Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 - Wikipedia

The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 was a law pertaining to the War on Drugs passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into law by U.S. President Ronald Reagan. Anti-DrugAbuseActof1986 FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch LawpertainingtotheWaronDrugspassedbytheU.S.Congress Anti-DrugAbuseActof1986OthershorttitlesAlcoholandDrugAbuseAmendmentsof1986ControlledSubstanceAnalogueEnforcementActof1986FederalAnalogActLongtitleAnActtostrengthenFederaleffortstoencourageforeigncooperationineradicatingillicitdrugcropsandinhaltinginternationaldrugtraffic,toimproveenforcementofFederaldruglawsandenhanceinterdictionofillicitdrugshipments,toprovidestrongFederalleadershipinestablishingeffectivedrugabusepreventionandeducationprograms,toexpandFederalsupportfordrugabusetreatmentandrehabilitationefforts,andforotherpurposes.Enacted bythe99thUnitedStatesCongressEffectiveOctober27,1986CitationsPubliclaw99-570StatutesatLarge100 Stat. 3207CodificationActsamendedAdministrativeProcedureActFreedomofInformationActTitlesamended21U.S.C.:FoodandDrugsU.S.C.sectionsamended21U.S.C.ch.13,subch.I§ 801etseq.21U.S.C.ch.13,subch.I§ 841etseq.21U.S.C.ch.13,subch.II§ 951etseq.LegislativehistoryIntroducedintheHouseofRepresentativesasH.R. 5484byJamesC.WrightJr.(D–TX)onSeptember8,1986CommitteeconsiderationbyHouseArmedServices,HouseBanking,Finance,andUrbanAffairs,HouseEducationandLabor,HouseForeignAffairs,HouseGovernmentOperations,HouseEnergyandCommerce,HouseInteriorandInsularAffairs,HouseJudiciary,HouseMerchantMarineandFisheries,HousePostOfficeandCivilService,HousePublicWorksandTransportation,HouseWaysandMeansPassedtheHouseonSeptember11,1986 (392-16)PassedtheSenateonSeptember30,1986 (97-2,inlieuofS. 2878)withamendmentHouseagreedtoSenateamendmentonOctober17,1986 (unanimousconsent)withfurtheramendmentSenateagreedtoHouseamendmentonOctober17,1986 (voicevote)SignedintolawbyPresidentRonaldReaganonOctober27,1986MajoramendmentsAnti-DrugAbuseActof1988 TheAnti-DrugAbuseActof1986wasalawpertainingtotheWaronDrugspassedbytheU.S.CongressandsignedintolawbyU.S.PresidentRonaldReagan.Amongotherthings,theychangedthesystemoffederalsupervisedreleasefromarehabilitativesystemintoapunitivesystem.The1986Actalsoprohibitedcontrolledsubstanceanalogs.Thebillenactednewmandatoryminimumsentencesfordrugs,includingmarijuana.[1][2] Contents 1History 2Contents 2.1MoneyLaunderingControlAct 2.2Drugcrimes 2.3Spending 3Impact 4Seealso 5Citations 6References 7Furtherreading History[edit] PresidentRonaldReagansignstheAntiDrugAbuseActof1986intheEastRoom Theappearanceofcrackcocaine,theJune19,1986deathofLenBias(UniversityofMarylandbasketballstar),themorningafterhesignedwiththeNBAchampionBostonCeltics,andtheJune27,1986deathofDonRogers(safety)(ClevelandBrowns,1985DefensiveRookieoftheYear)--bothfromcocaineuse,[3]encouragedU.S.Rep.ThomasP.(Tip)O'NeillJr.(D-MA),theSpeakeroftheHouseofRepresentatives,tomobilizetheHouseDemocraticleadershiptoassembleanomnibusanti-drugbillthatbecametheAnti-DrugAbuseActof1986.[4]Thecongressionalinterestandintensenewscoveragecreatedamoralpanicsurroundingcocaineuse,whichhadearlierbeenviewedinamorebenignorevenpositiveway,[5]thatmadeenactingthislegislationsoimportant.[6]InSeptemberandOctober1986,theHouse(withaDemocraticmajority)andtheSenate(withaRepublicanmajority)competedoverwhichcouldproposethemostseverelawsinadvanceofthepivotalmidtermelection.[7] Contents[edit] MoneyLaunderingControlAct[edit] TheMoneyLaunderingControlActof1986wasenactedasTitleIoftheAnti-DrugAbuseAct.[8][9]ThistitlecriminalizedmoneylaunderingforthefirsttimeintheUnitedStates.[9]ItalsoamendedtheBankSecrecyAct,theChangeinBankControlAct,andtheRighttoFinancialPrivacyAct[9] Drugcrimes[edit] AlongwiththeComprehensiveCrimeControlActof1984,theactsubstantiallyincreasedthenumberofdrugoffenseswithmandatoryminimumsentences.[10] Thisactmandatedaminimumsentenceof5yearswithoutparoleforpossessionof5gramsofcrackcocainewhileitmandatedthesameforpossessionof500gramsofpowdercocaine.This100:1disparitywasreducedto18:1,whencrackwasincreasedto28grams(1ounce)bytheFairSentencingActof2010.[citationneeded] Spending[edit] Theactauthorizedbillionsofdollarsofspending,althoughsubstantiallylesswasactuallyappropriated.Someofthiswasusedtoincreasethesubstanceabusetreatmentfederalblockgrantprogram,[11]althoughtreatmentprovidersweredisappointedatthereducedappropriationsfollowingpoliticians'earlierpromisesandauthorization.[7] Otherprogramsfundedbytheactincludeddrugcounselingandeducationprograms,[9]AIDSresearch,[11]andinternationalcooperationtolimitdrugproduction.[9] TheActalsoincludedtheDrugFreeSchoolsandCommunitiesAct,whichrequiredcollegestoestablishdrugabuseeducationandpreventionprograms.[12] Impact[edit] Thelawledtoanincreaseinaveragetimeimprisonedfordrugcrimesfrom22monthsto33months.[13] Seealso[edit] Anti-DrugAbuseActof1988 WaronDrugs Citations[edit] ^Snitch:DrugLawsandSnitching –aPrimer.Frontline(U.S.TVseries).PublicBroadcastingService.Thearticlealsohasachartofmandatoryminimumsentencesforfirsttimedrugoffenders. ^ThirtyYearsofAmerica'sDrugWar.Frontline(U.S.TVseries). ^Easley2011. ^"Pro/Con-Erice.Sterling|Snitch|FRONTLINE|PBS".PBS. ^Musto2005,p. 11. ^ReinarmanandLevine,"CrackinAmerica:DemonDrugsandSocialJustice",Univ.ofCal.Press,1997 ^abMusto2005,p. 12. ^Richards1998,p. 136. ^abcdePollard&Daly2014,p. 16.19. ^Reamer2005,p. 134. ^abLandsberg2004,p. 213. ^Dowdall2013,p. 128. ^Shewan2013,p. 89f. References[edit] Dowdall,G.W.(2013).CollegeDrinking:ReframingaSocialProblem/ChangingtheCulture.StylusPublishing.ISBN 978-1-57922-815-6.Retrieved23January2018. Easley,Jonathan(19June2011)."Thedaythedrugwarreallystarted".Salon. Landsberg,B.K.(2004).MajorActsofCongress:A-E.MajorActsofCongress.MacmillanReferenceUSA.ISBN 978-0-02-865750-9. Murakawa,N.(2014).TheFirstCivilRight:HowLiberalsBuiltPrisonAmerica.StudiesinPostwarAmericanPoliticalDevelopment.OxfordUniversityPress.ISBN 978-0-19-938072-5. Musto,DavidF.(2005)."Historicalperspectives".InLowinson,J.H.(ed.).SubstanceAbuse:AComprehensiveTextbook.SpiralManualSeries.LippincottWilliams&Wilkins.ISBN 978-0-7817-3474-5. Pollard,A.M.;Daly,J.P.(2014).BankingLawintheUnitedStates –FourthEdition.JurisPub.ISBN 978-1-57823-361-8.Retrieved23January2018. Reamer,F.G.(2005).HeinousCrime:Cases,Causes,andConsequences.ColumbiaUniversityPress.p. 134.ISBN 978-0-231-50688-5. Richards,J.R.(1998).TransnationalCriminalOrganizations,Cybercrime,andMoneyLaundering:AHandbookforLawEnforcementOfficers,Auditors,andFinancialInvestigators.CRCPress.ISBN 978-1-4200-4872-8. Shewan(2013).DrugUseinPrisons.Taylor&Francis.ISBN 978-1-134-43234-9. Furtherreading[edit] Abadinsky,H.(2013).DrugUseandAbuse:AComprehensiveIntroduction.CengageLearning.ISBN 978-1-305-16164-1. Belgrave,F.Z.;Allison,K.W.(2009).AfricanAmericanPsychology:FromAfricatoAmerica.SAGEPublications.p. 95,391.ISBN 978-1-4129-6555-2. Hinton,E.(2016).FromtheWaronPovertytotheWaronCrime.HarvardUniversityPress.p. 317.ISBN 978-0-674-73723-5. Isralowitz,R.(2004).DrugUse:AReferenceHandbook.ABC-CLIO'scontemporaryworldissues.ABC-CLIO.p. 168-179.ISBN 978-1-57607-708-5. King,D.S.;Smith,R.M.(2011).StillaHouseDivided:RaceandPoliticsinObama'sAmerica.PrincetonStudiesinAmericanPolitics:Historical,International,andComparativePerspectives.PrincetonUniversityPress.p. 217f,229.ISBN 978-1-4008-3976-6. Leapley,Steven(February9,2014)."AnalysisOfTheAnti-DrugAbuseActOf1986".PalomarCollege.Citejournalrequires|journal=(help) Marcy,W.L.(2010).ThePoliticsofCocaine:HowU.S.ForeignPolicyHasCreatedaThrivingDrugIndustryinCentralandSouthAmerica.ChicagoReviewPress,Incorporated.pp. 83–90,134.ISBN 978-1-56976-561-6. Marion,N.E.;Oliver,W.M.(2014).DrugsinAmericanSociety:AnEncyclopediaofHistory,Politics,Culture,andtheLaw[3volumes].ABC-CLIO.ISBN 978-1-61069-596-1. Pirog,M.A.;Good,E.M.(2012).PublicPolicyandMentalHealth:AvenuesforPrevention.PreventionPracticeKit.SAGEPublications.p. 25.ISBN 978-1-4833-0767-1. Sandoval,L.(2013)."TheAnti-DrugAbuseActof1986:APolicyAnalysis".CaliforniaStateUniversity,LongBeach. Stohr,M.;Walsh,A.;Hemmens,C.(2012).Corrections:AText/Reader.SAGEText/ReaderSeriesinCriminologyandCriminalJustice.SAGEPublications.p. 128,139.ISBN 978-1-4522-8992-2. Weld,WilliamF.(1987).HandbookontheAntiDrugAbuseActof1986(PDF).Washington,DC:U.S.Dept.ofJustice/GPO.oai:quod.lib.umich.edu:MIU01-011327818. 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