Explore The Concept Of Fluid Mosaic Model - Byju's

The fluid mosaic model was proposed by S.J. Singer and Garth L. Nicolson. This model explains the structure of the plasma membrane of animal cells as a ... BiologyBiologyArticleFluidMosaicModelTheory Previous Next FluidMosaicModel ThefluidmosaicmodelwasproposedbyS.J.SingerandGarthL.Nicolson.Thismodelexplainsthestructureoftheplasmamembraneofanimalcellsasamosaicofcomponentssuchasphospholipids,proteins,cholesterol,andcarbohydrates.Thesecomponentsgiveafluidcharactertothemembranes. Eachphospholipidhasahydrophilicheadpointingoutsideandahydrophobictailformingtheinsideofthebilayer. Cholesterolandproteinsareembeddedinthebilayerthatgivesthemembraneamosaiclook.Eachcomponenthasaspecificfunctiontoperform. AlsoRead:Cellmembraneandplasmamembrane ComponentsofPlasmaMembrane Components Location Phospholipid Themainfabricofplasmamembrane Cholesterol Betweenphospholipidsandphospholipidbilayers Integralproteins Embeddedwithinphospholipidlayers Peripheralproteins Inneroroutersurfaceofthephospholipidbilayer Carbohydrates Attachedtoproteinsonoutsidemembranelayers Phospholipids Phospholipidsareamphipathicmoleculeswithahydrophilicheadandahydrophobictail.Theseareattachedtoaglycerolmoleculebyacovalentbond. Cholesterol Ithelpstheplasmamembranetoretainthefluidity.Itispresentbetweenthephospholipidsandpreventsthecompactionofhydrophilictailsatlowtemperaturesandtheirexpansionathightemperatures. Proteins Theplasmamembranehasthreetypesofproteins: IntegralProteins:Theseproteinsformchannelstoallowthemovementoflargemoleculesandionsacrossthehydrophobiclayerofthemembrane. PeripheralProteins:Thesearefoundembeddedinasingleleafletofthemembrane.Theycarrysignalsfromonesegmentofthemembraneandrelayittotheanother. Glycoproteins:Theystabilizethemembraneandareresponsibleforintercellularcommunication. FactorsAffectingFluidityofPlasmaMembrane Thefluidityofthecellmembraneisinfluencedbythreefactors: Temperature Phospholipidsarefoundclosetogetherwhenitiscold.Whenit’shot,theymoveapart. Cholesterol Thecholesterolmoleculesarerandomlydistributedalongthephospholipidbilayerandholditpreventingitfromseparatingtoofar,orcompacttootightly. SaturatedandUnsaturatedFattyAcids Fattyacidsmakeupthephospholipidtails.Saturatedfattyacidchainshaveasinglebondbetweenthecarbonatomswhereas,unsaturatedfattyacidchainshavedoublebondsbetweenthecarbonatoms. Doublebondsmakeitharderforthechaintopacktightlybycreatingkinks.Thesekinksincreasethefluidityofthemembrane. AlsoRead:Lipids RestrictiontoFluidityofPlasmaMembrane LipidRafts Thesearethelipiddomainsfoundontheexternalleafletoftheplasmamembrane.Cholesterol,glycosphingolipids,glycosylphosphatidylinositolarethebuildingblocksoflipidrafts. ProteinComplexes Proteinsandglycoproteinsarediffusedwithintheplasmamembrane.Thesehelpinthetransportofionsandmetabolites,cellsignalling,adhesion,andmigration. KeyPointsonFluidMosaicModel Theplasmamembranecomprisesamphiphilic,phospholipidmolecules. Thesecondimportantcomponentoftheplasmamembraneisintegralproteinsthatareintegratedcompletelyintothemembrane. Carbohydratesarefoundontheexternalsurfaceofthemembranewheretheyareboundtoproteinsorlipids. Formoreinformationonfluidmosaicmodel,keepvisitingBYJU’SwebsiteordownloadBYJU’Sappforfurtherreference. FrequentlyAskedQuestionsWhyisitcalledfluidmosaicmodel? Thephospholipidmoleculesandthemoleculesofcholesterolarelinkedtogether.Thiskeepsthecellmembraneintactandcohesive.Thisiswhyitiscalledfluidmosaicmodel. Whatarethefeaturesofthemembranesoffluidmosaicmodel? Themembranesoffluidmosaicmodelinclude: Alipidbilayer,wherelipidsarefreetomovebutcannotcrossthemembrane. Integralmembraneproteins Whichfactorsaffectthefluidityoftheplasmamembrane? Thefluidityoftheplasmamembraneisaffectedby: Lengthofthefattyacidtail Temperature Cholesterol Degreeofsaturationoffattyacidtails Whatareintegralandperipheralproteins? Peripheralproteinsarethosethatarelocatedintheinnerandouterlayerofphospholipidbilayer,whereas,integralproteinsareembeddedwithinthebilayer. TestyourKnowledgeonFluidMosaicModelTheory! Q5 PutyourunderstandingofthisconcepttotestbyansweringafewMCQs.Click‘StartQuiz’tobegin! Selectthecorrectanswerandclickonthe“Finish”buttonCheckyourscoreandanswersattheendofthequiz StartQuiz Congrats! 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