Latent Heat of Fusion - Definition, Detailed Explanation ...

For example, the latent heat of fusion of one kilogram of water, which is the amount of heat energy that must be supplied to convert 1 kg of ice without ... CheckoutJEEMAINS2022QuestionPaperAnalysis: CheckoutJEEMAINS2022QuestionPaperAnalysis: × DownloadNow ChemistryStatesofMatterLatentHeatofFusion Previous Next LatentHeatofFusion TableofContents WhatisLatentHeatofFusion? SpecificHeatofFusionandMolarHeatofFusion WhatisLatentHeatofFusion? Latentheatoffusion,alsoknownasenthalpyoffusion,istheamountofenergythatmustbesuppliedtoasolidsubstance(typicallyintheformofheat)inordertotriggerachangeinitsphysicalstateandconvertitintoaliquid(whenthepressureoftheenvironmentiskeptconstant).Forexample,thelatentheatoffusionofonekilogramofwater,whichistheamountofheatenergythatmustbesuppliedtoconvert1kgoficewithoutchangingthetemperatureoftheenvironment(whichiskeptatzerodegreescelsius)is333.55kilojoules. Itcanbenotedthattheoppositeoflatentheatoffusionistheheatofsolidification,whichistheamountofenergythatmustbesuppliedtoaliquidinordertofacilitateaphasechangeandtheconversionoftheliquidintoasolid.Itcanalsobenotedthatthevalueoftheheatofsolidificationofasubstanceisalwaysequalinmagnitudetothelatentheatoffusionbutalwaysbearsanoppositesign.Forexample,theamountofenergyabsorbedbyicetobecomewaterisequaltotheamountofenergyliberatedbywatertobecomeice. Thelatentheatoffusionofasubstancealsoaccountsfortheenergyrequiredtoaccommodateanyincreaseinthevolumeofthesubstancepostthechangeofitsphysicalstate.Thetemperatureatwhichthesubstanceundergoesthephasetransitioniscalledthemeltingpointofthesubstance.Thistemperaturepointcanalsobereferredtoasthefreezingpointofthesubstancewhentheheatofsolidificationisbeingconsidered.Unlessspecifiedtobeotherwise,thepressureoftheenvironment(whenexpressingthelatentheatoffusionofasubstance)isalwaysassumedtobe1atmosphereofpressure(whichisroughlyequalto101.325kilopascals). SpecificHeatofFusionandMolarHeatofFusion Enthalpyoffusionisconsideredsynonymouswiththelatentheatoffusionbecausethemeltingofasolidundernormalatmosphericpressureusuallyrequiresenergyintheformofheat.Therefore,thelatentheatoffusionofasubstancecanbedefinedasthechangeintheenthalpyofasubstancewhenitundergoesaphasetransitionfromthesolidphasetotheliquidphase. Ifunitmassofthesubstanceisconsidered,theenergyrequiredtoconvertitintoaliquidunderconstantpressureiscalledthespecificheatoffusionforthesubstance.Ifthechangeinenthalpyiscalculatedonaper-molebasis,thelatentheatoffusionisreferredtoasthemolarheatoffusionofthesubstance. Sincetheliquidphasehasahigherinternalenergyassociatedwithitthanthesolid-state,somepositiveamountofenergymustbesuppliedtoagivensolidtofacilitatethemeltingofthesolid.Similarly,somepositivemagnitudeofenergyisreleasedbyalmostallliquidswhentheybecomesolids.Thiscanbeexplainedbythefactthattheparticlesormoleculesthatconstituteliquidshaveveryhighpotentialenergiesduetothefactthattheyareheldtogetherbyrelativelyweakintermolecularforces.Therefore,theenergyrequiredtodissociatetheintermolecularforcesofattractionbetweentheliquidparticlesisalsorelativelylowerwhencomparedtosolids. Anexampleofthelatentheatofsolidificationcanbeobservedinthecoolingofwater.Whenwater,initiallykeptintheliquidstate,iscooledtotemperaturesbelowzerodegreescelsius,thetemperatureoftheliquidwatersteadilydropsuntilitapproaches0oC.Atthistemperature,thewaterundergoescrystallizationandbecomesasolid.Oncethewateriscompletelyfrozen,thetemperatureofthesolidcontinuestodropbelowzerodegreescelsiusasitiscooledfurther. Thelatentheatoffusionofasolidisalmostalwayspositiveinvalue.Oneofthefewknownexceptionstothisistheelementhelium.Belowtemperaturesof0.3K(attemperaturesapproachingabsolutezero),thehelium-3isotopehasanegativevalueforthelatentheatoffusion. Tolearnmoreaboutthelatentheatoffusionandotherimportanttopicsinchemistry,registerwithBYJU’Sanddownloadthemobileapplicationonyoursmartphone. TestyourknowledgeonLatentHeatOfFusion Q5 PutyourunderstandingofthisconcepttotestbyansweringafewMCQs.Click‘StartQuiz’tobegin! Selectthecorrectanswerandclickonthe“Finish”buttonCheckyourscoreandanswersattheendofthequiz StartQuiz Congrats! 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