Yukon Ice Patches - Wikipedia

The Yukon Ice Patches are a series of dozens of ice patches in the southern Yukon discovered in 1997, which have preserved hundreds of archaeological ... YukonIcePatches FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch MapofYukon TheYukonIcePatchesareaseriesofdozensoficepatchesinthesouthernYukondiscoveredin1997,whichhavepreservedhundredsofarchaeologicalartifacts,withsomemorethan9,000yearsold.ThefirsticepatchwasdiscoveredonthemountainThandlät,westoftheKusawaLakecampgroundwhichis60 km(37 mi)westofWhitehorse,Yukon.TheYukonIcePatchProjectbeganshortlyafterwardswithapartnershipbetweenarchaeologistsinpartnershipwithsixYukonFirstNations,onwhosetraditionalterritorytheicepatcheswerefound.TheyincludetheCarcross/TagishFirstNation,theKwanlinDünFirstNation,theTa’anKwäch’änCouncil,theChampagneandAishihikFirstNations,theKluaneFirstNation,andtheTeslinTlingitCouncil. Icepatches[edit] Cryologistsdescribehowicepatches,suchtherareYukonalpineregionicepatches,differfromglaciers.Thelatterareconstantlymoving;theygraduallybuildupmassovertimeuntiltheyreachacertainsize,whentheyslowlyflowdownhill.[1]Unlikeglaciers,icepatchesdonotmove.Assomeofthesnowremainingfromwinteraccumulationmelts,therestisgraduallycompressedintoice.Icepatchesdonotachieveenoughmasstoflowdownhillsoanyartifactswithinarepreservedintactwithoutbeingcrushed.[1]: 4  History[edit] Inthe1990s"duringaperiodofextremelywarmsummertemperatures"withicepatchesmelting,theYukonIcePatchProjectbegan.[1]: 2 InSeptember1997,GeraldW.KuzykdiscoveredthefirstoftheYukonicepatchesartifacts,anatlatldartfragment,onmountainThandlätatanelevationof1,850 m(6,070 ft).[2][3][4]: 363 [5][6][excessivecitations] TheYukonIcePatchesarestudiedbyarchaeologistsinpartnershipwithsixYukonFirstNations,onwhosetraditionalterritorytheicepatcheswerefound.TheyincludetheCarcross/TagishFirstNation,theKwanlinDünFirstNation,theTa’anKwäch’änCouncil,theChampagneandAishihikFirstNations,theKluaneFirstNation,andtheTeslinTlingitCouncil.[7] "At[theKusawaLake]location,asmallfragmentofwoodendartshaftwasrecoveredandradiocarbondatedto4360±5014CyrBP(TO6870).Alsoreportedwasacariboudungpelletdatingto2450±14CyrBP(TO6871)collectedfromanearbyicecore1.6 m(5.2 ft)belowthesurface(Kuzyketal.,1999:214).Thatfirstbriefresearchreportrepresentedoneoftheearliestaccountsofancient,non-glacialiceinNorthAmericaanddrewattentiontothepotentialofalpineicetobeaproductivesourceofpaleobiologicalandarchaeologicalinformation"— Hareetal2012 The43YukonIcePatchesinsouthernYukonincluded"morethan207archaeologicalobjectsand1700faunalremainshavebeenrecoveredfrom43meltingicepatchesinthesouthernYukon.Theartifactsrangeinagefroma9000-year-old(calendar)dartshafttoa19th-centurymusketball...Ofparticularinterestisthedescriptionofthreedifferenttechniquesfortheconstructionofthrowingdartsandtheobservationofstabilityinthehuntingtechnologyemployedinthestudyareaoversevenmillennia.Radiocarbonchronologiesindicatethatthisperiodofstabilitywasfollowedbyanabrupttechnologicalreplacementofthethrowingdartbythebowandarrowafter1200BP."TheartifactsarecuratedbytheYukonArchaeologyProgram,GovernmentofYukon.[8]: 120  IntheKusawaLakearea,therearenolongeranycaribou,butinher1987interviews,ElderMaryNed(born1890s-)spokeaboutcariboubeing“alloverthisplace.”EvidenceofthiswasprovenbythenearbydiscoveryoftheIcePatchartifacts...Oralhistorytellsusthatacorral,orcariboufencewaslocatedontheeastsideofthelake,betweenthelakeandthemountain."[2][5][6] References[edit] ^abcHare,Greg(2011).TheFrozenPast:TheYukonIcePatches(PDF)(Report).GovernmentoftheYukon.p. 36.ISBN 978-1-55362-509-4.RetrievedDecember2,2017.WithcontributionsfromSheilaGreer(ChampagneandAishihikFirstNations),HeatherJones(Carcross/TagishFirstNation),RaeMombourquette(KwanlinDünFirstNation),JohnFingland(KluaneFirstNation),MarkNelsonandJasonShorty(Ta’anKwäch’änCouncil)andTipEvans(TeslinTlingitCouncil). ^ab"TraditionalHomeland".KusawaParkSteeringCommittee.nd.RetrievedDecember2,2017. ^Kuzyk,G.W.;Russell,D.E.;Farnell,R.S.;Gotthardt,R.M.;Hare,P.G.;Blake,E.(1999)."InpursuitofprehistoricccaribouonThandlät,southernYukon"(PDF).Arctic.52(2):214–219.doi:10.14430/arctic924. ^delaCadena,Marisol;Starn,Orin,eds.(September15,2007).IndigenousExperienceToday.BloomsburyAcademic.p. 384.ISBN 978-1845205195.RetrievedDecember2,2017.In1997,"awildlifebiologisthikingnearanorthfacingalpinebasinsome1,830metersabovesealevelstumbledonasquare-kilometerconcentrationofcariboudroppingsmeltingfromanalpinesnowpatch.Artifactswereliterallypouringoutofmeltingice.SubsequentresearchrevealedevidenceofancientcaribouharvestingonthemountainnamedThandlätinSouthernTutchonelanguage.Scientistsdescribethisrareopportunitytoexplorequestionsabouttheprehistoricecologyoflargecariboupopulations,implicationsofclimatechangeforcaribou,andhumanuseofhigh-elevationhuntingsites." ^abCruikshank,J.(1985),ContributionstotheOralHistoryoftheKusawaLakeRegion,YukonTerritory,ArchaeologicalSurveyofCanada,p. 28FromMrs.AnnieNedpreparedforArchaeologicalSurveyofCanada,NationalMuseumsofCanada. ^abCruikshank,Julie(January1,1991).LifeLivedLikeaStory:LifeStoriesofThreeYukonNativeElders.UBCPress.p. 428. ^Greer,S.;Strand,D.(2012)."Culturallandscapes,pastandpresent,andtheSouthYukonicepatches".Arctic.65(1):136–152.doi:10.14430/arctic4189. ^Hare,P.Gregory;Thomas,ChristianD.;Topper,TimothyN.;Gotthardt,RuthM.(2012)."TheArchaeologyofYukonIcePatches:NewArtifacts,Observations,andInsights"(PDF).Arctic.65(1):118–135.doi:10.14430/arctic4188. vtePeriglacialenvironmentLandforms Blockfield Bratschen Cryoplanationterrace Glacialerratic Kurum Lithalsa Paha Palsa Periglaciallake Pingo Protalusrampart Rockglacier Strandflat Glaciokarst Thermokarst Patternedground Frostboil Polygons Solifluctionlobesandsheets Sortedstripe Stonering Processes Cryoplanation Cryosuction Cryoturbation Fluvio-thermalerosion Frostheave Frostweathering Gelifluction Icesegregation Methanerelease Nivation Solifluction Syngeneticpermafrostgrowth Zero-curtaineffect Soilsanddeposits Activelayer Gelisols Icewedge Loess Peat Permafrost Stratifiedslopedeposit Talik Yedoma Biomesandecotones Arctictundra Arctictreeline Antarcticoasis 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