019,formerMozillaexecutiveJonathanNightingaleaccusedGoogleofintentionallyandsystematicallysabotagingtheFirefoxbrowseroverthepastdecadeinordertoboostadoptionofGoogleChrome.[319] InAugust2018,TheInterceptreportedthatGoogleisdevelopingforthePeople'sRepublicofChinaacensoredversionofitssearchengine(knownasDragonfly)"thatwillblacklistwebsitesandsearchtermsabouthumanrights,democracy,religion,andpeacefulprotest".[320][321]However,theprojecthadbeenwithheldduetoprivacyconcerns.[322][323] 2019 In2019,ahubforcriticsofGooglededicatedtoabstainingfromusingGoogleproductscoalescedintheRedditonlinecommunity/r/degoogle.[324]TheDeGooglegrassrootscampaigncontinuestogrowasprivacyactivistshighlightinformationaboutGoogleproducts,andtheassociatedincursiononpersonalprivacyrightsbythecompany. InNovember2019,theOfficeforCivilRightsoftheUnitedStatesDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesbeganinvestigationintoProjectNightingale,toassesswhetherthe"masscollectionofindividuals’medicalrecords"compliedwithHIPAA.[325]AccordingtoTheWallStreetJournal,Googlesecretivelybegantheprojectin2018,withSt.Louis-basedhealthcarecompanyAscension.[326] 2022 Ina2022NationalLaborRelationsBoardruling,courtdocumentssuggestedthatGooglesponsoredasecretiveproject--ProjectViviantocounselitsemployeesandtodiscouragethemfromformingunions.[327] Anti-trust,privacy,andotherlitigation Mainarticle:Googlelitigation TheEuropeanCommission,whichimposedthreefinesonGooglein2017,2018,and2019 Finesandlawsuits EuropeanUnion OnJune27,2017,thecompanyreceivedarecordfineof€2.42billionfromtheEuropeanUnionfor"promotingitsownshoppingcomparisonserviceatthetopofsearchresults."[328] OnJuly18,2018,[329]theEuropeanCommissionfinedGoogle€4.34billionforbreachingEUantitrustrules.TheabuseofdominantpositionhasbeenreferredtoGoogle'sconstraintappliedtoAndroiddevicemanufacturersandnetworkoperatorstoensurethattrafficonAndroiddevicesgoestotheGooglesearchengine.OnOctober9,2018,Googleconfirmed[330]thatithadappealedthefinetotheGeneralCourtoftheEuropeanUnion.[331] OnOctober8,2018,aclassactionlawsuitwasfiledagainstGoogleandAlphabetdueto"non-public"Google+accountdatabeingexposedasaresultofabugthatallowedappdeveloperstogainaccesstotheprivateinformationofusers.ThelitigationwassettledinJuly2020for$7.5millionwithapayouttoclaimantsofatleast$5each,withamaximumof$12each.[332][333][334] OnMarch20,2019,theEuropeanCommissionimposeda€1.49billion($1.69billion)fineonGoogleforpreventingrivalsfrombeingableto“competeandinnovatefairly”intheonlineadvertisingmarket.EuropeanUnioncompetitioncommissionerMargretheVestagersaidGooglehadviolatedEUantitrustrulesby“imposinganti-competitivecontractualrestrictionsonthird-partywebsites”thatrequiredthemtoexcludesearchresultsfromGoogle'srivals.[335][336] France OnJanuary21,2019,FrenchdataregulatorCNILimposedarecord€50millionfineonGoogleforbreachingtheEuropeanUnion'sGeneralDataProtectionRegulation.ThejudgmentclaimedGooglehadfailedtosufficientlyinformusersofitsmethodsforcollectingdatatopersonalizeadvertising.Googleissuedastatementsayingitwas“deeplycommitted”totransparencyandwas“studyingthedecision”beforedeterminingitsresponse.[337] OnJanuary6,2022,France'sdataprivacyregulatorybodyCNILfinedAlphabet'sGooglea150millioneuros(US$169million)fornotallowingitsinternetusersaneasyrefusalofCookiesalongwithFacebook.[338] UnitedStates AfterU.S.CongressionalhearingsinJuly2020,[339]andareportfromtheU.S.HouseofRepresentatives'AntitrustSubcommitteereleasedinearlyOctober[340]theUnitedStatesDepartmentofJusticefiledanantitrustlawsuitagainstGoogleonOctober20,2020,assertingthatithasillegallymaintaineditsmonopolypositioninwebsearchandsearchadvertising.[341][342]ThelawsuitallegedthatGoogleengagedinanticompetitivebehaviorbypayingApplebetween$8billion-$12billiontobethedefaultsearchengineoniPhones.[343]Laterthatmonth,bothFacebookandAlphabetagreedto"cooperateandassistoneanother"inthefaceofinvestigationintotheironlineadvertisingpractices.[344][345] Privatebrowsinglawsuit Seealso:Privatebrowsing InearlyJune2020,a$5billionclass-actionlawsuitwasfiledagainstGooglebyagroupofconsumers,allegingthatChrome’sIncognitobrowsingmodestillcollectstheiruserhistory.[346][347]ThelawsuitbecameknowninMarch2021whenafederaljudgedeniedGoogle'srequesttodismissthecase,rulingthattheymustfacethegroup’scharges.[348][349]ReutersreportedthatthelawsuitallegedthatGoogle'sCEOSundarPichaisoughttokeeptheusersunawareofthisissue.[350] Genderdiscriminationlawsuit In2017,threewomensuedGoogle,accusingthecompanyofviolatingCalifornia'sEqualPayActbyunderpayingitsfemaleemployees.Thelawsuitcitedthewagegapewasaround$17,000andthatGooglelockedwomenintolowercareertracks,leadingtosmallersalariesandbonuses.InJune2022,Googleagreedtopayan$118millionsettlementto15,550femaleemployeesworkinginCaliforniasince2013.Asapartofthesettlement,Googlealsoagreedtohireathirdpartytoanalyzeitshiringandcompensationpractices.[351][352][353] U.S.governmentcontracts FollowingmediareportsaboutPRISM,theNSA'smassiveelectronicsurveillanceprogram,inJune2013,severaltechnologycompanieswereidentifiedasparticipants,includingGoogle.[354]Accordingtounnamedsources,GooglejoinedthePRISMprogramin2009,asYouTubein2010.[355] GooglehasworkedwiththeUnitedStatesDepartmentofDefenseondronesoftwarethroughthe2017ProjectMaventhatcouldbeusedtoimprovetheaccuracyofdronestrikes.[356]InApril2018,thousandsofGoogleemployees,includingseniorengineers,signedaletterurgingGoogleCEOSundarPichaitoendthiscontroversialcontractwiththePentagon.[357]GoogleultimatelydecidednottorenewthisDoDcontract,whichwassettoexpirein2019.[358] Seealso OutlineofGoogle HistoryofGoogle ListofGoogleproducts GoogleChina Googlelogo Googlization Google.org GoogleATAP ListofmergersandacquisitionsbyAlphabet Notes 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Furtherreading Saylor,Michael(2012).TheMobileWave:HowMobileIntelligenceWillChangeEverything.PerseusBooks/VanguardPress.ISBN 978-1-59315-720-3. Vaidhyanathan,Siya.2011.TheGooglizationofEverything:(AndWhyWeShouldWorry).UniversityofCaliforniaPress. Externallinks GoogleatWikipedia'ssisterprojects DefinitionsfromWiktionaryMediafromCommonsNewsfromWikinewsQuotationsfromWikiquoteTextbooksfromWikibooksResourcesfromWikiversityDatafromWikidataDiscussionsfromMeta-Wiki Officialwebsite BusinessdataforGoogle,Inc.:BloombergReutersSECfilings vteGoogle AlphabetInc. History ListofAndroidapps ListofEastereggs AprilFools'Day Listofmergersandacquisitions CompanyDivisions Ads AI Brain Android bootingprocess recoverymode softwaredevelopment versionhistory China Goojje Chrome Cloud Glass Google.org CrisisResponse PublicAlerts RechargeIT Health Maps Pixel Search Timeline SidewalkLabs Stadia Sustainability YouTube History "Meatthezoo" Socialimpact YouTuber PeopleCurrent KrishnaBharat VintCerf JeffDean JohnDoerr SanjayGhemawat AlGore JohnL.Hennessy UrsHölzle SalarKamangar RayKurzweil AnnMather AlanMulally SundarPichai(CEO) RuthPorat(CFO) RajenSheth HalVarian SusanWojcicki Former AndyBechtolsheim SergeyBrin(Founder) DavidCheriton MattCutts DavidDrummond AlanEustace TimnitGebru OmidKordestani PaulOtellini LarryPage(Founder) PatrickPichette EricSchmidt RamShriram AmitSinghal ShirleyM.Tilghman RachelWhetstone Realestate 111EighthAvenue Androidland Barges CentralSaintGiles ChelseaMarket ChromeZone Datacenters Modular Googleplex MayfieldMall SidewalkToronto St.John'sTerminal YouTubeSpace YouTubeTheater Design Fonts Croscore Noto ProductSans Roboto Logo Doodle DoodleChampionIslandGames MagicCatAcademy MaterialDesign comparisonofimplementations Events Android DeveloperChallenge DeveloperDay DeveloperLab Code-in CodeJam DeveloperDay DevelopersLive Doodle4Google G-Day I/O Jigsaw LivingStories LunarXPRIZE Mapathon ScienceFair SummerofCode TalksatGoogle YouTube Awards CNN/YouTubepresidentialdebates ComedyWeek Live MusicAwards SpaceLab SymphonyOrchestra Projectsandinitiatives 20%project AGoogleADay Area120 Reply Tables ATAP BusinessGroups ComputingUniversityInitiative DataLiberationFront DataTransferProject DeveloperExpert DigitalGarage DigitalNewsInitiative DigitalUnlocked Dragonfly Founders'Award FreeZone GetYourBusinessOnline GoogleforEducation GoogleforStartups Labs LiquidGalaxy MadewithCode Māori MLFairnessNativeClient NewsLab Nightingale OKR PowerMeter PrivacySandbox QuantumArtificialIntelligenceLab RechargeIT Shield SolveforX Starline StudentAmbassadorProgram Submarinecommunicationscables Dunant GraceHopper Sunroof VersusDebates YouTube CreatorAwards NextLabandAudienceDevelopmentGroup OriginalChannelInitiative Zero Criticism 2018databreach 2018walkouts 2020servicesoutages AlphabetWorkersUnion Censorship DeGoogle Dragonfly FairSearch "IdeologicalEchoChamber"memo Litigation Privacyconcerns StreetView SanFranciscotechbusprotests Smartphonepatentwars Workerorganization YouTube Backadvertisementcontroversy Censorship Copyrightissues Copyrightstrike Elsagate FantasticAdventuresscandal Headquartersshooting Kohistanvideocase ReactionstoInnocenceofMuslims Sloveniangovernmentincident DevelopmentOperatingsystems Android Automotive GlassOS Go gLinux Goobuntu Things TV Wear Chrome Chromium Neverware Fuchsia TVs Libraries/frameworks ALTS AMP Angular JS ARCore APIs Blockly ChartAPI Charts Dialogflow ExposureNotification FastPair FederatedLearningofCohorts FileSystem FlatBuffers Flutter Gears gRPC Gson Guava Guice Guetzli gVisor MapReduce Matter MobileServices NeuralMachineTranslation OpenSocial Pack Polymer ProtocolBuffers Reqwireless Shell SkiaGraphicsEngine Tango TensorFlow Test WaveNet Weave WebAccelerator WebRTC Platforms AppEngine AppJet AppsScript CloudPlatform Anvato Apigee Bigtable Bitium Chronicle VirusTotal ComputeEngine Connect Dataflow Datastore Kaggle Looker Mandiant Messaging Orbitera Shell Stackdriver Storage Firebase CloudMessaging Crashlytics GlobalIPSolutions InternetLowBitrateCodec InternetSpeechAudioCodec Gridcentric,Inc. ITASoftware Kubernetes LevelDB Neatx SageTV Tools AmericanFuzzyLop AndroidCloudtoDeviceMessaging AndroidDebugBridge AndroidStudio AppInventor AppMaker AppRuntimeforChrome AppSheet Bazel ChromeFrame ClosureTools Cpplint DataProtocol Gadgets Gerrit GYP Kythe Lighthouse MashupEditor NativeClient Optimize OpenRefine OR-Tools PageSpeed PluginforEclipse ProgrammableSearchEngine PublicDNS reCAPTCHA Schema.org SearchConsole Sitemaps Swiffy Tesseract(software) Trendalyzer VisBug WaveFederationProtocol WebToolkit Searchalgorithms Hummingbird PageRank applicationsinbiochemistry Matrix Panda Penguin Pigeon RankBrain Others BigQuery ChromeExperiments Fileformats AAB APK AV1 On2Technologies VP3 VP6 VP8 libvpx VP9 WebM WebP WOFF2 Flutter Googlebot KeyholeMarkupLanguage LaMDA OpenLocationCode Programminglanguages Caja Dart Go Sawzall Transformer Viewdle WebdriverTorso WebServer ProductsEntertainment Currents GreenThrottleGames OwlchemyLabs Oyster PaperofRecord.com Play Books Games mostdownloadedapps Music Newsstand Pass Services Podcasts Quick,Draw! SantaTracker Songza Stadia Games TyphoonStudios TV Vevo Video YouTube API BandPage ContentID FameBit Instant Kids Music Officialchannel Preferred Premium originalprogramming YouTubeRewind RightsFlow Shorts TV Communication Allo Bump Buzz Chat Contacts Currents(2019–2022) Dodgeball Duo Fi FriendConnect Gizmo5 Google+ Gmail History Inbox Interface Groups Hangouts Helpouts IME Japanese Pinyin Transliteration Jaiku Marratech Meebo Meet Messages Moderator NeotonicSoftware Orkut Postini QuestVisual WordLens Schemer Spaces Sparrow Talk Translate TranslatorToolkit Voice VoiceLocalSearch Wave Search Aardvark Alerts Answers Base BeatThatQuote.com BlogSearch Books NgramViewer CodeSearch DataCommons DatasetSearch Dictionary Directory FastFlip FluTrends Finance Goggles Google.by Images ImageLabeler ImageSwirl Kaltix KnowledgeGraph Freebase Metaweb Like.com News Archive Weather Patents PeopleCards PersonalizedSearch PublicDataExplorer QuestionsandAnswers SafeSearch Scholar Searchwiki Shopping Catalogs Express Squared Tenor Travel Flights Trends InsightsforSearch VoiceSearch WDYL Navigation Earth Endoxon ImageAmerica Maps Latitude MapMaker Navigation Pin StreetView Coverage Trusted Waze Businessandfinance AdManager AdMob Ads Adscape AdSense Attribution BebaPay Checkout Contributor DoubleClick AffiliateNetwork InviteMedia MarketingPlatform Analytics DataStudio Urchin Pay Send Tez PostRank Primer Softcard Wallet WildfireInteractive Organizationandproductivity Bookmarks BrowserSync Calendar CloudSearch Desktop DocsEditors Docs Drawings Forms FusionTables Keep Sheets Slides Sites Drive Etherpad fflick Files iGoogle Jamboard Notebook One Photos Publishing Apture Blogger PyraLabs Domains FeedBurner OnePass PageCreator Sites WebDesigner Quickoffice QuickSearchBox Surveys Sync Tasks Toolbar Others Account Dashboard Takeout AndroidAuto AndroidBeam Arts&Culture Assistant Authenticator Body BufferBox BuildingMaker BumpTop Cast Listofsupportedapps Chrome Apps Chromium DinosaurGame GreenBorder RemoteDesktop versionhistory WebStore Classroom CloudPrint Crowdsource Expeditions FamilyLink FindMyDevice Fit GoogleFonts Gboard GestureSearch Imagesandphotography Camera Lens Snapseed NikSoftware Panoramio Photos Picasa WebAlbums Picnik Impermium Knol Lively LiveTranscribe MyTracks NearbyShare Now Offers OpinionRewards PersonFinder PlinkArt Poly QuestionHub ReadAlong Reader SafeBrowsing Sidewiki SlickLogin Socratic SoundAmplifier SpeechServices Station Store TalkBack TiltBrush URLShortener Wavii WebLight WiFi Workspace Marketplace HardwareSmartphones AndroidDevPhone AndroidOne Nexus NexusOne S GalaxyNexus 4 5 6 5X 6P Comparison Pixel Pixel 2 3 3a 4 4a 5 5a 6 6a Comparison PlayEdition ProjectAra Laptopsandtablets Chromebook Nexus 7(2012) 7(2013) 10 9 Comparison Pixel ChromebookPixel Pixelbook PixelbookGo C PixelSlate Others Chromebit Chromebox Clips Digitalmediaplayers Chromecast NexusPlayer NexusQ Dropcam Fitbit Listofproducts LiquidGalaxy Nest SmartSpeakers Thermostat Wifi OnHub PixelBuds PixelVisualCore SearchAppliance Sycamoreprocessor TensorProcessingUnit TitanSecurityKey Virtualreality Cardboard ContactLens Daydream Glass RelatedTermsandphrases "Don'tbeevil" Gayglers Google(verb) Googlebombing 2004U.S.presidentialelection Googleeffect Googlefight Googlehacking Googleshare Googletax Googlewhack Googlization "Illegalflowertribute" Rooting Searchenginemanipulationeffect Sitelink Sitereliabilityengineering YouTubePoop Documentaries AlphaGo Google:BehindtheScreen GoogleCurrent GoogleMapsRoadTrip Google:TheThinkingFactory GoogleandtheWorldBrain TheCreepyLine Books GoogleHacks TheGoogleStory GoogleVolumeOne Googled:TheEndoftheWorldasWeKnowIt HowGoogleWorks I'mFeelingLucky InthePlex TheGoogleBook Popularculture GoogleFeud GoogleMe(film) "GoogleMe"(KimZolciaksong) "GoogleMe"(TeyanaTaylorsong) IsGoogleMakingUsStupid? Proceratiumgoogle MattNathanson:LiveatGoogle TheBillionDollarCode TheInternship WhereonGoogleEarthisCarmenSandiego? Others elgooG g.co .google PimpMySearch Predictionsoftheend RelationshipwithWikipedia Sensorvault StanfordDigitalLibraryProject Italicsindicatediscontinuedproductsorservices. Category Commons Outline WikiProject vteAlphabetInc.SubsidiariesCurrent Access GoogleFiber Calico CapitalG DeepMind AlphaFold AlphaGo vs.FanHui vs.KeJie vs.LeeSedol film FutureofGoSummit AlphaGoZero AlphaStar AlphaZero Master MuZero WaveNet Google DoubleClick Firebase Fitbit Tenor Waze YouTube GV IsomorphicLabs Verily BaselineStudy XDevelopment Waymo Wing Former BostonDynamics ChronicleSecurity Jigsaw Loon Makani MekaRobotics RedwoodRobotics NestLabs SidewalkLabs Toronto PeopleExecutivesCurrent SundarPichai(CEO) RuthPorat(CFO) Former LarryPage(CEO) SergeyBrin(President) DavidDrummond(CLO) BoardofdirectorsCurrent SergeyBrin JohnDoerr JohnL.Hennessy AnnMather AlanMulally LarryPage SundarPichai RamShriram RogerW.FergusonJr. Former EricSchmidt DianeGreene Others AndrewConrad TonyFadell ArthurD.Levinson DavidKrane RuthPorat AstroTeller Category  Companiesportal  Internetportal Linkstorelatedarticles vteOpenHandsetAllianceMobileoperators BouyguesTelecom ChinaMobile ChinaTelecommunicationsCorporation ChinaUnicom GruppoTIM KDDI NepalTelecom NTTDocomo SoftBankGroup SprintCorporation T-Mobile Telefónica Telus Vodafone Softwarecompanies Access AscenderCorporation eBay Google MyriadGroup NuanceCommunications NXPSoftware Omron PacketVideo SVOX VisualOn Semiconductorcompanies AKMSemiconductor ArmHoldings Audience Broadcom CSRplc(joinedasSiRF) CypressSemiconductor FreescaleSemiconductor Gemalto Intel MarvellTechnologyGroup MediaTek MIPSTechnologies Nvidia Qualcomm QualcommAtheros RenesasElectronics ST-Ericsson(joinedasEricssonMobilePlatforms) Synaptics TexasInstruments Handsetmakers Acer AlcatelMobilePhones Asus ChaudharyGroup(withassociationofLG) CCI Dell Foxconn Garmin HTC Huawei Kyocera LenovoMobile LGElectronics MotorolaMobility NECCorporation SamsungElectronics SharpCorporation SonyMobile Toshiba ZTE Commercializationcompanies Accenture Borqs SaskenCommunicationTechnologies Teleca TheAstonishingTribe WindRiverSystems WiproTechnologies Seealso Android Dalvikvirtualmachine GoogleNexus T-MobileG1 vteGoogleLunarXPrizeOrganizers Google SundarPichai LarryPage SergeyBrin XPrizeFoundation PeterDiamandis Finalistteams Hakuto MoonExpress SpaceIL SynergyMoon TeamIndus Withdrawnteams Advaeros AngelicvM ARCA Astrobotic BarcelonaMoonTeam C-BaseOpenMoon Euroluna FREDNET Independence-X JURBAN LunaTrex Micro-Space MysticalMoon NextGiantLeap OdysseyMoon OmegaEnvoy Part-TimeScientists PennStateLunarLionTeam TeamPuli Quantum3 RocketCitySpacePioneers SCSG Selenokhod SpaceMETA STELLAR TeamItalia TeamPhoenicia TeamPlanB TeamSELENE Spacecraft ALINA(Part-TimeScientists) Beresheet(SpaceIL) HHK-1/ECA(TeamIndus) MX-1E(MoonExpress) Peregrine(Astrobotic) SORATO(Hakuto) Tesla(SynergyMoon) Unity(AngelicvM) vteMajormobiledevicecompaniesCompanieswithanannualrevenueofoverUS$3billion Acer Alba Amazon Apple Asus BBKElectronics Oppo OnePlus Vivo Realme iQOO BlackBerryLimited BLUProducts Bush Dell Foxconn Sharp InFocus Nokia Fujitsu GeeksPhone Gionee Google(Fitbit) Haier Hisense Honor HTC HP Huawei Intel Kyocera Lenovo MotorolaMobility LG Meizu Microsoft Lumia HMDGlobal Nokia OnyxBoox Panasonic Samsung Sony TCL AlcatelMobile BlackBerryMobile RCA Palm Toshiba Transsion Tecno Infinix Itel TinnoMobile Wiko True Vaio VinSmart Xiaomi Redmi POCO BlackShark ZTE Nubia Zoostorm Seealso LargestITcompanies Category:Mobiletechnologycompanies Category:Mobilephonemanufacturers vteMajorInternetcompaniesCompanieswithanannualrevenueofoverUS$4billionInternet Adobe Alibaba Alphabet Google Amazon Apple Baidu IAC Kakao Meituan Meta Facebook Microsoft Naver NetEase Tencent Twitter,Inc. Twitter Yandex Cloudcomputing Akamai AlibabaCloud AWS AppleiCloud Google IBM MicrosoftAzure OracleCorporation Salesforce ServiceNow E-commerce Amazon.com Apple BookingHoldings Coupang eBay Expedia Flipkart Groupon JD.com Lazada Rakuten Shopee Shopify Suning.com Trip.com Uber Wayfair Zalando Media Bloomberg BuzzFeed ByteDance Kuaishou G/OMedia Netflix ParamountStreaming Spotify vteMajorsoftwarecompaniesCompanieswithannualsoftwarerevenueofoverUS$3billion Adobe AmadeusITGroup Amazon Apple Autodesk Citrix FIS Google HPE IBM Intuit Infor Microsoft Oracle QuestSoftware SageGroup SAP Tencent Seealso LargestITcompanies Largestsoftwarecompanies Category:Softwarecompanies vteLaureatesofthePrinceorPrincessofAsturiasAwardforCommunicationandHumanitiesPrinceofAsturiasAwardforCommunicationandHumanities1980s 1981:MaríaZambrano 1982:MarioBunge 1983:ElPaísnewspaper 1984:ClaudioSánchez-Albornoz 1985:JoséFerraterMora 1986:GrupoGlobo 1987:ElEspectadorandElTiemponewspapers 1988:HoracioSáenzGuerrero 1989:PedroLaínEntralgoandFondodeCulturaEconómica 1990s 1990:JoséSimeónCañasCentralAmericanUniversity 1991:LuisMaríaAnson 1992:EmilioGarcíaGómez 1993:VueltamagazinebyOctavioPaz 1994:SpanishMissionsinRwandaandBurundi 1995:EFEAgencyandJoséLuisLópezAranguren 1996:IndroMontanelliandJuliánMarías 1997:VáclavHavelandCNN 1998:ReinhardMohn 1999:CaroandCuervoInstitute 2000s 2000:UmbertoEco 2001:GeorgeSteiner 2002:HansMagnusEnzensberger 2003:RyszardKapuścińskiandGustavoGutiérrezMerino 2004:JeanDaniel 2005:AllianceFrançaise,SocietàDanteAlighieri,BritishCouncil,Goethe-Institut,InstitutoCervantesandInstitutoCamões 2006:NationalGeographicSociety 2007:NatureandSciencejournals 2008:Google 2009:NationalAutonomousUniversityofMexico 2010s 2010:AlainTouraineandZygmuntBauman 2011:RoyalSociety 2012:ShigeruMiyamoto 2013:AnnieLeibovitz 2014:Quino PrincessofAsturiasAwardforCommunicationandHumanities2010s 2015:EmilioLledóÍñigo 2016:JamesNachtwey 2017:LesLuthiers 2018:AlmaGuillermoprieto 2019:MuseodelPrado 2020s 2020:GuadalajaraInternationalBookFairandHayFestivalofLiterature&Arts 2021:GloriaSteinem 2022:AdamMichnik vteElectronicsindustryintheUnitedStatesCompaniesHomeappliances Apple Bose Cisco Corsair Dell DolbyLaboratories ElementElectronics EmersonRadio Harman JBL Honeywell HP InFocus JensenElectronics Kenmore Kingston Kimball Koss Lexmark Logitech Magnavox Marantz Memorex Microsoft Monster Plantronics PlanarSystems PyleUSA Razer Seagate SeikiDigital Skullcandy TurtleBeach ViewSonic Vizio WesternDigital HGST SanDisk WestinghouseElectricCompany WestinghouseElectronics Xerox Electroniccomponents 3M Achronix AnalogDevices MaximIntegrated AppliedMaterials Altera AVX Cirque DiodesInc. Flex Jabil KEMET MaxwellTechnologies Sanmina Vishay Semiconductordevices AMD AmpereComputing Apple Broadcom CypressSemiconductor GlobalFoundries IBM Intel Interlink KLA-Tencor LamResearch Lattice MarvellTechnology Microchip(Atmel) Micron NetApp NimbusData Nvidia Mellanox NXP Onsemi Qualcomm SiliconImage Synaptics Tabula TexasInstruments Xilinx Zilog Mobiledevices Apple BLU Google Lenovo(MotorolaMobility) Other CadenceDesignSystems Cray GE RCA OracleCorporation Synopsys Defunct Actel AtariCorporation Commodore Compaq Fairchild Freescale LSI Microsemi NationalSemiconductor Palm Philco RCA Signetics SiliconGraphics Solectron SunMicrosystems ZenithElectronics Portals: Companies Computerprogramming Internet SanFranciscoBayArea Technology AuthoritycontrolGeneral ISNI 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat Nationallibraries Norway France(data) Catalonia Germany Israel UnitedStates CzechRepublic Australia Sweden Artgalleriesandmuseums TePapa(NewZealand) Other SUDOC(France) 1 Trove(Australia) 1 Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Google&oldid=1096479583" Categories:Google1998establishmentsinCalifornia2004initialpublicofferingsAlphabetInc.ArtificialintelligenceCloudcomputingprovidersCompaniesbasedinMountainView,CaliforniaCompaniesinthePRISMnetworkComputercompaniesestablishedin1998Computer-relatedintroductionsin1998Internetpropertiesestablishedin1998MobilephonemanufacturersMultinationalcompaniesheadquarteredintheUnitedStatesTechnologycompaniesbasedintheSanFranciscoBayAreaTechnologycompaniesestablishedin1998Universityspin-offsVirtualrealitycompaniesWebportalsWebserviceprovidersWebbyAwardwinnersAmericancorporatesubsidiariesHiddencategories:ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionmatchesWikidataWikipediapagessemi-protectedagainstvandalismWikipediaindefinitelymove-protectedpagesUseAmericanEnglishfromJuly2018AllWikipediaarticleswritteninAmericanEnglishUsemdydatesfromMarch2022Articlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfrom2015AllarticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsArticleswithhAudiomicroformatsPagesincludingrecordedpronunciationsArticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfromAugust2015Articlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfrom1998ArticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfromSeptember2020Articlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfrom2020ArticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfromMarch2019Articlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfrom2007ArticlescontainingpotentiallydatedstatementsfromFebruary2009PagesusingSisterprojectlinkswithhiddenwikidataPagesusingSisterprojectlinkswithdefaultsearchArticleswithISNIidentifiersArticleswithVIAFidentifiersArticleswithWORLDCATIDidentifiersArticleswithBIBSYSidentifiersArticleswithBNFidentifiersArticleswithCANTICNidentifiersArticleswithGNDidentifiersArticleswithJ9UidentifiersArticleswithLCCNidentifiersArticleswithNKCidentifiersArticleswithNLAidentifiersArticleswithSELIBRidentifiersArticleswithTePapaidentifiersArticleswithSUDOCidentifiersArticleswithTroveidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadViewsourceViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommonsMeta-WikiWikiquoteWikiversity Languages AfrikaansአማርኛÆngliscالعربيةঅসমীয়াAsturianuAzərbaycancaتۆرکجهBasaBaliBamanankanবাংলাBanjarBân-lâm-gúБеларускаяБеларуская(тарашкевіца)भोजपुरीБългарскиBoarischBosanskiBrezhonegCatalàЧӑвашлаCebuanoČeštinaCymraegDanskالدارجةDeutschދިވެހިބަސްDolnoserbskiडोटेलीEestiΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFøroysktFrançaisGaeilgeGalego贛語ગુજરાતી客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî한국어HausaՀայերենहिन्दीHornjoserbsceHrvatskiBahasaHulontaloIdoIgboBahasaIndonesiaInterlinguaᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitutIsiZuluÍslenskaItalianoעבריתJawaKabɩyɛಕನ್ನಡქართულიҚазақшаIkirundiKreyòlayisyenKurdîКыргызчаລາວLatinaLatviešuLietuviųLigureMagyarमैथिलीМакедонскиMalagasyമലയാളംमराठीმარგალურიمصرىمازِرونیBahasaMelayuꯃꯤꯇꯩꯂꯣꯟMinangkabauMìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄Монголမြန်မာဘာသာNāhuatlNederlandsनेपाली日本語ߒߞߏNorskbokmålNorsknynorskOccitanଓଡ଼ିଆOromooOʻzbekcha/ўзбекчаਪੰਜਾਬੀپنجابیپښتوភាសាខ្មែរPiemontèisPlattdüütschPolskiPortuguêsQaraqalpaqshaRomânăRunaSimiРусскийСахатылаᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤScotsShqipSicilianuසිංහලSimpleEnglishسنڌيSlovenčinaSlovenščinaSoomaaligaکوردیСрпски/srpskiSrpskohrvatski/српскохрватскиSundaSuomiSvenskaTagalogதமிழ்TaclḥitТатарча/tatarçaతెలుగుTetunไทยትግርኛТоҷикӣತುಳುTürkçeTürkmençeThuɔŋjäŋУкраїнськаاردوئۇيغۇرچە/UyghurcheVènetoTiếngViệtWalon文言West-VlamsWinaray吴语ייִדישYorùbá粵語ZazakiZeêuwsŽemaitėška中文PangcahTyap Editlinks