Spouse - Wikipedia

A spouse is a significant other in a marriage (in certain contexts, it can also apply to a civil union or common-law marriage). Although a spouse is a form ... Spouse FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Partnerinamarriageorsimilarunion StatueofSimonCarmiggeltandhiswifeTinybyWimKuijl [nl] Areligiousmarriage. Aspouseisasignificantotherinamarriage(incertaincontexts,itcanalsoapplytoacivilunionorcommon-lawmarriage).Althoughaspouseisaformofsignificantother,thelattertermalsoincludesnon-maritalpartnerswhoplayasocialrolesimilartothatofaspouse,butdonothaverightsanddutiesreservedbylawtoaspouse.ThisisanincompletetranslationfromFrenchépoux/épouse. Contents 1Married 2Minimumage 3Procreation 4Choosingaspouse 5Seealso 6References 7Externallinks Married[edit] Furtherinformation:CovertureandMaritalpower Thelegalstatusofaspouse,andthespecificrightsandobligationsassociatedwiththatstatus,varysignificantlyamongthejurisdictionsoftheworld.Theseregulationsareusuallydescribedinfamilylawstatutes.However,inmanypartsoftheworld,wherecivilmarriageisnotthatprevalent,thereisinsteadcustomarymarriage,whichisusuallyregulatedinformallybythecommunity.Inmanypartsoftheworld,spousalrightsandobligationsarerelatedtothepaymentofbrideprice,dowryordower.Historically,manysocietieshavegivensetsofrightsandobligationstomalemaritalpartnersthathavebeenverydifferentfromthesetsofrightsandobligationsgiventofemalemaritalpartners.Inparticular,thecontrolofmaritalproperty,inheritancerights,andtherighttodictatetheactivitiesofchildrenofthemarriage,havetypicallybeengiventomalemaritalpartners.However,thispracticewascurtailedtoagreatdealinmanycountriesinthetwentiethcentury,andmoremodernstatutestendtodefinetherightsanddutiesofaspousewithoutreferencetogender.AmongthelastEuropeancountriestoestablishfullgenderequalityinmarriagewereSwitzerland.In1985,areferendumguaranteedwomenlegalequalitywithmenwithinmarriage.[1][2]ThenewreformscameintoforceinJanuary1988.[3]Greece,[4]Spain,[5]andFrance.AlthoughmarriedwomeninFranceobtainedtherighttoworkwithouttheirhusbands'permissionin1965,[6]andthepaternalauthorityofamanoverhisfamilywasendedin1970(beforethatparentalresponsibilitiesbelongedsolelytothefatherwhomadealllegaldecisionsconcerningthechildren),itwasonlyin1985thatalegalreformabolishedthestipulationthatthehusbandhadthesolepowertoadministerthechildren'sproperty.[7]inthe1980s.Invariousmarriagelawsaroundtheworld,however,thehusbandcontinuestohaveauthority;forinstancetheCivilCodeofIranstatesatArticle1105:"Inrelationsbetweenhusbandandwife;thepositionoftheheadofthefamilyistheexclusiverightofthehusband".[8] Dependingonjurisdiction,therefusalorinabilityofaspousetoperformthemaritalobligationsmayconstituteagroundfordivorce,legalseparationorannulment.ThelattertwooptionsaremoreprevalentincountrieswherethedominantreligionisRomanCatholicism,someofwhichintroduceddivorceonlyrecently(i.e.Italyin1970,Portugalin1975,Brazilin1977,Spainin1981,Argentinain1987,[9]Paraguayin1991,[10]Colombiain1991,[10][11]Irelandin1996,Chilein2004[12]andMaltain2011).Inrecentyears,manyWesterncountrieshaveadoptednofaultdivorce.Insomepartsoftheworld,theformaldissolutionofamarriageiscomplicatedbythepaymentsandgoodswhichhavebeenexchangedbetweenfamilies(thisiscommonwheremarriagesarearranged).Thisoftenmakesitdifficulttoleaveamarriage,especiallyforthewoman:insomepartsofAfrica,oncethebridepricehasbeenpaid,thewifeisseenasbelongingtothehusbandandhisfamily;andifshewantstoleave,thehusbandmaydemandbackthebridepricethathehadpaidtothegirl'sfamily.Thegirl'sfamilyoftencannotordoesnotwanttopayitback.[13][14][15] Regardlessoflegislation,personalrelationsbetweenspousesmayalsobeinfluencedbylocalcultureandreligion.[16] Minimumage[edit] Thereisoftenaminimumlegalmarriageableage.TheUnitedNationsPopulationFundstatedthefollowing:[17] "In2010,158countriesreportedthat18yearswastheminimumlegalageformarriageforwomenwithoutparentalconsentorapprovalbyapertinentauthority.However,in146countries,stateorcustomarylawallowsgirlsyoungerthan18tomarrywiththeconsentofparentsorotherauthorities;in52countries,girlsunderage15canmarrywithparentalconsent.Incontrast,18isthelegalageformarriagewithoutconsentamongmalesin180countries.Additionally,in105countries,boyscanmarrywiththeconsentofaparentorapertinentauthority,andin23countries,boysunderage15canmarrywithparentalconsent." Procreation[edit] InWesterncountries,spousessometimeschoosenottohavechildren.Insomeotherpartsoftheworld,therearegreaterexpectationsthatheterosexualcoupleswillprocreate.Insomeculturesandreligions,itisanobligation.InnorthernGhana,forexample,thepaymentofbridepricesignifiesawoman'srequirementtobearchildren,andwomenusingbirthcontrolareatrisksofthreatsandcoercion.[18] Choosingaspouse[edit] Therearemanywaysinwhichaspouseischosen,whichvaryacrosstheworld,andincludelovemarriage,arrangedmarriage,andforcedmarriage.Thelatterisinsomejurisdictionsavoidmarriageoravoidablemarriage.Forcingsomeonetomarryisalsoacriminaloffenseinsomecountries.[19] Seealso[edit] Bride Spousalprivilege Workspouses,apairofco-workerssharingemotionalbondssimilartothoseinamarriage References[edit] ^"Switzerlandprofile-Timeline".BBCNews.May22,2018. ^"TheLongWaytoWomen'sRighttoVoteinSwitzerland:aChronology".history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch. ^Women'smovementsoftheworld:aninternationaldirectoryandreferenceguide,editedbySallyShreir,p.254 ^In1983,legislationwaspassedguaranteeingequalitybetweenspouses,abolishingdowry,andendinglegaldiscriminationagainstillegitimatechildrenDemos,Vasilikie.(2007)“TheIntersectionofGender,ClassandNationalityandtheAgencyofKytherianGreekWomen.”PaperpresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAmericanSociologicalAssociation.August11. ^In1981,Spainabolishedtherequirementthatmarriedwomenmusthavetheirhusbands’permissiontoinitiatejudicialproceedings"Archivedcopy"(PDF).Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on2014-08-24.Retrieved2014-08-25.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:archivedcopyastitle(link) ^http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/explore/cmcf-vsi-women-in-france.pdf[bareURLPDF] ^"Los7mejoresejerciciosparalaTERAPIADEPAREJA¡Descúbrelos!".TerapiadeParejaWeb. ^"Archivedcopy"(PDF).Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on2017-03-11.Retrieved2017-10-23.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:archivedcopyastitle(link) ^"DivorceIsNowLegalinArgentinabut,SoFar,FewCouplesHaveTakentheBreak".LosAngelesTimes. ^abSexandtheState:Abortion,Divorce,andtheFamilyUnderLatin.AmericanDictatorshipsandDemocracies,byMalaHtun,pp102 ^note:divorcebetween1976-1991wasallowedfornon-Catholics ^"Chileintroducesrighttodivorce".BBCNews.BBC.November18,2004.Retrieved2013-11-01. ^"ProtectingtheGirlChild:UsingtheLawtoEndChild,EarlyandForcedMarriageandRelatedHumanRightsViolations"(PDF).equalitynow.org.2018-05-29. ^"Archivedcopy"(PDF).Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on2015-09-24.Retrieved2015-03-11.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:archivedcopyastitle(link) ^Stange,MaryZeiss,andCarolK.Oyster,JaneE.Sloan(2011).EncyclopediaofWomeninToday'sWorld,Volume1.SAGE.p. 496.ISBN 9781412976855.{{citebook}}:CS1maint:multiplenames:authorslist(link) ^"MarriageandCultures:marriageandculture".www.bizymoms.com.Retrieved2020-04-02. ^UnitedNationsPopulationFundUNFPA(2012)."MarryingTooYoung-EndChildMarriage"(PDF).www.unfpa.org. ^Bawah,AyagaAgula;Akweongo,Patricia;Simmons,Ruth;Phillips,JamesF.(1999)."Women'sfearsandmen'sanxieties:theimpactoffamilyplanningongenderrelationsinNorthernGhana".StudiesinFamilyPlanning.WileyonbehalfofthePopulationCouncil.30(1):54–66.doi:10.1111/j.1728-4465.1999.00054.x.hdl:2027.42/73927.PMID 10216896.Pdf. ^"Anti-socialBehaviour,CrimeandPolicingAct2014".legislation.gov.uk. Externallinks[edit] LookupspouseinWiktionary,thefreedictionary. MediarelatedtoSpousesatWikimediaCommons vteFamily History Household Nuclearfamily Extendedfamily Conjugalfamily Immediatefamily Matrifocalfamily First-degreerelatives Parent father mother Child son daughter Sibling brother sister Second-degreerelatives Grandparent Grandchild Aunt Uncle Niece Nephew Third-degreerelatives Great-grandparent Great-grandchild Great-aunt Great-uncle Cousin Family-in-law Spouse wife husband Parent-in-law Sibling-in-law Child-in-law daughter-in-law son-in-law Stepfamily Stepparent stepfather stepmother Stepchild Stepsibling Kinshipterminology Kinship AustralianAboriginalkinship Adoption Affinity Consanguinity Disownment Divorce Estrangement Fictivekinship Marriage Nurturekinship Hawaiiankinship Sudanesekinship Eskimokinship Iroquoiskinship Crowkinship Omahakinship Genealogyandlineage Bilateraldescent Commonancestor Familyname Heirloom Heredity Inheritance Linealdescendant Matrilineality Patrilineality Progenitor Clan Royaldescent Familytrees Pedigreechart Genogram Ahnentafel Genealogicalnumberingsystems Seizequartiers Quartersofnobility Relationships Agape(parentallove) Eros(maritallove) Philia(brotherlylove) Storge(familiallove) Filialpiety Polyfidelity Holidays Mother'sDay U.S. Father'sDay Father-DaughterDay SiblingsDay NationalGrandparentsDay Parents'Day Children'sDay Japan FamilyDay Canada AmericanFamilyDay InternationalDayofFamilies NationalFamilyWeek UK NationalAdoptionDay Related Singleparent Onlychild Weddinganniversary Godparent Sociologyofthefamily MuseumofMotherhood Incest Dysfunctionalfamily AuthoritycontrolNationallibraries Germany UnitedStates Latvia Other NationalArchives(US) Portals: Society Law Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spouse&oldid=1083064908" Categories:FamilySpousesHiddencategories:CS1maint:archivedcopyastitleAllarticleswithbareURLsforcitationsArticleswithbareURLsforcitationsfromMarch2022ArticleswithPDFformatbareURLsforcitationsCS1maint:multiplenames:authorslistArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataCommonscategorylinkfromWikidataArticleswithGNDidentifiersArticleswithLCCNidentifiersArticleswithLNBidentifiersArticleswithNARAidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages العربيةAragonésAsturianuBrezhonegCatalàЧӑвашлаČeštinaDanskDeutschEestiEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFrançaisFryskGalego한국어ՀայերենÍslenskaLatinaBahasaMelayuNederlands日本語پنجابیPolskiRomânăРусскийSakizayaسنڌيСрпски/srpskiSuomiTagalogاردوWinaray粵語中文 Editlinks