如何使用標點符號 - GRAMMER

常用的英文標點符號有十二種，它們是： l.Apostrophe 上標點(') 2.Comma 逗號(,) 3.Colon 冒號(:) 4.Dash 破折號(—)5.Exclamation Point ... skiptomain| skiptosidebar 如何使用標點符號 如何使用英文標點符號如何正確地使用標點符號是學習英文必須具備的基本條件。

標點符號能幫助作者清楚地傳達他的思想，使讀者對每一句話的結構與意義一目瞭然。

一段沒有標點符號的文章是很難看懂的。

1.沒有標點符號難以了解的例句：(a)Aftereatingthechildleftthetable乍看起來，好像是：「吃完那小孩以後…」。

有了標點符號之後的句子是：Aftereating,thechildleftthetable.「吃完之後，那小孩離開了餐桌」。

(b)Insidethedogwasgrowling乍看起來，好像是：「那隻狗的肚子裡在咆哮」。

有了標點符號之後的句子是：Inside,thedogwasgrowling.「門裡面，那隻狗在咆哮」。

(c)WhatdoyouthinkImendfornothingandgiveyoutwodollars乍看起來，好像是：「我免費給你補(鞋)之外，還要送你兩塊錢，你以為如何？」。

有了標點符號之後的句子是：What!doyouthinkImendfornothingandgiveyoutwodollars?「什麼！你以為我免費給你補(鞋)之外，還給你兩塊錢嗎？」2.增減標點符號的例句：(a)Happilyhedied.他含笑而終。

本句中happily修飾died.Happily,hedied.真高興，他死了。

本句中happily修飾hedied.(b)Notaxwillbeimposedonforeignfruittrees.外國進口之果樹將不徵稅。

Notaxwillbeimposedonforeignfruit,trees.外國進口之水果，樹將不徵稅。

(c)Dr.Johnson,ourfamilydoctorcannotcometoday.詹生醫師，我們的家庭醫師今天不能來。

本句是向詹生醫師傳達一項訊息。

(d)Dr.Johnson,ourfamilydoctor,cannotcometoday.我們的家庭醫師詹生今天不能來。

本句中ourfamilydoctor是Dr.Johnson的同位語。

常用的英文標點符號有十二種，它們是：l.Apostrophe上標點(')2.Comma逗號(,)3.Colon冒號(:)4.Dash破折號(—)5.ExclamationPoint驚嘆號(!)6.Hyphen連字號(-)7.Parentheses括號()8.Period句號(．)9.QuestionMark問號(?)lO.QuotationMarks引號("…")11.Semicolon分號(;)l2.TripleDots刪節號(…)現將各種標點符號的用法分別說明如后:l.上標點(')(l)表示字母的省略。

Can'tyoureadthoseroadsigns?(2)表示數字的省略。

TodayisThursday,June1,'89.(3)表示字母的複數。

Therearefives’sin“sleeplessness.”(4)表示單字的複數。

Ourteachertoldusnottousesomanyso’s.(5)表示數字的複數。

Her7’sand9’slookalike.(6)表示所有格。

It’sViceBurn’sumbrella.2.逗號(，)(1)用在以and,but,for,nor,or,so,yet等連接詞連接的兩個主要子句之間。

Myfatherisfondoffishing,butmymotherprefershiking.(2)在複合句中，如果附屬子句在前，主要子句在後，用在附屬子句之後。

WhileIwasmakingatelephonecall,someoneknockedatmydoor．注意：如果主要子句在前，則不用逗號。

(3)用以分開非限制形容詞子句與主要子句。

Herfather,whoisafamousscholar,teachesEnglish.(4)用以分開非限制同位語。

KentHoward,myEnglishteacher,isfromAmerica.(5)用在yes,no,well等字之後。

(a)Yes,heisahard-workingstudent.(b)No,itisimpossible.(c)Well,youmaygoifyouinsist.(6)向人說話時，用在對方名字或稱謂之後，之前或前後。

(a)John,comehere.(b)Openthedoor,John.(c)Itis,Sir,notmyfault.(7)用以分開引用句(a)“Youarebeautiful,”hesaid.(b)Ourteachersaid,“Freedomisnotlicense.”(c)“No,”shesaid,“Iwasjusttestingyourpatience.”(8)用以分開星期，月日，年份。

OnSunday,May28,1989,herfirstchildwasborn.(9)用以分開地名、省名、國名、街道名、巷弄名等。

Candylivesat4Alley10,Lane76,ChingHuaStreet,Section4,Taipei,Taiwan.(10)用以分開一系列的單字，片語或子句。

(a)Hermothersellstomatoes,potatoes,andpeaches.(b)Sheranupthestairs,acrosstheporch,andintothehouse.(c)Weallagreedthatshewasbeautiful,thatshewasintelligent,andthatshewasambitious.(11)用以表示字的省略。

Thelionisthesymbolofcourage;thelamb,ofmeekness.(thelambisthesymbolofmeekness).(12)用在suchas及especially的前面。

(a)Theyenjoyoutdoorsports,suchashikingandriding.(b)Helikesallextracurricularactivities,especiallybasketballplaying.(13)用以分開「乃此非彼」的結構。

HewantedtoseeCliff,notSteve.(14)用在追問句之前。

Itiswarmtoday,isn’tit?3.冒號(：)(1)用在解釋或逐項列舉之前(在asfollows,thefollowingasthese或givenbelow之後)。

(a)Iboughtthefollowingarticles:sheets,towels,andblankets．(b)Thetablelampconsistsofthreeparts:astand,abulb,andashade.(2)用在正式或事務信函中稱謂之後。

DearSir:DearMr.Reagan:Gentlemen:注意:在非正式或交際信函中稱謂之後用逗號。

DearMary,DearJohn,(3)用在數字之後，表示時間。

Ourclassstartsat8:10a.m.andendsat12:00noon.(4)用在較長的引用句或正式問句之前。

(a)Thisismyfavoritequotation:“Itisdifficulttosaywhatisimpossible,forthedreamofyesterdayisthehopeoftodayandrealityoftomorrow.”(b)Thequestionis:Whatcanwedoforourcountry?(5)用在講釋第一個主要子句的第二個主要句子之前。

Herintentionisobvious:shewantstomarryhim.4.破折號(--)(1)表示猶豫，句意的暫時中斷,或思想的突然中斷。

(a)I—Idon’tknow.You’dbetteraskher.(b)Theentireteachingfacilities—console,tapes,earphones,andtaperecorders—werestolenlastnight.(c)I’llgive—let’ssee,whatcanIgive?(2)用以強調同位語。

Shehasonlyoneinterest—food.(3)用在結語之前。

ProfessorChucollectspostagestamps,coins,seashells,matchboxes—inshort,anythingthatinterestshim.(4)用在未完成句之後。

Shesaid,“Hewaseverythingtome,but--”5.驚嘆號(！)(1)用在以強烈情感說出的字句之後。

(a)Whatasurprise!(b)Howbeautifulagirlsheis!(c)Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!(2)用在祈使句之後。

(a)Help!Myhouseisonfire!(b)Bequiet!6.連字句(-)(1)用以表示分數或連接由21至99中的十位數及個位數。

(a)Three-fourthsofthefreshmanstudentsaregirls.(b)Therearetwenty-twoboystudentandninety-eightgirlstudentsintheDepartmentofEnglish.(2)用在行末連接分寫的單字。

HeisagraduatestudentofNationalChengchiUni-versity.(3)用以連接複合字中的各字。

Wehadaheart-to-hearttalklastnight.7.括號()用來在句中附加評論或解釋。

Isawthetwostudents(theyarelovers)kissingeachother.8.句號(.)(1)用在敘述句，祈使句及禮貌問句之後。

(a)Iwishtoenteranidealuniversity.(b)Turninyourpapers,please.(c)Willyoupleasesendmeacopyofyouruniversitycatalogue.(2)用在間接問句之後。

Sheaskedifyouwouldcometoherbirthdayparty.(3)用在縮寫名字和其他字的第一個字母之後，或縮寫字之後。

(a)Prof.W.W.WanghasreturnedtoTaipei.(如果不用名字，則要用ProfessorWang.)(b)Dr.TangearnedhisPh.D.degreefromGeorgetownUniversityinWashington,D.C.(DistrictofColumbia).9.問號(？)(1)用在直接問句之後。

DoyoufindEnglishwritingdifficult?(2)用在括號中表示存疑。

Chaucerwasbornin1340(?)anddiedin1400.10.引號(“”)(1)用在引用句的前後。

(a)Ourteachersaid,“AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”(b)“Idon’tlikeher,”sheexplained,“becausesheisfartooproud.”(2)如果引用句本身是敘述句而且位在一個問句之後，必須先用引號，再用問號。

Didhesay,“Iamgoingtocollegenextyear”?如果引用句本身是問句，則必須先用問號，再用引號。

Didhesay,“Areyougoingtocollegenextyear?”(3)引用文句有兩段或兩段以上時，只在每一段開始時和最後一段結束時用引號。

“MomandDaddidnotcomehomewiththembecauseSundaywasparents’dayoff;theboysdidthehouseworkandcookedthemealoftheweek,whileFatherandMotherstayedonforchurchservice.“Butbythetimedinerwasreadytheboyhadclimbedintobed.Theshoehadtobecutoffhisswollenanddiscoloredleg.Whyonearthhadn’thetoldsomebody?Goquickandfetchthedoctor!”(4)引用句中另有引用句時,用單引號表示Shesaid,“Iquiteagreetothesaying‘Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessonearth’.”注意：美式英文中，雙引號在外，單引號在內，英式英文中恰好相反。

11.分號(；)(1)用以連接兩個或兩個以上的主要子句。

(a)Thesingularformismouse;thepluralformismice.(b)shemadeuphermind;shelaidherplans;shebeganhertrip.(2)用在連接兩個主要子句的連接副詞(consequently,however,moreover,nevertheless,so,still,then,therefore,thus,etc.)之前。

Hedidnotpasstheexamination;therefore,hewasunhappy.(3)用在連接兩個主要子句的連接詞(and,but,or,nor,for)之前，當主要子句本身有逗號時。

Henry,afreshman,livesathome;butKarl,hisbrother,doesnot.12.刪節號(…)用以表示引用句中省略的文字。

如刪節號用在句尾，另加原句句尾的標點符號，如果是問號，則在刪節號之後加問號(…?)InhisessayLUCKWinstonChurchillwrote:“Thelongeronelives,themoreonerealizesthateverythingdependsuponchance…aman’sowncontributiontohislifestoryiscontinuallybyanexternalsuperiorpower.”注意：英文中表示「等等」用etc.而不是用刪節號(…)。

英文標點符號Punctuation教學(1)，(Comma逗號)http://www.mychinesetea.net/enghome_d1.htm(2)．(Period句號)http://www.mychinesetea.net/enghome_d2.htm(3)；(Semicolon分號)http://www.mychinesetea.net/enghome_d3.htm(4)：(Colon冒號)http://www.mychinesetea.net/enghome_d4.htm(5)？&！(Questionmark問號&Exclamationpoint驚嘆號)http://www.mychinesetea.net/enghome_d5.htm(6)─&-(Dash破折號&hyphen連字號)http://www.mychinesetea.net/enghome_d6.htm(7)()&[](Parentheses圓括號&Brackets括號)http://www.mychinesetea.net/enghome_d7.htm(8)“”&．．．(引號&省略號)http://www.mychinesetea.net/enghome_d8.htmHOWTOUSEENGLISHPUNCTUATIONCORRECTLY1.Endyoursentenceswithaperiod(fullstop),questionmark,orexclamationpoint(exclamationmarkorshoutmark).1-1Usetheperiod(fullstop)todenoteafullstopattheendofastatement.Theperiod(.)isoneofthemostcommonlyusedpunctuationmarks.Theaccessibilityofthecomputerhasincreasedtremendouslyoverthepastseveralyears.1-2Thequestionmark(?),usedattheendofasentence,suggestsaninterrogatoryremarkorinquiry.Whathashumanitydoneaboutthegrowingconcernofglobalwarming?1-3Theexclamationpoint(exclamationmark,shoutmark)(!)suggestsexcitementoremphasisinasentence.Ican'tbelievehowdifficulttheexamwas!2.Usethesemicolonandcolonproperly.oThesemicolon(;)hasafewuses.§Useasemicolontoseparatetworelatedbutindependentclauses.Notethat,ifthetwoclausesareverywordyorcomplex,itisbettertouseaperiodinstead.§Peoplecontinuetoworryaboutthefuture;ourfailuretoconserveresourceshasputtheworldatrisk.§Useasemicolontoseparateacomplexseriesofitems,especiallythosethatcontaincommas.§IwenttotheshowwithJake,myclosefriend;hisfriend,Jane;andherbestfriend,Jenna.oThecolon(:)hasmultipleuses.§Usethecolontointroducealist.Becarefulnottouseacolonwhendenotingaregularseries.Usually,thewordfollowingsuggeststheuseofacolon.Useonlyafterafullsentencewhichendsinanoun.§Theprofessorhasgivenmethreeoptions:toretaketheexam,toaccepttheextracreditassignment,ortofailtheclass.§INCORRECT-TheEasterbasketcontained:Eastereggs,chocolaterabbits,andothercandy.3.Understandthedifferencesbetweenahyphenandadash.oThehyphen(-)wasonceacommonpunctuationmarkontypewriters,whenalongwordmighthavebeensplitbetweentwolines.Thehyphenisstillusedinanumberofotherareas:§Useahyphenwhenaddingaprefixtosomewords.Thepurposeofthishyphenistomakethewordeasiertoread.Ifyouweretoleavethehyphenoutofawordlikere-examine,itwouldbereexamine,whichwouldbehardertoread.Understandthatsomewordsdonotrequireahyphentoseparatetheprefixfromtheword,suchasrestate,pretest,andundo.Letadictionarybeyourguideforwhentousethehyphenafteraprefix.Whenyouuseahyphen,thetwowordshavetorelyoneachother.Example:re-arrange.§Caraishisex-girlfriend.§Usehyphenswhencreatingcompoundwordsfromseparatewords.§Theup-to-datenewspaperreporterswerequicktojumponthelatestscandal.§Useahyphenwhenwritingnumbersoutaswords.Separatethetwowordsofanynumberunderonehundredwithahyphen.§Therearefifty-twoplayingcardsinadeck.("Theamountisonehundredandeighty"isacommonerrorinUSEnglish,wherethe"and"isusuallyomitted.ElsewhereintheEnglish-speakingworld,however,the"and"isusuallyincluded.)§Becarefulwithspellingoutnumbersaboveonehundred—ifthenumberisusedasanadjective,itiscompletelyhyphenated,sinceallcompoundadjectivesarehyphenated(Ihaveone-hundredtapes).Otherwise,ahyphenshouldonlyoccurifanumbergreaterthan100occurswithinthelargernumber,e.g.,Helivedtobeonehundredtwenty-one.oThedash(--or—)shouldbeusedwhenmakingabriefinterruptionwithinastatement,asuddenchangeofthought,anadditionalcomment,oradramaticqualification.Itcanalsobeusedtoaddaparentheticalstatement,suchasforfurtherclarification,butshouldstillberelevanttothesentence.Otherwise,useparentheses.Keepinmindthattherestofthesentenceshouldstillflownaturally.Trytoremovethestatementwithinthedashfromthesentence;ifthesentenceappearsdisjointedordoesnotmakesense,thenyoumayneedtorevise.ThereshouldbespacesbeforeandafterthedashinBritishEnglish.§Anintroductoryclauseisabriefphrasethatcomes—yes,youguessedit—atthebeginningofasentence.§Thisistheendofoursentence—orsowethought.4.Usethedoublequotationmarkandsinglequotationmark/apostrophefordifferentpurposes.oThedoublequotation(")enclosesadirectquotation,whethermadebyapersonortakenfromapieceofliterature.§"Ican'twaittoseehimperform!"Johnexclaimed.§Accordingtothearticle,thevalueofthedollarindevelopingnationsis"stronglyinfluencedbyitsaestheticvalue,ratherthanitsfacevalue."oThesinglequotationmarkorapostrophe(')hasavarietyofuses.§Usetheapostrophetogetherwiththeletterstoindicatepossession.Beawareofthedifferenceinusinganapostrophewithsingularorpluralnouns.Asingularnounwilluse's,whereasthepluralversionofthatsingularnounwilluses'.Also,bemindfulofnounsthatarealwaysconsideredtobeplural,suchaschildrenandpeople—here,youshoulduse's.Beawareofpronounsthatarealreadypossessiveanddonotrequireapostrophes,suchashersandits(it'sisusedonlyforthecontractionsofitisandithas).Theirispossessivewithoutapostropheors,exceptasapredicateadjective,whereitbecomestheirs.§Thehamster'swatertubeneedstoberefilled.§Asingularnounwithpossession.§Inthepetstore,thehamsters'beddingneededtobechanged.§Apluralizedsingularnounwithpossession.§Thesechildren'stestscoresarethehighestinthenation.§Apluralnounwithpossession.§Usetheapostrophetocombinetwowordstomakeacontraction.Forexample,cannotbecomescan't,youarebecomesyou're,andtheyhavebecomesthey've.§Usethesinglequotationmarkwithinaregularquotationtoindicateaquotationwithinaquotation.§Alisaid,"Annatoldme,'Iwasn'tsureifyouwantedtocome!'"§Notethatanapostropheisnotusedwith's'tomakeapluralnounfromasingular.Thisisaverycommonmistakeandshouldbeavoided.§CORRECT-apple→apples§INCORRECT-apple→apple's5.Indicateabreakorpausewithinasentencewiththecomma(,).Thisisanothercommonlyusedpunctuationmark.Thereareseveralinstanceswhereyoumightuseacomma:oUsethecommawhendenotinganappositive,orabreakwithinasentencethatsupplementsandaddsinformationtothesubject.§BillGates,CEOofMicrosoft,isthedeveloperoftheoperatingsystemknownasWindows.oUsethecommawhendenotingaseries.Thisisasetofthreeormore"list"itemswithinasentence.Tosavespaceinnewspapers,somewritersmayomitthelastcomma.§Thefruitbasketcontainedapples,bananas,andoranges.§Thecomputerstorewasfilledwithvideogames,computerhardwareandotherelectronicparaphernalia.oUseacommaifyoursubjecthastwoormoreadjectivesdescribingit.Thisissomewhatsimilartoaseries,exceptthatitisincorrecttoplaceacommaafterthefinaladjective.§CORRECT-Thepowerful,resonatingsoundcaughtourattention.§INCORRECT-Thepowerful,resonating,soundcaughtourattention.oUseacommawhenreferringtoacityandstate.Itisalsonecessarytouseacommatoseparatethecityandstatefromtherestofthesentence.§IamoriginallyfromFreehold,NJ.§LosAngeles,CA,isoneofthelargestcitiesintheUnitedStates.oUseacommatoseparateanintroductoryphrase(whichisusuallyoneormoreprepositionalphrases)fromtherestofthesentence.Anintroductoryphrasebrieflyintroducesthesentence,butisnotpartofthesentence'ssubjectorpredicate,anditthereforeshouldbeseparatedfromthemainclausebyacomma.§Aftertheshow,JohnandIwentouttodinner.§Onthebackofmycouch,mycat'sclawshaveslowlybeencarvingalargehole.oUsethecommatoseparatetwoindependentclauses.Havingtwoindependentclausesinasentencesimplymeansthatyoucansplitthesentenceintotwo.Ifyoursentencecontainstwoindependentclausesthatareseparatedbyaconjunction(suchasand,as,but,for,nor,so,oryet),placeacommabeforetheconjunction.§Ryanwenttothebeachyesterday,butheforgothissunscreen.§Waterbillsusuallyriseduringthesummer,aspeoplearethirstierduringhotandhumiddays.oUseacommawhenmakingadirectaddress.Whencallingone'sattentionbyname,separatetheperson'snameandtherestofthestatementwithacomma.Notethatthiskindofcommaisusedrarelyinwriting,becausethisissomethingthatwedonormallywhilespeaking.§Amber,couldyoucomehereforamoment?oUseacommatoseparatedirectquotations.Acommashouldcomeafterthelastwordbeforeaquotationthatisbeingintroduced.Itisnotnecessarytouseacommainanindirectquote.Acommaisusuallynotnecessaryifyouarenotquotinganentirestatement.§WhileIwasathishouse,JohnaskedmeifIwantedanythingtoeat.§Anindirectquotationthatdoesnotrequireacomma.§WhileIwasathishouse,Johnasked,"Doyouwantanythingtoeat?"§Adirectquotation.§Accordingtotheclient,thelawyerwas"lazyandincompetent."§Apartialdirectquotationthatdoesnotrequireacomma.6.Understandthedifferencebetweenparentheses,brackets,andbraces.oUseparentheses(())toclarify,toplaceanafterthought,ortoaddapersonalcomment.Besuretoincludetheperiodaftertheclosingparenthesis.§SteveCase(AOL'sformerCEO)resignedfromtheTime-Warnerboardofdirectorsin2005.§Usedforclarification.Here,commascanreplacetheparentheses.§Youwillneedaflashlightforthecampingtrip(don'tforgetthebatteries!).§Anafterthought.Notethattheperiod(fullstop)followsthelastparentheses—notbeforethefirst.Alsonotethatreplacingtheparentheseswithacommamaynotbeentirelysuitablehere,andisbetteroffwithaperiodorasemicolon.§Mostgrammariansbelievethatparenthesesandcommasarealwaysinterchangeable(Idisagree).§Apersonalcomment.oUsebrackets([])tosignifyaneditor'snoteinaregularpieceofwriting.Youcanalsousebracketstoclarifyortoreviseadirectquotesothatitappealstoyourownwriting.Bracketsareoftenusedtoencompasstheword"sic"(Latinforthus),suggestingthatthepreviouswordorphrasewaswritten"asis",withtheerrorintendedtobedisplayed.§"[Theblast]wasabsolutelydevastating,"saidSusanSmith,alocalbystanderatthesceneoftheincident.§"Itwasabsolutelydevastating!"–theactualquotebySusanSmith.oBraces({})aremostwidelyusedindenotinganumericsetinmathematics.Thoughgenerallyuncommon,bracescanalsobeusedinregularwritingtoindicateasetofequal,independentchoices.§{1,2,5,10,20}§Chooseyourfavoriteutensil{fork,knife,spoon}andbringittome.7.Knowhowtousetheslash(/).oUsetheslashtoseparate"and"and"or",whenappropriate.Thephrase"and/or"suggeststhataseriesofoptionsarenotmutuallyexclusive.§"Toregister,youwillneedyourdriver'slicenseand/oryourbirthcertificate."oTheslashisusedwhenquotinglyricsandpoetrytodenotealinebreak.Besuretoaddspacesbetweenyourslasheshere.§"Row,row,rowyourboat/gentlydownthestream/Merrily,merrily,merrily,merrily,/lifeisbutadream."oTheslashcanreplacetheword"and"tojointwonouns.Byreplacing"and"withaslash,yousuggestthatthereisequalimportanttobothcharacteristics.Usethesereplacementsinmoderationtoplacegreateremphasiswhere"and"maynotdoso—aswellasasnottoconfusethereader.Youcanalsodothesamefor"or",asin"his/her".Howeveryoushouldnotusetheslashtoseparateindependentclauses,asshownbelow.§"Thestudentandpart-timeemployeehasverylittlefreetime."→"Thestudent/part-timeemployeehasverylittlefreetime."§"Doyouwanttogotothegrocerystore,orwouldyouprefertogotothemall?"→"Doyouwanttogotothegrocerystore/wouldyouprefertogotothemall?–Thisisincorrect. 較新的文章 較舊的文章 首頁 網誌存檔 ▼  2009 (17) ▼  九月 (13) SPEAKTELLSAY 英國英語和美國英語標點符號的差異 連接詞 副詞 COMMASAFTERINSTRODUCTIONS 如何使用標點符號 INVERTEDSENTENCE倒裝句 句子結合的技巧 進行式、狀態與動態動詞 副詞子句 斜體字與加底線 名詞子句 形容詞子句 ►  八月 (4) Referencewebs NeihuiSeniorHighSchoolEnglishGrammerhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/607/03/http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quizzes/nova/nova2.htmhttp://englishplus.com/grammar/00000074.htmhttp://www.cybertranslator.idv.tw/grammar/grammar.htmhttp://www.ep66.com.tw/QA1.htmhttp://www.kentlaw.edu/academics/lrw/grinker/LwtaEllipses.htm