未竟的帝國:英國的全球擴張 - Goodreads
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大英帝國以各種方式塑造了世界:移民數個大陸、創造新國家,並將其語言、科技、價值觀強加在其他民族身上。
近兩百年時間,其擴張至垮台,乃是決定歷史進程的最大因素,如今 ...
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未竟的帝國:英國的全球擴張byJohnDarwin.
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Preview—未竟的帝國:英國的全球擴張
byJohnDarwin
未竟的帝國:英國的全球擴張
by
JohnDarwin,
約翰·達爾文,
黃中憲(Translator)
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在這個不穩定的世界裡,沒有哪種帝國能維持現狀永遠不變,只有暫時的喘息,沒有帝國的「最終狀態」。
要了解帝國體系,就要先了解英國!我們生活在由數個帝國打造出的世界,今日的主權國家,有多達四分之一出自英國。
大英帝國以各種方式塑造了世界:移民數個大陸、創造新國家,並將其語言、科技、價值觀強加在其他民族身上。
近兩百年時間,其擴張至垮台,乃是決定歷史進程的最大因素,如今它仍為迷思、誤解、爭議所籠罩。
本書說明大英帝國內部多元並存、矛盾,又混亂,這個帝國受水火不容的利益團體所控制,其擴張除憑藉本身的強大,也得益於他國的衰弱。
同時以英國為例,探討在歐洲境外擴張的三百年期間帝國的建造過程,並以中世英格蘭帝國主義史為這些擴張行動的根源。
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UnfinishedEmpire:TheGlobalExpansionofBritain
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Startyourreviewof未竟的帝國:英國的全球擴張Writeareview
Dec03,2012
Andrew
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In1953,twoOxfordhistoriansintheirearlythirtiespublishedapapercalled"TheImperialismofFreeTrade."Thepaperbrokenewgroundbysuggestingthatfarfrombeingagovernment-led"project"aimedatculturalandeconomicdominance(asMarxisthistorianswereinsisting),theBritishEmpirehadbeencreatedbyinformalityandtrade.InotherwordsthattheEmpirehadbeendrivenbymerchantsandentrepreneursseekingtheirfortunesontheopenseasmorethanbureaucratsandpoliticians
In1953,twoOxfordhistoriansintheirearlythirtiespublishedapapercalled"TheImperialismofFreeTrade."Thepaperbrokenewgroundbysuggestingthatfarfrombeingagovernment-led"project"aimedatculturalandeconomicdominance(asMarxisthistorianswereinsisting),theBritishEmpirehadbeencreatedbyinformalityandtrade.InotherwordsthattheEmpirehadbeendrivenbymerchantsandentrepreneursseekingtheirfortunesontheopenseasmorethanbureaucratsandpoliticiansplottingglobaldomination.Inthefirstfewpagesof"UnfinishedEmpire:TheGlobalExpansionofBritain,"JohnDarwinacknowledgesRobinsonandGallagher'sinfluence.Whatfollowsisamagnificentexpansionoftheirthesis,ananalysisofdepth,nuanceandclaritythatbringstogethermuchofthethinkingonEmpireoverthepastsixtyyears.DarwiniscurrentlyBeitUniversityLecturerintheHistoryoftheBritishCommonwealthandisclearlyinhis"prolific"phase.In2007,hepublished"AfterTamerlane:TheRiseandFallofGlobalEmpires,1400-2000";in2009heproduced"TheEmpireProject:TheRiseandFalloftheBritishWorld-System1830-1970".The480pagesin"UnfinishedEmpire"bringhistotaloutputofpopularpublishingonEmpire(notwithstandinghisacademicoutput)tonighon2000pages.Thebookavoidsstrictchronology,insteadfollowinganorderwhichmightbedescribedasa"lifecycle"approach.Itstwelvechaptersopenwith"ImaginingEmpire",movethrough"TakingPossession"and"ResortingtoWar"beforeconcludingwith"Defending"and"Ending"Empire.(Thelastoftheseisparticularlyfascinating:DarwinsuggeststhattheideathatBritain"managed"itsdeclineisdebatableatbest).ThroughoutthebookBritain'simperialstoryisputinitsglobalhistoricalcontext.England'sexpansionintoWales,IrelandandScotlandareallincluded;thefortuitousimpactoftheSevenYearsWar(1756-63)andtheNapoleonicWarsonBritain'sroleintheworld(particularlyvis-à-visFrance)isbrilliantlyexplained.AsalsoisthewaythatBritain,in1815,suddenlyfounditselfwiththemeans(industry)andthemethod(controloftheseas)toexpandtheempireslowlyatfirstandthenatbreakneckspeedinthesecondhalfofthecenturyupto1914.TheperiodafterthePeaceofVersaillesisshowninallitscomplexities,asBritishtradersheldfaithinthe"natural"ideaofBritishimperialdominancewhiletherestoftheworld(particularlyAmerica)werecreatingtheirownsystems.Darwinconsiderstheimpactoftheperiodfrom1942-5ascriticalintheeventualfracturinganddissolutionoftheideaofBritain'sroleatthetopofthetree.Inthe50sand60s,EdenandMacmillanaremadetolooklikelostsoulsinicyseas,clingingontothehopethattheirboathadonlysufferedsuperficialdamage.Thereality,aswenowknow,wasthatthedamagewassufficienttorequireasearchforanentirelynewboat-asearchthatismoreintensetodaythanever.ThisisessentialreadingforanyonewithaninterestinwhereBritainhascomefromandwhereitisgoing.ItremindsusthattheEmpirewasaremarkableanddisparateseriesofenterprises,drivenbyanunlikelyconglomerationofcircumstancesandcreatedbyexpansively-mindedindividuals.Theresultwasanempireofatypewhichisunlikelyevertoberepeated.
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Tajei
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Asachild,youlearnthatyouliveinacountry,andthatthiscountryisrunbyagovernment.Youhaveavagueideathatthisgovernment“makestherules”,andmightthinkofitasaGod-Emperor-likeforcethatgovernsbydecree.Asyougetolder,thispicturecomplicatesalittle.Youlearnthatthereisn’treallyonepersonwhorunsthegovernment,thatitspowerisn’treallyabsolute,andthatsometimesthePMhastoholdoffonanappropriationsbillbecauseitwouldunderminesupportfor
Asachild,youlearnthatyouliveinacountry,andthatthiscountryisrunbyagovernment.Youhaveavagueideathatthisgovernment“makestherules”,andmightthinkofitasaGod-Emperor-likeforcethatgovernsbydecree.Asyougetolder,thispicturecomplicatesalittle.Youlearnthatthereisn’treallyonepersonwhorunsthegovernment,thatitspowerisn’treallyabsolute,andthatsometimesthePMhastoholdoffonanappropriationsbillbecauseitwouldunderminesupportforacrucialswingconstituencywhichthePMneedstopasshissocialprogrammeatthenextGE.Inotherwords,it’sprettycomplicated.Similarly,youmaylearnthatyourcountrywasatsomepointgovernedbyanempire.Unfortunately,ourunderstandingof(theBritish)empirerarelyexceedsthechild’slevelofdepth.Wethinkofempireintermsofannexationofland,itsexpansioninavaguelyinexorableway(rollingoutwards),anditspolicyasbeingcraftedbyacabalofsinisterplotters(betheyChristianEvangelical,Jewish,white-supremacist,capitalist,etc.)Andsointheendwegetthisverysimpleandreductiveviewofempirethatdoesn’tdealwithitscomplexities,nor(properly)itsfaults.Thisbooktriestocorrectthat.Amajorpointthebooktriesrepeatedlytoemphasiseisthattherewasnoone“atthehelm”.ThisisunsurprisinggiventhattheBritishempirespannednearlyfourcenturiesandencompassedBritain’sdevelopmentfromfeudalmonarchytoconstitutionalmonarchytobourgeoisdemocracytofulldemocracy.TheideathataconsistentanddirectedpolicyunderpinnedBritishimperialpolicyfromstarttofinishisjustnottrue.Rather,theempirewaspulledinlotsofdifferentdirectionsbymanydifferentinterests,andthepurposeofempireshiftedsignificantlyfromsettlercolonisation(priortoAmericanindependence)tocommercialexpansion(priorto1815)todefencearchitecture(priorto1914)todesperateattemptsatsurvival(priortoTheEnd).Thisiswhy,e.g.,NewZealand,IndiaandEgyptaresodifferent.
Inasimilarway,theBritishEmpirewasnotofonekind.Unlikeclassical-eraempires(Chinese,Roman)whichtriedtoinstituteuniformruleacrosstheirterritories,theBritishempireneverattemptedtoimposeidenticallawseverywhere,whichprobablycontributedagreatdealtoitssuccess.Broadlytheempirecouldbesplitintothreeparts.Therewerethesettlercolonies—Australia,NewZealand,Canadaand(partly)SouthAfrica,plusafewCaribbeanislands—wheretheBritishsystemofgovernmentwaslargelycopiedbythewhitesettlers,whohadasignificantdegreeofautonomy.(Butevenamongthesetherewereimportantdifferences,cf.thedifferencebetweenthetreatmentoftheindigenouspopulationsofAustraliaandthoseofNewZealand.)ThenthereweretheCrownColonies,Singaporeamongthem,inwhichlocalrulersweretypicallykeptinplace—conditionalupontheirallegiancetotheCrown.FinallytherewasIndia,awholeworlduntoitself,withmorethan600differentjurisdictionsandprincelystateslinkedinapatchworkofarrangementstotheEICandthentheCrown.TheextenttowhichBritishlawappliedtothesevariouscolonieswasbothinconsistentandvague,creatingsignificantvariationacrosstheempire.Beyondthoseformalcolonies(andoftenfarmoreimportant)werethedefactocolonies,likeEgypt,whereBritainretainedagarrisonuntiltheSuezCrisis,andLatinAmerica,whereBritishcommercialinterestspredominateddespitethelackofformalcolonisation,i.e.neo-colonialismbeforethewordwascoined.(Inthe1800s,therisingUSwouldchallengethisBritishpresenceinL.AmericainamirrorofChina’sattemptstothrowoffUSpredominanceinAsiatoday.)ButthekeyideaofthebookisthecontingencyofthegrowthoftheBritishempire.Itrejectsanyideathatsomethingfundamentalintheculture,politicsorgeographyofBritainordaineditsrise.(InfacttheawkwardshapeofBritainanditsempiremadeitmind-bendinglydifficulttodefend,unliketheniceandcontiguousRomanempire.)Darwinthinksthatitwasaconjunctionoftwoaccidents—theweaknessoftheotherEuropeanempirespost-1815,andtheweaknessoftheolderAsianempiresaroundthesametime— thatgaveBritainanopportunitytoexploit.Thefactthatthesehappenedsimultaneouslyessentiallyhappenedbychance,butgaveBritainthespringboardtogrow.
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Don
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(FROMMYBLOG)Someofuscanremembertheoldpull-downWorldmapsatthefrontofourclassrooms,mapsonwhichhalfthecountrieswerecoloredpink.ThosepinklandsmadeuptheBritishEmpire.Empiresaren'tfashionablethesedays--except,perhaps,withneo-conslikeDickCheney--buttheBritishEmpirehasrecededfarenoughintohistorytoexertanostalgicpullonouraffections.Wethinkofexplorers(likeDr.Livingston)openingupnewareasinAfricaandAsia.Wevisualizemilitary
(FROMMYBLOG)Someofuscanremembertheoldpull-downWorldmapsatthefrontofourclassrooms,mapsonwhichhalfthecountrieswerecoloredpink.ThosepinklandsmadeuptheBritishEmpire.Empiresaren'tfashionablethesedays--except,perhaps,withneo-conslikeDickCheney--buttheBritishEmpirehasrecededfarenoughintohistorytoexertanostalgicpullonouraffections.Wethinkofexplorers(likeDr.Livingston)openingupnewareasinAfricaandAsia.Wevisualizemilitaryofficerscrisplydressedinred-coateduniforms,pioneerfamiliesinCanadaandAustralia,theinvincibleBritishfleet,Indian"durbars"presidedoverbyViceroys--and,moregenerally,theentireVictorianaristocraticbackdropofboys'schools,overstuffedfurniture,leatherbooks,longlettershomefromthecolonies,andLondonitselfasthecenterofcivilization.MymindwandersthuslybecauseIhavejustfinishedreadingUnfinishedEmpire:TheGlobalExpansionofBritain,anewbookbyOxfordhistorianJohnDarwin.Inonereadablevolume,DawsontellsusallweeverthoughtwewantedtoknowabouttheBritishEmpire--butit'salsomademewanttolearnevenmore.AsanAmericanschoolboy,IwastaughtaspecificpointofviewwithrespecttowhatwecalltheAmericanRevolution.Indoctrinationinanationalreligion,Isuppose.Evenincollege,whenItookacourseanalyzingtheeventsleadingupto1776fromanationallyknownexpertinthefield,thefactswerestudiedinfargreaterdetail,buttheirworldwidecontextwasnotnotablybroadened.Inallmycoursework,atwhateverlevel,itwasassumedthatAmericanIndependencewasacentralfactofworldhistory.ProfessorDarwin'shistoryistaughtfromaBriton'spointofview.Itisnotobviouslybiased,anymorethanmycollegecoursewasobvouslybiased.ButfromBritain'sviewpoint,thebattleagainsttheAmericancolonistswasmerelyoneaspectofadangerousperiodinBritishhistory.AfterBritain'sunexpectedterritorialgainsatthePeaceofParis(1763),endingtheSevenYearsWarwithFrance,Spain,andAustria(whichweparochiallydescribeasthe"FrenchandIndianWar"),shefoundherselfoverextendedoverseas,andfacedwithpotentiallydangerousforcesontheEuropeancontinent.Desperateformoney,BritainimposedthenotoriousStampTaxontheAmericancolonies,forcingustohelppayfortheBritishtroopsthathadprotectedusagainsttheFrench--ataxthatledtotheDeclarationofIndependence.Whiletryingtoreimposeorderinthecoloniesbyblockadingitsshipping,theBritishfacedarenewedthreatfromFrance,Spain,andHolland.ThesenationswerejoinedbyRussiain1780,thusincludingvirtuallyallofEuropeinademandthattheBritishblockadeagainstthecoloniesnotaffectneutralshipping.Britain'snavywasgreatlyoutnumberedbythoseofthealliednations,andtheBritishIslesthemselveswerethreatened.[I]n1782,[Britain]regainedcontroloftheAtlantic.ButfortheAmericanwar,itwastoolittletoolate.InthecriticalphasewhenitsAtlanticlifelinewascut,Cornwallis'sarmy,theirmainAmericanstrike-force,wassqueezedintosurrenderatYorktown[1781].Withnowilltogoon,theBritishwenttotheconferencetabledesperatetobreakupthecoalitionagainstthem.ConcedingAmericanindependencewastheonlysurewaytoendthecolonies'alliancewithFrance--theworstofallworlds--andpreservetheircommercialconnectionwithBritain.MyAmericaneducationneversuppressedknowledgeofthehistoricalcontextinwhichindependenceoccurred.ButweweretaughthistoryasperceivedbyourforebearslivinginMassachusettsandVirginia,forwhomtheEuropeanbalanceofpowerwasofmerelyincidentalinterest--nothistoryasitmighthavebeenperceivedbyaninterestedMartianhoveringoverhead.DarwinisnoMartian,buthisperceptionasanhistorianwhosefascinationlieswiththedevelopmentoftheentireBritishEmpireaddsthenecessarycontext.FromBritain'spointofview,LondonhadbentoverbackwardstryingtoplacatetheAmericancolonists,atleastinsofaraspossiblewithoutsurrenderingwhateveradvantagewasderivedfromthecolonies'statusasimperialpossessions.TheAmericanwarisbutaminorthemeinDawson'sstory,apreludetothelaterdevelopmentofwhatnowusuallycomestomindwhenweheartheterm,"BritishEmpire"--anamazingstoryofcommercialandmilitarysuccessforwhichBritain'svictoriesatTrafalgar(1805)andWaterloo(1815)werethenecessarybutnotsufficientconditions.ButlessonslearnedindealingwiththeAmericancoloniesaffectedBritain'spoliciesindealingwithfuturecolonies,especiallythosethatDawsoncalls"settlersocieties"--Canada,Australia,NewZealand,andSouthAfrica.AndthechaptersdealingwithIndia--thejewelintheCrown--couldbereadaloneasafascinatingcautionarytale,amixtureofavariceandnobility,crueltyandcompassion,recklessnessandcaution.HowtheEmpiredevelopedafter1815--primarilyasameanstoprotectBritishcommercialinvestmentandexploitation--andhowasmallislandparlayedanearlyindustrialrevolution,supportedbylargedomesticreservesofcoal,intooneofthelargestandmostsuccessfulempires,commerical,financialandgovernmental,theworldhaseverseen,istheprimarystoryofDawson'sbook.Asisthesobering--tousonthissideofthepond--codaillustratinghowBritainfellfromworlddominationwithinnotmuchmorethanageneration.AsanAmerican,Iliketorecallthefableoftheblindpygmiestryingtounderstandtheirfirstencounterwithanelephant.Ourhistoryclasses,perhaps,havetaughtustoinspectcarefullytheelephant'slegandconcludethatanelephantisaformofhairy-barkedtree.Dawson'sbookshowsustheentirebeast.
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MichaelRatnapalan
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Atremendousdistillationofthematerialbytheleadingexpertofhisgeneration.ItwasfascinatingtoseehowDarwinintegratesthedifferenthistoricalliteratureacrossperiods.Ialsoenjoyedhisterseandwitheringput-downs,e.g.'Britainwasnot"constituted"byempire-amodishbutvacuousexpression'.'AfterTamerlane'isalsoverygood,while'TheEmpireProject'containssomeofthefunniestwritingaboutthemythof"managed"BritishdeclinethatIhaveeverread.
Atremendousdistillationofthematerialbytheleadingexpertofhisgeneration.ItwasfascinatingtoseehowDarwinintegratesthedifferenthistoricalliteratureacrossperiods.Ialsoenjoyedhisterseandwitheringput-downs,e.g.'Britainwasnot"constituted"byempire-amodishbutvacuousexpression'.'AfterTamerlane'isalsoverygood,while'TheEmpireProject'containssomeofthefunniestwritingaboutthemythof"managed"BritishdeclinethatIhaveeverread.
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Jun30,2014
Martin
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AnexcellentoverviewoftheageofEmpireandhowBritainconducteditselfinitsmajoracquisitions.Thebookappearstomeaswell-balancedinitsanalyses.ItdoesnotsubscribetotheviewthatBritainbroughtcultureandindustrytobackwardspeoples,althoughitdoespointoutitspositiveadditionstoacountry.Notdoesthebooktakethepost-colonialviewthattheBritishwerehorriblyinvasive,greedyandleftdevastationintheirwake,althoughthebookdoessayasmuchwhentheocca
AnexcellentoverviewoftheageofEmpireandhowBritainconducteditselfinitsmajoracquisitions.Thebookappearstomeaswell-balancedinitsanalyses.ItdoesnotsubscribetotheviewthatBritainbroughtcultureandindustrytobackwardspeoples,althoughitdoespointoutitspositiveadditionstoacountry.Notdoesthebooktakethepost-colonialviewthattheBritishwerehorriblyinvasive,greedyandleftdevastationintheirwake,althoughthebookdoessayasmuchwhentheoccasionmeritsit.Ilearnedthatmanytimesduringtheempire’scontractionthatwhatwenowsayshouldhavehappenedwasactuallydesiredbythepeopleinpoweratthetime,asinthecaseoftheIndia/Pakistanpartition,whichwasagreedtobyitsBritishgovernorsonlybecauseiftheyhadnotconcludedthebusinessquickly,therewasgoingtobeamassivecivilandreligiouswar.ThereismuchattentionpaidtoAmerica’sWarofIndependencebecausealthoughitdidnothinderBritain’sgrowthelsewhere,itaffectedpolicyinitsfuturecoloniesbothinhowtodealwithindigenouspeoplesandhowtolimitcolonists’powers.TheoverallviewpointofthisbookishowsometimesBritainruthlesslypursuedempire,sometimesitstumbledintoit(governanceasalastresorttosecuretrade),andsometimestookcontrolastheleastundesirableoption,butthattherewasnoparticularpatterntowhathappenedinvariousplaces.However,majorlessonslearnedfromtheAmericancoloniesincludedneverpurchasinglandfromnatives(thatwouldproveitwasthenatives’landinthefirstplace,whichcouldgetlegallystickyoncecolonistswantedmore),notgivingsomuchpowerthatthecolonistssawParliamentasanobstructionorhindrancetogrowth,andtonotfightawarforacolonywithoutthecolonybeingabletofinanceit.ThislastpointisnotpositedinAmericanhistoryclasses:thetaxesimposedinthe1770s(andquarteringofsoldierspriortothat)whichthecolonistsfoundsoinflammatoryweresimplytorecoverthecostsfortheFrench&IndianWar(theNorthAmericantheatreoftheSevenYears’War,reallyourfirstworldwidewar)andtoprotectthecoloniesfromfurtherwarfare.TheAmericanWarofIndependencewasalsocrucialinthewaningyearsoftheBritishEmpireinthatithadpreparedBritainforthatfactthatmostoftheircolonieswouldeventuallygotheirownway.OneofthelovelyaspectsofthisbookisthatitcelebratesthepluralityofmodernBritishlifewhichisadirectconsequenceofitsdiverseandfar-reachingcommonwealth.ItalsocelebratesthelargenumberofordinaryBritish(withoccasionalshoutoutstoIrish)peoplewhosespiritandindustriousnessmadethesefar-flungcoloniespossible.Therecameintobeinggroupsandfamilieswhoneverseemedtostopimmigrating,fromBritaintoIndiatoAustraliatoAmericaandbackagain.Thereisalsodiscussionofpoliticiansandwriterswhoobjectedtotheempire’sexpansion,firstincensedbytheslavetrade,andlaterfeelingthattheempirewasmerelyfuelingaredundantaristocracy.Thefinalthirdofthebookisonelongslidedownhill,andthemakingoftheworldweknowtoday.AlthoughBritainwasoneofthevictorsofWWII,itsdefeatsearlyinthewarhadcausedCanada,AustraliaandNewZealandtoturntotheU.S.outofnecessity,andnotwithoutreservations.InthemiddleofthewarBritainhadtopromiseIndiaitwouldhaveindependenceafterwards,togiveitsarmysomeincentivewhenitlookedpossiblethattheremightbealandwaronthesubcontinentfollowingJapan’sconquestofSingapore.Followingthewar,andpartiallyfueledbytheU.S.,BritainandFrancefeltitimportanttohangouttowhateverdependenciestheyhadleftinordertoformabarriertoCommunism.Overall,afantastic,essentialhistorybook.IneglectedtosayearlierthatitcontainslengthybutconciseanalysesofhowtheBritishwereabletoruleIndiasocompletelyforsolong,usingsomanydifferentmethodsofcoercion,collaboration,force,andfinallyassimilation(whichbackfiredinthatithelpedtocreatetheeducatedclassthatwouldfightforindependenceandinitiallyrule).Worthitforthatalone,butthereissomuchmoretobediscoveredinthisbook.
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GijsGrob
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'UnfinishedEmpire'isaveryinterestingdescriptionoftheBritishEmpire.Darwintakesanon-chronologicalcomparativeapproachtoillustratethattheempirewassomethingdifferenttodifferentpeople,timeperiodsandlocations.Forexample,theBritishcoloniesintheAmericashadlittletodowiththelaterregimeoftheBritishrajinIndia.EvenrelativelyclosecolonieslikeAustraliaandNewZealandhadverydifferenthistories.Darwintakesseveralgeneralaspectsoftheempiretoex
'UnfinishedEmpire'isaveryinterestingdescriptionoftheBritishEmpire.Darwintakesanon-chronologicalcomparativeapproachtoillustratethattheempirewassomethingdifferenttodifferentpeople,timeperiodsandlocations.Forexample,theBritishcoloniesintheAmericashadlittletodowiththelaterregimeoftheBritishrajinIndia.EvenrelativelyclosecolonieslikeAustraliaandNewZealandhadverydifferenthistories.Darwintakesseveralgeneralaspectsoftheempiretoexploretheminmoredetail,e.g.'takingpossession','trafficandtrade','rulingmethods'and'defendingempire'.Theonlychronologicalchapteristhelastone,'Endingempire',whichdescribesthequickdismantlingofBritain'svastdomainafterWorldWarII.'UnfinishedEmpire'isextremelywell-researched,butDarwincarefullyguidesyouthroughthewealthofinformation,andhisstyleisclear,entertainingandtothepoint.Theonlythingmissingisacomparativeanalysiswithotherempires,orwithothercolonialcountries.Thusthequestion,whatmadetheBritishempiretypicallyBritishremainsquiteunanswered,eventhoughDarwinconvincinglyarguesthattherootsofitsBritishnesslayalreadyinmedievalEnglandandinthehandlingofitsfirstcolonyIreland.Inall,'UnfinishedEmpire'isaveryinsightfulbookonwhatwastheBritishempire,showingthatitneverwasjustonehomogeneousthing.Recommendedforanyoneinterestedingeopolitics,history,colonialismandimperialism.
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Moses
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Thisisagreatbook.Itisclearlywrittenbyanacademicconversantinthestudyofempire,butitdoesnotgetlostintheweedsofscholarlydebate.Itstaysonthestraightandnarrowpathofinformingit'sreaderswithlittlevisiblebiasfororagainsttheBritishimperialproject.Darwin'sbookremindsusthattheriseofempiresisnotsolelydrivenbyanyonefactor(e.g.acquisitiveness)andthatinsomecases,Imperialpossessionscomeintothefoldalmostaccidentally,especiallyfor
Thisisagreatbook.Itisclearlywrittenbyanacademicconversantinthestudyofempire,butitdoesnotgetlostintheweedsofscholarlydebate.Itstaysonthestraightandnarrowpathofinformingit'sreaderswithlittlevisiblebiasfororagainsttheBritishimperialproject.Darwin'sbookremindsusthattheriseofempiresisnotsolelydrivenbyanyonefactor(e.g.acquisitiveness)andthatinsomecases,Imperialpossessionscomeintothefoldalmostaccidentally,especiallyforanempirebuiltonabluewaterNavy,likeBritain's.It'salsoeasytoforgetthatBritain'sempire,thelargestinlandareaevercreated,wasshort-lived,withitstimeinthesunlastingfromroughly1830to1945.Anexcellentintroductiontothestudyofempire.ThishelpedcontextualizesomeoftheindependentreadingI'vedoneonvariousfar-flungbitsofempire,suchasRhodesiaandtheFalklands.
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May16,2018
Joshua
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ThiswasareallyinterestingbookthatchangedmyconceptionofwhattheBritishEmpireactuallywasquitealot.
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Mar06,2013
Leah
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Accessible,edifyingandenjoyable…Forthenon-academicreader,anyhistorybookhastobefirstandforemostreadableandthisonemostcertainlyis.DarwinhastakenthehugesubjectoftheBritishEmpireandbrokenitdownintoaseriesofthemedchaptersthatmakesitaccessibleandenjoyablereading.Forexample,onechapterisdevotedtoTrafficandTrade,whileanotherdiscussesRulingMethods.ThismethodallowsDarwintoshowhowsimilaritiesanddifferencesintheapproachtocontrolli
Accessible,edifyingandenjoyable…Forthenon-academicreader,anyhistorybookhastobefirstandforemostreadableandthisonemostcertainlyis.DarwinhastakenthehugesubjectoftheBritishEmpireandbrokenitdownintoaseriesofthemedchaptersthatmakesitaccessibleandenjoyablereading.Forexample,onechapterisdevotedtoTrafficandTrade,whileanotherdiscussesRulingMethods.ThismethodallowsDarwintoshowhowsimilaritiesanddifferencesintheapproachtocontrollingtheempiredependedonlocalcircumstances;andtogiveaveryclearpictureoftheglobalandhistoricalcontext,placingtheBritishEmpireasoneofalineofempiresthathaverisenandfallenthroughouthistory.Infact,whileobviouslythebookisprimarilyabouttheBritishEmpire,itsscopeandclarityofpresentationmademefeelalmostasifIwerereadingahistoryoftheworldoverthelast500years.Darwintriessuccessfullyonthewholetomaintainaneutralstanceontheethicsofempire;ifheistakingapositionatall,itisthattheempirewassodifferentiatedandcameaboutforsuchcomplexhistoricalreasonsthattoarguethatitwasinsomewayanevilaberrationisoverlysimplistic.Insteadheshows,withgreatlucidityandconsiderabledepth,thewho,why,where,whenandhow;andthenleavesthereader,armedwiththatinformation,toconsiderwhethertheeffectswereallbad,allgoodorsomewherein-between.IfIhadanycriticism,itwouldbethatatpointsIwantedmapsasavisualprompttoshowthereachofboththeformalandinformalareasofinfluenceatdifferentpointsinhistory–themapsincludedwereinteresting,butconcentratedmoreonspecifics,likeshippingroutesordistributionofmilitaryresources.Darwinsuggeststhatlookingatthebrightredzonesonmapsgivesamisleadingpictureoftheempireandhehaspersuadedmeofthat,butforthoseofuswhocanneverquiterememberwhere,say,Borneoactuallyis,theydohelp!Howeverthatisaverysmallcriticismofwhatisanexcellentbook,thoroughlyenjoyableandimmenselyedifying,thathasleftmeverymuchbetterinformedaboutthepoliticalandhistoricalcontext,theriseanddecline,andtheglobalimpactofandontheempire–highlyrecommended.NBThisbookwasprovidedforreviewbyAmazonVineUK.
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Jan08,2014
Marks54
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ThisisthethirdofJohnDarwin'sbooksthatIhaveread.Thefirsttwo-TheEmpireProjectandAfterTamerlane-weresuperb.DarwinwritesabouttheBritishEmpireandaboutempiresingeneral."UnfinishedEmpire"isabookabouthowtheBritishEmpireoperated.Itisnotjustanhistoricalaccountbyamoresystematiccomparativestudy.Darwinaccomplishesthisthroughhisperspectivethatthe"BritishEmpire"actuallyembodiedawiderangeofactions,structures,rationales,andoutcomes,
ThisisthethirdofJohnDarwin'sbooksthatIhaveread.Thefirsttwo-TheEmpireProjectandAfterTamerlane-weresuperb.DarwinwritesabouttheBritishEmpireandaboutempiresingeneral."UnfinishedEmpire"isabookabouthowtheBritishEmpireoperated.Itisnotjustanhistoricalaccountbyamoresystematiccomparativestudy.Darwinaccomplishesthisthroughhisperspectivethatthe"BritishEmpire"actuallyembodiedawiderangeofactions,structures,rationales,andoutcomes,suchthatitisdifficulttospeakaboutasingleuniformentitybutratherasetofmultipleempiresthatdevelopedindifferenttimesandcontextsandthusenableathoroughcomparativestudy.Mostofthechaptersaredevotedtoexaminationsofdifferenttopicsallrelatedaroundthenotionofhowtheempireactuallyworked(ordidnotwork).Thisalsoinvolvesconsideringwhythesedifferentempirescameintoexistence-whatthepoliticalandeconomicrationaleswere.Thesechaptersareexceptionalandthebookisfilledwithinsightsthatarebothsurprisingandmemorable.OfparticularinterestishisconsiderationofhowthecrisisintheAmericancoloniesandthelossoftheUnitedStatesfitintothebroaderhistoryoftheempire,includingitsgreatexpansionintoIndiainthe19thcentury.Thelaterchapterschroniclethedeclineoftheempirethroughthetwo20thcenturyworldwarsandintotheperiodofdecolonization.Initsexecution,thebookiswellwrittenandresearched.Whatismostappealingtomeisthewiseandbalancedperspectivethatisondisplaythroughthebook.TheBritishEmpirehascomeinforalotofcriticismlately,muchofitjustified.Darwinisunsparinginbringingoutthesecriticismsoftheempirebutatthesametimetrieshardtoweightheprosandconsofeacharea,ofteninconsiderabledetail.Theconcludingchapter,summinguptheargumentandprovidingsometakeaways,ismasterful.Thisisaverygoodbookandanexampleoftheheightsthatcontemporaryhistorianscanreach.
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Feb07,2022
Zo
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AhelicoptertouroftheBritishempire,dealingwithitsdiffuselocalitiesanddisparatehistoriesinonesweepoftheconceptualbrush.Alas,IamnotsurethatisthebestwaytolearnaboutthehistoryoftheBritishempire.Thebookisfullofgeneralizationsunbackedbyanyparticulardataorsetofhistoricalincidents.ItisnotthatIdoubtthetruthofthegeneralizations,butthatproceedingfromgeneralizationtogeneralization,withoutsomeoverarchingargumentativeframework,isn
AhelicoptertouroftheBritishempire,dealingwithitsdiffuselocalitiesanddisparatehistoriesinonesweepoftheconceptualbrush.Alas,IamnotsurethatisthebestwaytolearnaboutthehistoryoftheBritishempire.Thebookisfullofgeneralizationsunbackedbyanyparticulardataorsetofhistoricalincidents.ItisnotthatIdoubtthetruthofthegeneralizations,butthatproceedingfromgeneralizationtogeneralization,withoutsomeoverarchingargumentativeframework,isnotthemostcompellingwayofwritinghistory.Darwindoesdoagoodjobofshowingthemessinessoftheempire--howlittleofitsdirectionwasdeterminedfromonhighandhowmuchwasduetothewhimsoflocaltradewinds,settler'sidiosyncraticinterests,andothercircumstantialidiosyncrasy.Butthatisnotastartlingconclusion.Idon'tmeantobeentirelydisparagingbecausethereweremanyanecdotesandtellingofeventshereinIfoundinformative;butthelackofconceptualstructureforabookthatdealssomuchinabstractionishardtowrangle.Andinrelyingsomuchonabstraction,IworrythatDarwingetsawaywithglossingovertheuglinessofthishistory.HeacknowledgesBritishracismandcrueltyatmanypoints,andherightlycontextualizestheinterestsuponwhichcolonistsacted;buthedoesnotspendthatmuchtimeactuallyrecountingthetalesof,orprovidingstatisticsabout,themanyatrocitiesthatarepartofthishistory.Idon'tthinkthiswasinsidious.Partoftheexplanationisthatthisbooksimplywasmorefocusedonhowempirewasmanaged,asapoliticalproject,fromtheBritishperspective.ButthebookdoespurporttobeasinglevolumeoverviewoftheBritishempire--itcouldhavedwelledwithinthedarkcornersofitsinglorioushistoryabitmore.
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May04,2018
ChenAnnSiew
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Fascinatingread.AnexcellentanalysisofthemakinganddismantlingoftheBritishEmpire,withchaptersorganisedinaneasy-to-readmanner,i.e.methodsofrule,trade,resolvingconflictetc.Fewlearningpoints:(i)inter-statecompetitionforresourceswithinEuropepreparedtheconditionsforthebuildingofanEmpire,(ii)thebattleofTrafalgarensuredBritishdominanceinnavalpowerforessentiallythenextcentury,(iii)WW2catalysedthedemiseoftheBritishEmpireasaglobalsu
Fascinatingread.AnexcellentanalysisofthemakinganddismantlingoftheBritishEmpire,withchaptersorganisedinaneasy-to-readmanner,i.e.methodsofrule,trade,resolvingconflictetc.Fewlearningpoints:(i)inter-statecompetitionforresourceswithinEuropepreparedtheconditionsforthebuildingofanEmpire,(ii)thebattleofTrafalgarensuredBritishdominanceinnavalpowerforessentiallythenextcentury,(iii)WW2catalysedthedemiseoftheBritishEmpireasaglobalsuperpower,andthatitslongevityasaglobalpowerwasrelativelyshort-lived,arguablyfrom1820s-1945(thoughstilllongerthantheRussianSoviets),(iv)theBritishuseddifferentmethodsofruleacrossitscolonies,e.g.betweenwhitesettlercommunitiesinCanada,ANZ,SouthAfrica,vsIndia,vsEgyptandME,vsothercoloniesinAfrica,SEAetc,andthatflexibilityandadaptabilityprobablycontributedtotheEmpiressizeandlongevity,(v)Empiresriseandfallsincethebeginningoftime,despiteirrationaloptimismwithintheempiresespduringtheheightoftheirsuccesses,orperhapsitisthediminishedsenseofoptimismthereafterwhichfurthercatalyseseveryempire'sdownfall,nomatterwhatlingeringattemptstosavetheremnantsoftheempires.CouldthelongevityoftheBritishEmpirebesustainedforlongerthanwhatitwas?Perhaps,iftherewasn'tasecondworldwar.ButwastheWW2avoidable?Probablynot,sincetheexactnatureofcompetitioninEuropewaswhatpropelledBritaintobeaglobalsuperpowerinthefirstplace.
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Dec27,2013
Mike
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ThisisaboutasacademicabookasI'vereadsincecollege.Dense,far-reachingandambitious,UnfinishedEmpireattemptstooffersomethingofagrandunifyingtheorybehindtheriseandfalloftheBritishEmpire(1588-c1970).Inkeepingwithitssubjectmaterial,UnfinishedEmpireisnebulousattimes,andcanbedifficulttokeepupwith.DarwinbringstobearanenormousknowledgeofBritishhistory,andthedemandsonthereaderareconsiderableashejumpsfromIndiatoSouthAfricatoS
ThisisaboutasacademicabookasI'vereadsincecollege.Dense,far-reachingandambitious,UnfinishedEmpireattemptstooffersomethingofagrandunifyingtheorybehindtheriseandfalloftheBritishEmpire(1588-c1970).Inkeepingwithitssubjectmaterial,UnfinishedEmpireisnebulousattimes,andcanbedifficulttokeepupwith.DarwinbringstobearanenormousknowledgeofBritishhistory,andthedemandsonthereaderareconsiderableashejumpsfromIndiatoSouthAfricatoSoutheastAsiatoNewZealandandelsewhere.UnfinishedEmpire’shighpointsinvolveIndia,andDarwin’scompellingassessmentofwhyitwassuchauniquesituationintermsofcolonialism,differentfromanyotheraspectoftheBritishEmpireorothersofthesamevintage.Englishcontroloverthesubcontinentwasrootedintheuseofnativelaws,spreadingrootsintothelegalandpoliticalsystemtoensurethesubordinationofthecountry,whilecannilyleavingthepeopleandtheirculturelargelyalone.Thiscouldeasilyhavebeenamulti-volumeset,andIthinkperhapsitwouldhavebeenbetterforit.ThedeclineoftheEmpire,tracedroughlyoverthefinalthirdofthebook,feelsrushed.InasensethattoomirrorsthehastenedcollapseofBritainasacolonialpowerafterWorldWarII,butIcouldn’thelpfeelingthatDarwin,havingmadehisoverallpoints,wasinahurrytogetusoutthedoorafterwards.
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Nov01,2017
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Commerce!Christianity!Civilisation!Thisisveryinsightfulstuff–notjustforthosewhowerepartoftheerstwhilecoloniesbutforeveryone,toseehowcloselywhatweidentifyasWesterncivilisationreallyisallBritish.Anditisalldoneverydispassionately,withoutthetakingsides.ThoughitiscertainlyveryforgivingoftheBritish,especiallywhendealingwiththeirtreatmentofthepeopletheyencountered.Thereisthebroadsweep,theanalysis,thebringingittogetherwhichma
Commerce!Christianity!Civilisation!Thisisveryinsightfulstuff–notjustforthosewhowerepartoftheerstwhilecoloniesbutforeveryone,toseehowcloselywhatweidentifyasWesterncivilisationreallyisallBritish.Anditisalldoneverydispassionately,withoutthetakingsides.ThoughitiscertainlyveryforgivingoftheBritish,especiallywhendealingwiththeirtreatmentofthepeopletheyencountered.Thereisthebroadsweep,theanalysis,thebringingittogetherwhichmakesforinterestingreading.However,anacknowledgementthatpeoplewereawfulandgreedy,thattheydideverythingintheirpowertocomeoutontop,thattheydestroyedcommunitiesandlivelihoodstogetrichandricher–someImperialguilt,sotospeak,wouldbegood.WhiletherearereferencestotherebeingaliberalagendaandcriticismofEmpireinBritain,therereallyisn’tanyofthatinthebook–allyougetisasummaryofhowthismadesensefortheBritishinthatcontext.Therearelotsofinterestingsnippetsthough–thatYalewasfoundedwiththeproceedsofatradingfortunemadeinMadras,forexample.OrthatLivingstone,actuallyjusthadoneconversiontohiscredit.Waseyeopeningtoknowsomuchofwhatwetakeforgrantedtoday,issonew–lessthan200yearsbackinsomecases,socontrivedandsofalseaswell.Propertyrights,legalprinciples,contracts,freetrade,itexistsonlybecauseitmadesensefortheEnglishatthatpoint.HowcriticalIndiawastotheBritishandtheextenttowhichthecountrysubsidizedBritain’sgrandexpansionistschemesinAsiaislaidoutsoclearly–notstuffthatoneencountersinourhistorybookstoooften!AndwhileitisastonishingreallytolookbackandseehowmuchBritainwasabletotakeover,notjustofcountriesandwealth,butalsoideasandinstitutions,ismatchedonlywiththespeedwithwhichitallwentwrongandcollapsedintheend.
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Sep10,2017
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Accordingtotheinformationprovidedinthisbook,authoredbyaBritishHistoryProfessor,itseemsBritainhadplayedanimportantroleinescalatingboththeeconomycausedofitsinnovationundertheeraofIndustrialRevolutionandtherestoftheworldwerenotyetaccustomedtowhatwascalledthenewideaofexplorationofNewWorld.UndertheexploitationofnewlandswhichweretobeutilizedassugarcaneplantationscultivatedbytheAfricanslaves,thesewhitelandlordshadtremen
Accordingtotheinformationprovidedinthisbook,authoredbyaBritishHistoryProfessor,itseemsBritainhadplayedanimportantroleinescalatingboththeeconomycausedofitsinnovationundertheeraofIndustrialRevolutionandtherestoftheworldwerenotyetaccustomedtowhatwascalledthenewideaofexplorationofNewWorld.UndertheexploitationofnewlandswhichweretobeutilizedassugarcaneplantationscultivatedbytheAfricanslaves,thesewhitelandlordshadtremendousincomebythechanceoftradingthroughouttheeraofcolonization.Colonizationhasbroughtthewholetopicouttotellthehistoricaltaleofhowthemodernworldisshapedunderthecontinuousinfluenceswhichweretheleftoverfromthesegmentofthecolonizationtale.Ourworldisthecongregationofvarietiesofthoughtsandfromthesethoughts,realityhasbeengeneratedasthewholesomecongregationofworldliness.
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Aug13,2018
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Abookofbroadscopeandyetsignificantinitslevelofdetail.JohnDarwingivesusagreathistoricalperspectiveontheBritishempirethroughitsriseandfall.Hearguesthat,ratherthanafullydesignedapproachtoempire,theBritishpursuedempireusingincrementalandoftenaccidentalmethods.Further,hemanagestopaintafullpictureofhowvariousaspectsoftheBritishempireaffectedeachother.Forinstance,howtheNapoleonicwarsinEuropeplayedoutinthecolonies.Forpeop
Abookofbroadscopeandyetsignificantinitslevelofdetail.JohnDarwingivesusagreathistoricalperspectiveontheBritishempirethroughitsriseandfall.Hearguesthat,ratherthanafullydesignedapproachtoempire,theBritishpursuedempireusingincrementalandoftenaccidentalmethods.Further,hemanagestopaintafullpictureofhowvariousaspectsoftheBritishempireaffectedeachother.Forinstance,howtheNapoleonicwarsinEuropeplayedoutinthecolonies.Forpeoplelikemyselfwhowerebornandgrewupinex-colonies,BritishrulehasamuchmorehorrificandracistimagethanwhatDarwincommunicateshere.Frommyperspective,Darwin'stoneistoomutedwhenhespeaksofthevariousatrocitiescommittedincoloniesliketheCaribbean,Africa,IndiaandAustralia.However,Iwasabletoputthatnaggingfeelingasideformostofthebookandenjoyafascinatinghistoricalreadthatamountstoaworldhistoryofthelast400years.
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Jul17,2018
Jemma
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AnexcellentaccountofthewholeofthehistoryoftheBritishEmpire,fromoneofthereputablehistoriansofmyundergraduatedays.Fair,frankandthorough.Alsoaninterestingtitleforanyonewho'sfamiliarwiththisareaandrecogniseshowramschackletheEmpireactuallywas.ArevieweronAmazondismissedthisas"ToryHistory"andapologist,soIdidapproachthebookwithalittletrepidation.However,thereviewerclearlyhasn'treadthisbookasDarwinprettymuchcoversallthebad
AnexcellentaccountofthewholeofthehistoryoftheBritishEmpire,fromoneofthereputablehistoriansofmyundergraduatedays.Fair,frankandthorough.Alsoaninterestingtitleforanyonewho'sfamiliarwiththisareaandrecogniseshowramschackletheEmpireactuallywas.ArevieweronAmazondismissedthisas"ToryHistory"andapologist,soIdidapproachthebookwithalittletrepidation.However,thereviewerclearlyhasn'treadthisbookasDarwinprettymuchcoversallthebadstuff.IthinktheonlyweakaspectishisattitudetowardsMissionaries,whoarehardlycriticised,perhapsbecauseoftheauthor'sreligiousbeliefs.Whichisashame,asotherwisehissectiononmissionariesisprettygood.Especiallytherevelation(tomeatleast)ofwhodidanddidn'tbecomemissionariesandwhy.
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Apr24,2018
Hundeschlitten
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PickedthisupwhileonvacationatthebookexchangeofourPalmSpringsresort.Expectedtoskimandquicklyreturnit.Instead,Ireaditfromcovertocoveroverthecourseofamonth.Athorough,convincingportraitoftheBritishEmpire.Iparticularlylikedthefirst120pages,whereDarwinlaysoutthebroadconceptsthatenabledandjustifiedEmpire,inparticularhowbothknowledgeandcapitalacquisitioninwhatbecameknownastheCityinLondonfueledthisdynamo.Straight-forwarda
PickedthisupwhileonvacationatthebookexchangeofourPalmSpringsresort.Expectedtoskimandquicklyreturnit.Instead,Ireaditfromcovertocoveroverthecourseofamonth.Athorough,convincingportraitoftheBritishEmpire.Iparticularlylikedthefirst120pages,whereDarwinlaysoutthebroadconceptsthatenabledandjustifiedEmpire,inparticularhowbothknowledgeandcapitalacquisitioninwhatbecameknownastheCityinLondonfueledthisdynamo.Straight-forwardandanalytical,withoutwallowinginthebackwatersofrevisionistmoralizing,itwaseye-openingforme,amostlyenjoyableprimeronthesubjectofempireingeneralanditsBritishmanifestationsinparticular.
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Jan26,2019
MPereira
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ThisisabookanyoneshouldreadwhotakesaninterestinthenotionofBritishnessasitispoliticisedtoday.Thereisnosuchthingasavalue-freejudgementofhistorywhenitcomestotheUK'scolonialhistory.Muchofithasimplicationstopresentday,notjustinthejingoism,butthecolonialterritorieswerecededaslateas1997.Thiswasaheavygoingbookandtookafewre-readsofpages.Itisparticularlypoignanttoreadin2019astheUKpondersontheBrexitdealandhardbrexi
ThisisabookanyoneshouldreadwhotakesaninterestinthenotionofBritishnessasitispoliticisedtoday.Thereisnosuchthingasavalue-freejudgementofhistorywhenitcomestotheUK'scolonialhistory.Muchofithasimplicationstopresentday,notjustinthejingoism,butthecolonialterritorieswerecededaslateas1997.Thiswasaheavygoingbookandtookafewre-readsofpages.Itisparticularlypoignanttoreadin2019astheUKpondersontheBrexitdealandhardbrexiterswithandtheriseofthefarrightappealtounquestionedassumptionsaboutwhattheUK'spastlookedlike.Historyisasumofnarrativesanditisneverdead.Thisisabookthatshowstherelevancetothepresentday,andhowtheexpansionmindsetisnottoofaraway.
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May11,2021
John
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Anastonishingwork.Theauthormanagestocoverthewholebreadthanddepthofthisfranklyenormoussubject.Eachofthe456pagesischockfullofdetailandwellresearchedfact,andheldmyinterestthroughout.Wellwritten,fullofsurprises,finallyanauthorcoversthissubjectinanhonestandbalancedway,steeringclearofjumpingonanypreviousorcurrentbandwagons.Abrilliantwork.
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Apr09,2018
Terry
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Okaybook;kindofdisappointed.WasexpectingahistoryoftheBritishempireandwhiletheauthordidthat,mostofthebookwasn'treallyorganizedasahistory,mostlyonthemesinsteadofanytimeline.Thefirstchapterandthelasttwochaptersweremuchmoreconventionalandmucheasiertoreadandfollow,buttherestofthebookwasajumble.
Okaybook;kindofdisappointed.WasexpectingahistoryoftheBritishempireandwhiletheauthordidthat,mostofthebookwasn'treallyorganizedasahistory,mostlyonthemesinsteadofanytimeline.Thefirstchapterandthelasttwochaptersweremuchmoreconventionalandmucheasiertoreadandfollow,buttherestofthebookwasajumble.
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Sep24,2019
DavidBlankenship
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AfascinatingandinformativelookintohowandwhyBritaindevelopedanempire,,howtheyranit,andhowitwasinevitablethatitended.Thescopeofhistoryandpoliticsandinternationalrelationstheauthorworkedwithwasimpressive,andwhilenotaneasyreaditwasstillreadable.
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Oct18,2020
Paul
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Withoutpointlessapologiesnormallypepperingthesetopics,summaryoftheprocessofbuildingandcollapseoftheBritishempire.Thecollapsepartwasabitrushed-Iguessbothinrealityandinthebook.
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Feb19,2021
PaulGriesbach
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Doyouwanttoknowandtrulyunderstandhowatinytinyislandbecameanempire?UnfinishedEmpirewillcarryyoudowntheroadsoftheempirewhethertheybemadeofsand,river,jungle,orwoodlandstouncovertheanswers.Youmaybesurprisedatwhatyoudiscover.
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Jun14,2017
Anna
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Verygoodtop-downlookatBritishimperialism.Thefirstandfinalchaptersareparticularlyuseful.
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Oct27,2017
AmrySaja
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WellIcannotsayIamnothappywiththebookbutonecommentonlythatIfeltquietdryafterhalfofbooksbutoverallprovideyouwithmanysourcesandinsight
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Dec31,2018
TonyGoriainoff
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GiftfromPatty.Christmas2018.Clifton,Oxfordshire
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Jan21,2020
JamesLutz
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Excellentbibliographybysubject.
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May08,2021
AJ
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09:5505/08/21AudioMiddlebury,VTLearnedalotbutit’sessentiallyjustatextbookgoingthroughthehistoryoftheBritishempirenotreallyanystorytomakeitinteresting.
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Mar01,2017
EleniCharalambous
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“Thebookisdividedintothematicchapters,coveringsuchtopicsasfirstcontact,possession,settlingandfighting,andtherolesofcommerce,rebellion,andreligion”,notesDuncanBell,whichisaveryaptdescriptionofthestructureofthebook.Intwelvechapters,JohnDarwinmanagestoexploretheinnerworkingsoftheBritishEmpire,spanningthroughoutthreecenturiesinaverydetailedandinformedmanner.“Whatreadersareoffered”,mentionsAnthonyHortoninaveryaccuratestateme
“Thebookisdividedintothematicchapters,coveringsuchtopicsasfirstcontact,possession,settlingandfighting,andtherolesofcommerce,rebellion,andreligion”,notesDuncanBell,whichisaveryaptdescriptionofthestructureofthebook.Intwelvechapters,JohnDarwinmanagestoexploretheinnerworkingsoftheBritishEmpire,spanningthroughoutthreecenturiesinaverydetailedandinformedmanner.“Whatreadersareoffered”,mentionsAnthonyHortoninaveryaccuratestatement,“isatremendousworkofsynthesis,basedonimmenseeruditionandpenetratinganalysis”.TheauthorprovidesanobjectiveviewontheBritishEmpire,freefromtheusualprejudicesagainstimperialismthatotherworksmaypresent,inawell-structuredwork.Heprovidesdetailednotesonhissecondarysourcesandfurtherreadingonwhathealreadypresented.Itis,overall,averyinterestingtakeontheBritishEmpireandtheprocessofcolonisation,mentioningnotonlyitsdeficiencies,butalsothewaysinwhichBritainattemptedtoresolvethem.Itisabookthatprovidesknowledgeinanobjectiveway,employinglanguagethatcanbeeasilyunderstood.
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AboutJohnDarwin
JohnDarwin
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GarethJohnDarwin,CBE,FBA,isaBritishhistorianwhofrom1984to2019wastheBeitLecturerinCommonwealthHistoryattheUniversityofOxfordandaFellowofNuffieldCollege,Oxford.PriortohisappointmenttherehewasalecturerinhistoryattheUniversityofReadingbetween1972and1984.
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News&InterviewsReadonTheme:TitlesofLifeandDeath
Inthislatestinstallmentofoursemi-regularThemedReadingadventureseries,wetackletheheaviestthemeofall:LifeandDeath!
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Quotesfrom未竟的帝國:英國的全球擴張
“Sincehistorieswerefirstwritten,theaimofthewriterhasinvariablybeento‘correct’ourviewofthepast,andtoalignitmorecloselywiththewriter’sviewofthepresent,andthewayitwasreached.”
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