CCD Suitability Find the optimum camera/telescope ...

CCD Suitability Calculator ... The ideal pixel size for OK Seeing (2-4" FWHM) seeing is: 0.67 - 2" / pixel. This combination leads to slight under-sampling. This ... Togglenavigation FieldofView Calculators FocalLength/Ratio Magnification FieldofView TelescopeCapabilities BinocularCalculators CCDCalculators CCDSuitability CCDFilterSize Dust/ReflectionCalculator GuidescopeSuitability UnitConversionCalculators StarChart CloudForecast LookupCoordinates FAQ Links GetInTouch CCDSuitabilityFindtheoptimumcamera/telescopecombinationforyourskies Atelescopefocusesastarasaroundpointoflight.Assuminghighqualityoptics,thediameterofthepointoflightisdeterminedbythetelescope’sfocallength(longerfocallengthsresultinlargerstardiameters)andthesky's‘seeing’conditions(atmosphericdispersionspreadsthepointoflight,makingitlarger).Shortfocallengthtelescopesandidealseeingconditionsprovidethesmalleststars,longerfocallengthsandlessfavourableskiesproducelargerstars. Thechallenge Forastartoretainit'sroundshapewhenviewedonyourscreenorphotographit’sdiametermustcoverasufficientnumberofpixels.Toofewandtheimagewillbe'under-sampled’,thestarswillappearblockyandangular'.Forasmoothermorenaturallookmorepixelsarerequired,butnottoomanybecauseifyouusemorepixelsthanarenecessarytoachieveroundstarstheimageis'over-sampled’.Over-sampledimageslookrathernicebecausethestarsareroundwithsmoothedgesbutifyouhavemorepixelsthanarenecessarywhynotuseareducertoreducethetelescope’seffectivefocallength,whichmakestheimagebrighterandenablesyoutofitmoreskyonyoursensor.Inaffect,over-samplingreducesfieldofview. Thetheory Inthe1920sHaroldNyquistdevelopedatheoremfordigitalsamplingofanalogsignals.Nyquist’sformulasuggeststhesamplingrateshouldbedoublethefrequencyoftheanalogsignal.So,ifOKseeingisbetween2-4”FWHMthenthesamplingrate,accordingtoNyquist,shouldbe1-2”. ThereissomedebatearoundusingthisformodernCCDsensorsbecausetheyusesquarepixels,andwewanttoimageroundstars.Usingtypicalseeingat4”FWHM,Nyquist’sformulawouldsuggesteachpixelhas2”resolutionwhichwouldmeanastarcouldfallonjustonepixel,oritmightilluminatea2x2array,sobecapturedasasquare. Thesolution Itisbetterthentoimagewitharesolution1/3oftheanalogsignal,doingthiswillensureastarwillalwaysfallonmultiplepixelssoremaincircular. Ourcalculator,attypicalseeingof2-4”,usestheNyquistformulaof1/2andthe1/3tostopstarsbecomingsquaresotheoptimalrangeisbetween0.67”and2”.(0.67=2/3,2=4/2). Insummary,weareusingNyquistasastartingpoint,withaslighttweak,becausewearetypicallysamplingverysmall,circular,stars. Makingiteasy Whenusingourcalculatoryouyoudon’tneedtounderstandthetheoryorthemaths.Simplyenterthetelescope'sfocallength,thecamera'spixelsizeandyoursky'sseeingconditionstodetermineiftheyareagoodmatch:-) Afewnotes: WeareassumingOKseeingisbetween2-4”FWHMandaresolutionbetween0.67”and2”perpixelisthesweetspot.Over2”isunder-samplingandunder0.67"isover-sampling.Thescalechangesaccordingtothe‘seeing’conditionsentered. Thecalculatorusesmathstodetermineitsresult,itisnotinfluencedbybrandorsalesspiel.Iftheresultsuggestsyourexistingtelescope/cameracombinationislessthanidealpleasedon’tshootthemessenger.Pleasingimagescanbemadeusinglessthanoptimumequipment. Dependingontheresult,amessagewillsuggesthowthesituationmightbeimproved,i.e.pixelbinningorusingabarlow. Under-samplingisworsethanover-sampling.Whenover-samplingyoudolosefield-of-viewand,probably,somesensitivitybutthestarshapesarepleasing. UnbinnablesmallpixelOneShotColourcameras(mostlyDSLRs)arenotagoodchoiceforusewithwithlongfocallengthtelescopes,likeSCTs. Pixel-scale(thesubjectofthiscalculator)isarguablythemostimportantfactortoconsiderwhenchoosingacameraforyourtelescope,butthereareothers:sensorsize,sensitivity,darkcurrent,readnoise,antiblooming,etc.Theyallplayapart.Pleasedon’tbaseyourpurchasedecisiononpixel-scalealone.Mostastronomyretailersunderstandthesignificanceofpixel-scalesowillconsiderit,togetherwithotherfactors,beforerecommendingacamera/telescopecombination. Ifyourtelescopeorcameraisnotlistedpleaseaddit. AtAstronomyToolswewanttomakeusefulinformationavailabletoall.Ifyoucanseeawaywecanimproveanyofourcalculators,orwouldlikeustobuildanewone,pleasecontactus. CCDSuitabilityCalculator CalculatetheresoutioninarcsecondsperpixelofaCCDwithaparticulartelescope. ResolutionFormula: ( PixelSize / TelescopeFocalLength ) X206.265  AddNewEquipmentToDatabase Telescope: CustomScope AGOptical-Convergent10"f5AGOptical-iDK10"f6.7AGOptical-iDK12.5"f5AGOptical-iDK12.5"f6.8AGOptical-iDK14.5f5AGOptical-iDK14.5"f6.7AGOptical-iDK17"f6.7AGOptical-iDK18"f6.7AgenaAstro-StarGuiderII50mmFinderAirdrieObservatory-VictorianRefractorAltair-60EDFAltair-60mmMiniGuiderAltair-72EDFAltair-80mmFinderAltair-F4NewtonianAstrographAltair-Lightwave60Altair-Lightwave66EDAltair-Lightwave72ED-RAltair-Lightwave80EDAltair-RC-300TTV3Altair-RC250TTAltair-RC250TTAltair-Starwave110Altair-Starwave152f5.9Altair-Starwave152V3"RedTube"AchromatAltair-Starwave50mmFinderAltair-Starwave70EDQ-RAltair-Starwave70EDAltair-Starwave80EDAltair-Wave102F7EDTripletAltair-Wave115EDAltair-Wave130EDTAltair-Wave80Apertura-AD1010"DobsonianApertura-AD1212"DobsonianApertura-AD88"DobsonianAPM-100EDDoublet45-DegreeBinocularAPM-100f5.5Semi-Apo(gray)APM-107/700APM-120APOBinocularAPM-123/738APM-140EDDoubletAPOAPM-140/980APM-152/1200APM-203/1800APM-304/3600APM-80/480APM-LZOS115f7APM-LZOS130/780APM-LZOS130/780APM-LZOS180APOAPM-MCT406/4000Aquila-90/500Artesky-ARTEC200ASA-10NASA-400RCASA-CA400ASA-N-250Ascension-102f7Ascension-127EDAPOAscension-80EDAskar-ACL200Askar-FMA180Askar-FRA400Askar-FRA600Astelco-TCC1Astele-70/925AstroPhysics-10”MaksutovAstroPhysics-130EDFAstroPhysics-155f7AstroPhysics-175EDFF/8AstroPhysics-AP10"MakCassAstroPhysics-RH305AstroPhysics-Starfire130EDFAstroPhysics-Starfire152f9AstroPhysics-StowawayAstroPhysics-TMB180AstroPhysics-Traveler105AstroProfessional-102/714AstroProfessional-110/770AstroProfessional-80/560AstroSystems-10"f4NewtonianAstrosystems-20"f3.9DobsonianAstroSystems-8"f5NewtonianAstroTech-12"AstrographAstroTech-AT106EDTAstroTech-AT10INTAstroTech-AT10RCAstroTech-AT111EDAstroTech-AT115EDTAstroTech-AT12INTAstroTech-AT130EDTAstroTech-AT130EDTAstroTech-AT14RCTAstroTech-AT152EDTAstroTech-AT60EDAstroTech-AT65EDQAstroTech-AT65EDQAstroTech-AT6RCAstroTech-AT72EDAstroTech-AT72EDiiAstroTech-AT80EDTAstroTech-AT8INAstroTech-AT8RCAstroTech-AT92APOAstronomersWithoutBorders-OneskyBorg-107FL@f/6Borg-107FLF/3.9EDBorg-107FLf/5.6Borg-36ED@f/6.0Borg-45EDII@f/5.0Borg-50FL@f/5.6Borg-55FL@f/3.6Borg-55FL@f/4.5Borg-60ED@f4Borg-67FL@f/3.8Borg-67FL@f/[email protected]@f/3.9Borg-71FL@f/4Borg-71FL@f/5.6Borg-71FL@f/6.0Borg-76-EDBorg-77EDII@f/4.3Borg-77EDII@f/4.6Borg-77EDII@f/6.6Borg-89ED@f/4.3Borg-89ED@f/4.7Borg-89ED@f/6.7Borg-90FL@f/3.6Borg-90FL@f/4Borg-90FL@f/5.6Bresser-6"PlanetaryDobsonianBresser-AR-127SBresser-AR-152SBresser-AR127LBresser-Messier10"Bresser-Messier102/1000Bresser-MessierDobsonianBresser-Messier-R152sCanon-200mmf2.8lensCelestron-102SLTCelestron-114GTCelestron-127SLTCelestron-130SLTCelestron-14"EdgeHD+HyperstarCelestron-14"RoweAckermannSchmidtAstrographCelestron-8”Rowe-AckermannSchmidtAstrographCelestron-80SLTCelestron-90SLTCelestron-AdvancedVX5SCTCelestron-AstroFi102mmMaksutovCelestron-AstroFi125mm/5"SCTCelestron-AstroFi130mmNewtonianCelestron-AstroFi6"SCTCelestron-AstroMaster114EQCelestron-AstroMaster130EQCelestron-AstroMaster70EQ/AZCelestron-AstroMaster80EQCelestron-AstroMaster90EQ/AZCelestron-AstroMasterLT60AZCelestron-AstroMasterLT70AZCelestron-AstroMasterLT76AZCelestron-C100EDCelestron-C11+HyperstarCelestron-C11EDGEHDCelestron-C11EdgeHD+HyperStarv4Celestron-C11SCTCelestron-C11SCTCelestron-C14EDGEHDCelestron-C14SCTCelestron-C14SCTCelestron-C5SCT(akaSpottingScope)Celestron-C6SCTCelestron-C6NCelestron-C6RCelestron-C8EDGEHDCelestron-C8EdgeHD+Hyperstarv3Celestron-C8EdgeHD+Hyperstarv4Celestron-C8SCTCelestron-C8NCelestron-C8NAdvancedVXCelestron-C9.25+HyperstarCelestron-C9.25EDGEHDCelestron-C9.25SCTCelestron-C90MakCelestron-C925EdgeHD+HyperstarCelestron-CPC1100DeluxeHDCelestron-CPC1100EdgeHDCelestron-CPC1100GPSCelestron-CPC800DeluxeHDCelestron-CPC800GPSCelestron-CPC800SCTCelestron-CPC925DeluxeHDCelestron-CPC925GPSCelestron-Firstscope76Celestron-NexStar102GTCelestron-NexStar4SECelestron-NexStar5SLTCelestron-NexStar5SECelestron-NexStar6SLTCelestron-NexStar6SECelestron-NexStar8SECelestron-NexStarEvolution5Celestron-NexStarEvolution6Celestron-NexStarEvolution8Celestron-NexStarEvolution9.25Celestron-OmniXLT102Celestron-OmniXLT120Celestron-OmniXLT127Celestron-OmniXLT150(Newtonian)Celestron-OmniXLT150-R(Refractor)Celestron-Powerseeker70Celestron-Rowe-AckermannAstrographCelestron-Skyprodigy6SCTCelestron-TravelScope70CFF-92mmCFFTelescopes-250mmRCf15Coronado-PSTCoronado-SolarmaxII60Coronado-SolarMaxII60mmCustom-16"f5DobsonianD&GOptical-RefractorDarkStar-14"f4.5DobsonianDavidLukehurst-18"F4DobsonianExploreScientific-102mmEDAPOTripletEssentialExploreScientific-127edExploreScientific-208f3.9NewtonianExploreScientific-208mmf3.9ExploreScientific-AR102ExploreScientific-AR127ExploreScientific-AR152ExploreScientific-CometHunterExploreScientific-ED115f/5.5ExploreScientific-ES80APOGSO-10"Newtonf5GSO-12"f4TrussNewtonianGSO-12"Newtonian(various)GSO-12"RC(various)GSO-14"RC(various)GSO-200mmf4GSO-6"Newtonf5GSO-8"f/12ClassicalCassegrainGSO-CarbonFibreNewton8"f/5GSO-RC6GSO-RC8CarbonFibre8"f/8Ikharos-10"RCIkharos-200mmRCiOptron-Photron6"RCiOptron-Photron8"RCIstar-Pe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0Takahashi-TSA-102Takahashi-TSA-120Takahashi-TSC225Tal-100RSTAL-200KTEC-140EDTEC-140EDApoTripletTEC-160-APOTEC-160FLf7TeleVue-NP-101TelescopServices-80mmtripletapofpl53TelescopServices-TS65QuadTelescopeService-60/234mmRichfieldRefractorTelescopeService-TSImagingStar65mmf/6,5QuadrupletAstrographTelescopeService-TSPHOTOLINE130mmf/7TripletAPOTelescopeService-TSPhotoline80mmf/6TripletTeleskopService-EDAPO90/500TeleskopService-INED70TeleskopService-TLAPO1027FTTeleskopService-TSED70QTeleskopService-TSAPO81QTelevue-102TeleVue-NP101isTeleVue-NP127isTeleVue-TV-85TeleVue-TV102TMB-100/800TMB-130TMB-80mmSuperAPOTMB/APM-152TPO-16"RCTS-102APOTS-115mmAPOTS-130Qf5TS-150mmNewtonianf5TS-152mmf5.9TS-50mmAPOf6.6TS-8"f/5ONTCTS-80mmf7.5TS-APO71QTS-ImagingStar100TS-ImagingStar130mmf5TS-ImagingStar71(f4.9)TS-ONTCNewtonTSOptics-94mmf/5.5TripletApoTSOptics-94EDPHf/4.4TSOptics-Imagingstar70mmf/6.78quadrupletEDVixen-140SSNeo-AchromatVixen-AX103SVixen-BT-ED70S-AVixen-BT81S-AVixen-ED102SSVixen-ED80SFVixen-ED81sVixen-R130SfVixen-R135SVixen-R200SSVixen-RR200SSVixen-SD103SVixen-VC200LVixen-VMC110LVixen-VMC200LVixen-VMC260LWilliamOptics-98-FLT@f/6.3WilliamOptics-FLT-110f/7WilliamOptics-FLT-123f/6(LZOS)WilliamOptics-FLT-132f/7WilliamOptics-FLT132WilliamOptics-FLT91WilliamOptics-GT-102f/6.9WilliamOptics-GT-102Ff/6.9(5-element)WilliamOptics-GT-81f/5.9WilliamOptics-GT-81f/6.6(5-element)Williamoptics-GT71WilliamOptics-Megrez-110f/5.95WilliamOptics-Megrez-72f/6.0WilliamOptics-Megrez-80f/6(LOMO)WilliamOptics-Megrez-90f/6.2WilliamOptics-Megrez-90f/6.9WilliamOptics-RedCat51mmf/4.9WilliamOptics-Star-71f/4.9WilliamOptics-Zenithstar61FPL53WilliamOptics-ZenithStar-103EDf/6.9WilliamOptics-ZenithStar-66SDf/5.9WilliamOptics-ZenithStar-71EDf/5.9WilliamOptics-ZenithStar-80IIED f/6.8WilliamOptics-ZS126WilliamOptics-ZS73&ZS73IIWilliamsOptics-GuideScopeZiess-Telementor FocalLength: mm Barlow/Reducer: None0.33xReducer0.4xReducer0.5xReducer0.63xReducer0.67xReducer0.7xReducer0.72xReducer0.73xReducer0.8xReducer0.85xReducer1.15xBarlow1.5xBarlow1.6xBarlow2xBarlow2.25xBarlow2.5xBarlow2.75xBarlow3xBarlow4xBarlow4.2xBarlow5xBarlow Camera: CustomCamera ALCCD-QHY-21cALCCD-QHY-22cALCCD-QHY-23cAltair-GPCAM2AR0130MAltairAstro-GPCAMMT9M034MAltairAstro-GPCAMV2IMX224CAstroVideoSystems-DSO-1Atik-11000Atik-16200Mono/ColourAtik-16icAtik-314LPlusAtik-320EAtik-383L+Atik-4000Atik-4120EXAtik-414EXAtik-420Atik-428EXAtik-450Atik-460EXAtik-490EXAtik-ACIS12.3Atik-ACIS2.4Atik-ACIS7.1Atik-Apx60(CosMOS)Atik-GPAtik-HorizonAtik-InfinityAtik-One6.0Atik-One9.0Atik-TitanCanon-1000DCanon-10DCanon-1200DCanon-20DCanon-30DCanon-350DCanon-450DCanon-50dCanon-550DCanon-5DSCanon-5DSRCanon-600DCanon-600DCanon-60DaCanon-6DCanon-70DCanon-760DCanon-7DCanon-EOS1000DCanon-EOS100DCanon-EOS1100DCanon-EOS40DCanon-EOS500DCanon-EOS5DMk11Canon-EOS5DMk111Canon-EOS5DMkIVCanon-EOS700DCanon-EOS750DCanon-EOS7DmkIICanon-EOS80DCelestron-NexImage10Celestron-Neximage5Celestron-NeximageBurstCelestron-NexImageSolarSystemImagerCelestron-Nightscape8300Celestron-Skyris132Celestron-Skyris236Celestron-Skyris274Celestron-Skyris445Celestron-Skyris618FLI-ML8300FLI-ML-09000FLI-ML11002FLI-ML16803FLI-ML16803FLI-ML50100FLI-ProlinePL16803Fujifilm-X-T1Fujifilm-X-T1ImagingSource-DMK41AU02iNova-PLB-CxLacerta-MGEN-3Lacerta-MGEN-IILumix-GH2MallinCam-SkyRaiderMallincam-SkyRaider23DSPlusMeade-DSI2Meade-DSIIIIProMeade-DSI-CMicrosoft-HDLifecamMoravian-16803Moravian-G2-4000Moravian-G3-1000Moravian-G3-11000Moravian-G3-16200Moravian-G3-16200MoravianInstruments-G2-8300NIKON-D300SNikon-D3300Nikon-D5100Nikon-D5300Nikon-D5500Nikon-D7000Nikon-D70SNikon-D750Nikon-D7500Nikon-D800Nikon-D810aNikon-V1Olympus-E-PM1Olympus-OMDEm-5mk2Opticstar-DS-616CXLOrion-SSAGOrion-StarShootAutoGuiderOrion-StarShootG3MonoOrion-StarShootIVPanasonic-DMC-G3Panasonic-DMC-GH4PCOImaging-PCOEdgePentax-K-30PhilDyer-PD1Phillips-SPC900NCPlayerOne-Mars-CPlayerOne-Mars-MPlayerOne-Neptune-CPlayerOne-Neptune-CIIPlayerOne-Neptune-MPointGrey-BlackflyIMX249PointGrey-Chameleon3IMX264PointGrey-Chameleon3IMX265PointGreyResearch-ChameleonColor1/3"PtGrey-GrasshopperQHY-09000AQHY-10QHY-11QHY-12QHY-128CQHY-16200AQHY-163M/CQHY-16803AQHY-168CQHY-174M/C/GPSQHY-178M/CQHY-183M/CQHY-21QHY-22QHY-224CQHY-23QHY-247CQHY-268CPH/EB/ProQHY-27QHY-28QHY-29QHY-290M/CQHY-294M/CProQHY-367CProQHY-410CQHY-461QHY-5QHY-5-II-MQHY-5-III-174M/CQHY-5-III-178M/CQHY-5-III-185CQHY-5-III-224CQHY-5-III-290M/CQHY-5-III-462CQHY-550M/C/PQHY-5L-II-M/CQHY-5P-II-M/CQHY-5R-II-CQHY-6QHY-600M/CL/PH/ProQHY-695AQHY-8QHY-814AQHY-8L/ProQHY-9/9SQHY-90AQHY-IMG132EQHY-miniCAM5QSI-532wsgQSI-583QSI-6120QSI-616QSI-6162QSI-632QSI-660QSI-683QSI-690RasberryPiv2-SonyIMX219PQCMOSRaspberrypiCamera-version1.3S-BIG-ST8300CSBIG-ST-1001ESBIG-ST-10XMESBIG-ST-2000XMSBIG-ST-237SBIG-STF-8300SBIG-STF-8300MSBIG-STL-1001eSBIG-STX-16803Sony-A100Sony-A580Sony-A7sSony-Alpha3000Sony-Alphaa55Sony-NEX5NSony-PlaystationEyeStarlightXpress-CoStarStarlightXpress-H16StarlightXpress-LodestarStarlightXpress-LodestarCStarlightXpress-LodestarX2StarlightXpress-SuperstarStarlightXpress-SXTriusCSX-249CMOSStarlightXpress-SXTriusCSX-290CMOSStarlightXpress-SXTriusCSX-304CMOSStarlightXpress-SXVR-H18StarlightXpress-SXVR-H9StarlightXpress-TriusPRO-834StarlightXpress-TriusSX-16StarlightXpress-TriusSX-25CStarlightXpress-TriusSX-26CStarlightXpress-TriusSX-46StarlightXpress-TriusSX-56StarlightXpress-TriusSX-9StarlightXpress-TriusSX/PRO-35StarlightXpress-TriusSX/PRO-36StarlightXpress-TriusSX/PRO-674StarlightXpress-TriusSX/PRO-694StarlightXpress-TriusSX/PRO-814StarlightXpress-TriusSX/PRO-825StarlightXpress-UltrastarToucamPro-SC4ToupTek-GCMOS01200KMAMonoImager/GuiderToupTek-GCMOS01200KPAColourImager/GuiderZWO-ASI034MCZWO-ASI071MC-ProZWO-ASI094MC-ProZWO-ASI120MC-SZWO-ASI120MM/MC/MiniZWO-ASI128MC-ProZWO-ASI1600ZWO-ASI1600MM/MC/GTZWO-ASI174MM/MC/MiniZWO-ASI178MM/MCZWO-ASI183MM/MC/GTZWO-ASI185MCZWO-ASI185MCZWO-ASI224MCZWO-ASI2400MC-ProZWO-ASI2600MM/MC-ProZWO-ASI290MM/MC/MiniZWO-ASI294MM/MC-ProZWO-ASI385MCZWO-ASI462MCZWO-ASI482MCZWO-ASI533MC-ProZWO-ASI6200MM/MC-Pro CCDPixelSize µm CCDBinning 1x1 2x2 3x3 4x4 5x5 Seeing ExceptionalSeeing(0.5-1"FWHM) GoodSeeing(1-2"FWHM) OKSeeing(2-4"FWHM) PoorSeeing(4-5"FWHM) VeryPoorSeeing(5-6"FWHM) = Resolution: "/pixel ×Close AddEquipmentToTheAstronomy.toolsDatabase Helpustogrowbyaddingadditionalequipmenttothedatabase.Whenaddinganeyepieceorbinocular,pleasedon'tincludethemagnificationoraperturedetailsinthemodel,thiswillgetaddedautomatically. AddTelescope AddEyepiece AddCamera AddBinocular ManufacturerDetails Make: Model: TelescopeDetails FocalLength: mm Aperture: mm EyepieceDetails FocalLength: mm FieldofView: °    CameraDetails Resolution: x px PixelSize: x µm BinocularDetails Aperture: mm Magnification: x RealFieldofViewDegrees: ° orMetres@1000m: m Close AddEquipment