室內過敏：概述、診斷和治療

如果病患一直不停抽吸鼻涕和打噴嚏，他們可能會認為自己家裡是一個可以靜養和恢復感冒的 ... 鼻子癢、鼻塞; 流鼻水; 打噴嚏; 眼睛癢、眼睛溢淚、眼睛腫脹、眼睛充血. Areyouahealthcareprofessional? Theinformationinthiswebsiteisintendedonlyforhealthcareprofessionals.Byenteringthissite,youareconfirmingthatyouareahealthcareprofessional. EnterSite ✕ Areyoualaboratoryprofessional? Theinformationinthiswebsiteisintendedonlyforlaboratoryprofessionals.Byenteringthissite,youareconfirmingthatyouarealaboratoryprofessional. EnterSite ✕ Allergy AllergyOverview RespiratoryAllergies RespiratoryAllergiesOverview AllergicRhinitis IndoorAllergies FoodAllergies FoodAllergiesOverview Cow'sMilkAllergy EggAllergy PeanutAllergy TreeNutAllergy FishAllergy ShellfishAllergy WheatAllergy SoyAllergy AtopicDermatitis Urticaria PetAllergy VenomAllergy DrugAllergy LatexAllergy ChronicOtitisMedia Mastocytosis Asthma AutoimmuneDisease AutoimmuneDiseaseOverview AntiphospholipidSyndrome ConnectiveTissueDiseases GastrointestinalDiseases RheumatoidArthritis AutoimmuneThyroidDisease Vasculitis HowtoTest HowtoTestOverview AllergyTestingOptions AutoimmunityTestingOptions ResourceCenter AllergenEncyclopedia ContactUs Home Allergy RespiratoryAllergies IndoorAllergies     IndoorAllergies:Overview,Diagnosis,andTreatment Triggers&Symptoms ExposureReduction Management PracticeParameters TestingInformation AboutIndoorAllergies Indoorallergiesareoftenthecauseofyear-roundsymptoms,whichiswhytheyaresometimesreferredtoasyear-roundallergiesorperennialallergies.Ifpatientsarealwayssnifflingandsneezing,theymaythinkoftheirhomeasaplacetoescapeandrecuperatefromwhatseemslikeanendlesscold.Butthereareallergensfoundinsidethehomethatmayactuallybethecauseofyourpatient’ssymptoms.Worldwide,sensitization(IgEantibodies)toforeignproteinsintheenvironmentispresentinupto40percentofthepopulation.1 Commonindoorallergytriggersinclude: Animals Dustmites Insects Mold 40%to50% Worldwide,sensitizationratestooneormorecommonallergensamong schoolchildren are currentlyapproaching40percentto50percent.1 Allergiestoindoortriggerscanappearseasonalinnature,sincetheallergenlevelswillvarywithenvironmentalconditionssuchastemperatureandhumidity. Indoorallergysymptomsaresimilartomostotherallergies,including: Itchy,stuffynose Runnynose Sneezing Itchy,watery,swollen,bloodshoteyes Scratchy,swollenthroat Coughing Wheezing Tightnessinthechest  Worldwide,sensitizationratestooneormorecommonallergensamongschoolchildrenarecurrentlyapproaching40percentto50percent.1 ExposureReductionMethods Exposurereductioncanbeemployedtohelpmanagesystemsforthefollowingallergens:2  ANIMALDANDER Confinethepettoaroomwithapolishedfloorandfurnitureyoucanwipedown. Restricttheanimalfromthebedroomandkeephimorheroffthefurniture. Usehigh-efficiencyparticulateare(HEPA)filtersandvacuumcleaners. Washyourpetweeklyinwarmwaterandsoap. Considerrehomingthepetorkeepingitoutdoors.   DUSTMITES Encasemattresses,pillows,andboxspringsinallergen-proofcoverings. Washbeddingweeklyin130-degreeFwater. Vacuumandreduceclutterinthehome. Wearanappropriatemaskwhilecleaningandavoidarea20minutesafter. Changefurnaceandairconditionerfilters. Useadehumidifiertoreducethehumidityinyourhome.   COCKROACHES Washdishes. Vacuum Keepfoodandgarbageinclosedcontainers;takeoutthegarbageregularly. Don’t storepaperbags,newspapers,orcardboardboxesinyourhome. Placebaittrapsorcallaprofessionalexterminatortoeliminatecockroaches. Sealplumbing openings,cracks,andcrevices.   INDOORMOLD Identifyandcleanmoldyareaswithfungicideorbleach. Useadehumidifiertoreducehumidityinyourhome. Fixwaterleaks. Cleanfurnacefilters,therefrigerator,andthedehumidifier(cleandrippanswithbleach). Thoroughlydryclothesbeforestoring.   RODENTS Sealholesandcracksfromthehometotheoutside. Sealpassagesthroughinteriorfloors,walls,theceiling,andgapsbetweenthebottomofcabinetryorbuilt-infurnitureandthefloor. Keepbushesandtreesatleastthreefeetfromthehome. Ensuretrashisstoredinsecurecontainers. Storefoodinrodent-proofcontainers.   TestingConfidence TestingIncreasesDiagnosticConfidence Addingdiagnostictestingtoaidinadifferentialdiagnosishasbeenshowntoincreaseconfidenceindiagnosisto90percent.i,ii Conventionally,adiagnosisofallergicorautoimmunediseasereliesonthecasehistoryandaphysicalexamination.However,addingdiagnostictestingtoaidinadifferentialdiagnosishasbeenshowntoincreaseconfidenceindiagnosis.i,ii Diagnostictestingcanalsohelptoimprovethepatient’squalityoflifeandproductivity,reducecostsassociatedwithabsenteeism,andoptimizeuseofmedication,inadditiontodecreasingunscheduledhealthcarevisits.iii,iv  i.Duran-TauleriaE,VignatiG,GuedanMJ,etal.TheutilityofspecificimmunoglobulinEmeasurementsinprimarycare.Allergy.2004;59(Suppl78):35-41. ii.NiggemannB,NilssonM,FriedrichsF.PaediatricallergydiagnosisinprimarycareisimprovedbyinvitroallergenspecificIgEtesting.PediatrAllergyImmunol.2008;19:325-331 iii.WelshN,etal.TheBenefitsofSpecificImmunoglobulinETestinginthePrimaryCareSetting.JAmPharmAssoc.2006;46:627. iv.SzeinbachSL,WilliamsB,MuntendamP,etal.Identificationofallergicdiseaseamongusersofantihistamines.JManagCarePharm.2004;10(3):234-238 Learnmoreabouttesting.   AllergyTestingOptions Getscientificinformationonmorethan550allergens. AllergenEncyclopedia Managementandcareofpatientswithindoorallergies Year-round,orperennialallergy,iscausedbyyear-roundexposuretoindoorinhaledallergens(e.g.,dustmites,cockroaches,rodents,petdander).Healthcareprovidersareencouragedtodeviseacomprehensive,yettargeted,environmentalremediationstrategylimitingexposuretosuchallergens. Thetreatmentofyear-roundallergiesincludestheuseofthreedifferenttypesofintervention:3 1.Allergenavoidanceandenvironmentalcontrolmeasures 2.Pharmacologicalmanagement 3.Immunotherapy Practiceparametershavebeendevelopedtoclassifyandmanagetreatmentofyear-roundallergiesandguideline-directedmanagementhasbeenshowntoimprovediseasecontrol.3Allergicrhinitishasalsobeenfoundtobetriggeredbysomeyear-roundallergens.4 Acrossthesepracticeparametersandguidelines,allergenavoidanceisalsoaprimarymethodofcontrollingcomorbidconditions(e.g.,asthma)thatareinitiatedorexacerbatedbyexposuretoindoorallergens.3 Inthetreatmentofyear-roundallergies,themosteffectivecontrolmeasuresincludepatienteducation,useofHEPAfilters,integratedpestmanagement,thoroughcleaning,andcontinuationofthesepractices.3 Practiceparametersandguidelines forindoorallergies Environmentalassessmentandexposurecontrolofdustmites Environmentalassessmentandexposurereductionofcockroaches Environmentalassessmentandexposurereductionofrodents Environmentalassessmentandexposurereductionoffurryanimals Treatmentofseasonalallergicrhinitis:Anevidence-basedfocused2017guidelineupdate Thediagnosisandmanagementofrhinitis:Anupdatedpracticeparameter AllergicRhinitisanditsImpactonAsthma(ARIA)guidelines—2016revision BSACI guidelinesforthemanagementofallergicandnon-allergicrhinitis Guidelinesforthesafeandeffectiveuseof: AllergenImmunotherapy Guidelineforthesafeandeffectiveuseof:SublingualImmunotherapy ReadPatientCaseStudies References https://www.aaaai.org/about-aaaai/newsroom/allergy-statistics Discovertheconnection:ReduceExposuretoYourAllergicTriggers.ThermoFisherScientificInc.2018. WrightLS,PhipatanakulW.EnvironmentalRemediationintheTreatmentofAllergyandAsthma:LatestUpdates.CurrAllergyAsthmaRep.2014March;14(3):419. ScaddingGK.Optimalmanagementofallergicrhinitis.ArchDisChild.2015;100:576–582.