Expiration date - Wikipedia

An expiration date or expiry date is a previously determined date after which something should no longer be used, either by operation of law or by exceeding ... Expirationdate FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Determineddatetoendtheuseofsomething Forotheruses,seeExpirationdate(disambiguation). Externalvideo“Sell-bydates:ThingstoKnow",KnowableMagazine,January8.2020 Anexpirationdateorexpirydateisapreviouslydetermineddateafterwhichsomethingshouldnolongerbeused,eitherbyoperationoflaworbyexceedingtheanticipatedshelflifeforperishablegoods.Expirationdatesareappliedtoselectedfoodproductsandtosomeothermanufacturedproductslikeinfantcarseatswheretheageoftheproductmayimpactitssafeuse.[1] Thelegaldefinitionandusageoftermswillvarybetweencountriesandproducts. Differenttermsmaybeusedforproductsthattendtospoilandthosethattendtobeshelf-stable. ThetermUsebyisoftenappliedtoproductssuchasmilkandmeatthataremorelikelytospoilandcanbecomedangeroustothoseeatingthem.Suchproductsshouldnotbeeatenpastthedateshown. ThetermBestbeforeisoftenappliedtoproductsthatmaydeteriorateslightlyinquality,butareunlikelytobecomedangerousasaresult,suchasdriedfoods.SuchproductscanbeeatenaftertheirBestbeforedateatthediscretionoftheconsumer. Storageandhandlingconditionswillaffectwhetherandwhenanitemwillspoil,sothereisinherentvariabilityindating.[2][3] Arbitraryexpirationdatesarealsocommonlyappliedbycompaniestoproductcoupons,promotionaloffersandcreditcards.Inthesecontexts,theexpirationdateischosenforbusinessreasonsortoprovidesomesecurityfunctionratherthananyproductsafetyconcern. ExpirationdateisoftenabbreviatedEXPorED. Contents 1Terms 1.1Useby 1.2Bestbefore 1.3Opendating 2Bycountry 2.1Europe 2.2GreatBritain 2.3Canada 2.4UnitedStates 3Furtherreading 4References Terms[edit] Useby[edit] AfoilmilkbottletopfromtheUKdisplaysausebydateof26Decemberpressedintothefoiltoindicatethatthefoodmayspoilandbeunsafeafterthatdate. Generally,foodsthathaveausebydatewrittenonthepackagingshouldnotbeeatenafterthespecifieddate.Thistermisgenerallyappliedtofoodsthatmaygobadduetophysicalinstability,chemicalspoilage,bacterialspoilage,pathogenicspoilage,orotherfactorsthatcanmakethefoodinjurioustohealth.Milk,meat,fishandeggsareallsubjecttospoilage.Suchfoodsshouldbethrownawayifpasttheirusebydateorifshowingsignsofdeteriorationsuchaschangesinsmellorcolor.Fruits,vegetables,breadsandotherbakedgoodscanalsospoil,butmaybelesslikelytobecomedangerous.Itisimportanttofollowstorageandpreparationinstructionscarefullyforperishablefoods.Someproductmayrequirerefrigeration.Othersmayneedtobecookedtoparticulartemperatures.[2] Bathroomproductsandtoiletriesusuallystateatimeinmonthsfromthedatetheproductisopened,bywhichtheyshouldbeused.Thisisoftenindicatedbyagraphicofanopentub,withthenumberofmonthswritteninside(e.g.,"12M"meansusetheproductwithin12monthsofopening).[4]Similarly,somefoodproductssay"eatwithinXdaysofopening". Bestbefore[edit] AtagsealingabagofhotdogbunsdisplaysabestbeforedateofFebruary29. Bestbeforeorbestbydatesappearonawiderangeoffrozen,dried,tinnedandotherfoods.Thesedatesareadvisoryandrefertothequalityoftheproduct,incontrastwithusebydates,whichmayindicatethattheproductmaynolongerbesafetoconsumeafterthespecifieddate.[5]Foodkeptafterthebestbeforedatewillnotnecessarilybeharmful,butmaybegintoloseitsoptimumflavourandtexture. Eggscanbeaspecialcase,sincetheymaycontainsalmonellawhichmultipliesovertime;theyshouldthereforebeeatenbeforethebestbeforedate.InBritain,thisis21daysfromwhentheywerelaid.[6]IntheUSA,thisisamaximumof45daysaftertheeggsarepacked.[7]Qualityoftheeggswilldegradeovertime,duetoavarietyoffactors.Asaresult,someprefertousefreshereggsforeatingandeggsafewdaysoldforcooking.[8] Sometimesthepackagingprocessinvolvesusingpre-printedlabels,makingitimpracticaltowritethebestbeforedateinaclearlyvisiblelocation.Inthiscase,wordinglikebestbeforeseebottomorbestbeforeseelidmightbeprintedonthelabelandthedatemarkedinadifferentlocationasindicated. Opendating[edit] Opendatingistheuseofadatestampedonthepackageofafoodproducttohelpdeterminehowlongtodisplaytheproductforsale.Thisbenefitstheconsumerbyensuringthattheproductisofbestqualitywhensold.Anopendatedoesnotsupersedeause-bydate,ifshown,whichshouldstillbefollowed.[9] Bycountry[edit] Europe[edit] Asof2020,theEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthorityoutlinedarisk‐basedapproachforfoodbusinessoperators(FBO)touseindecidingthetypeofdatemarkingtobeusedondifferenttypesofproducts,(i.e.‘bestbefore’dateor‘useby’date),determiningadesirableshelf‐life(i.e.time)andidentifyingrelevantcontenttobeputonfoodlabelstoensurefoodsafety.[10] GreatBritain[edit] GreatBritainhasestablishedlegislationforFoodInformationRegulations.Bestpracticesincludethelabelingoffoodswitheithera‘bestbefore’ora‘useby’datesothatconsumerscanhelptoensurethesafetyoftheirfoodandlessentheamountofconsumerfoodwaste.[11][12] Canada[edit] Anexpirationdateonfooddiffersfromabest-beforedate.AccordingtotheCanadianFoodInspectionAgency"Expirationdatesarerequiredonlyoncertainfoodsthathavestrictcompositionalandnutritionalspecificationswhichmightnotbemetaftertheexpirationdate." InCanadaexpirationdatesmustbeusedonthefollowingfooditems(listandcommentscopiedfrom CFIAwebsite): formulatedliquiddiets(nutritionallycompletedietsforpeopleusingoralortubefeedingmethods) foodsrepresentedforuseinaverylow-energydiet(foodssoldonlybyapharmacistandonlywithawrittenorderfromaphysician) mealreplacements(formulatedfoodthat,byitself,canreplaceoneormoredailymeals) nutritionalsupplements(foodsoldorrepresentedasasupplementtoadietthatmaybeinadequateinenergyandessentialnutrients) humanmilksubstitutes(infantformula) Theconcernisthataftertheexpirationdatehaspassed,thefoodmaynothavethesamenutrientcontentasspecifiedonthepackagingandforthelistedregulatedproducts,thenutritionalcontentisquiteimportant.TheCFIArecommendsthatfoodshouldbediscardedandshouldnotbebought,soldoreatenbeyondthestatedexpirationdate.Thiscontrastswithabestbeforedatewhichisanindicationofhowlongproperlystoredprepackagedfoodisexpectedtoretainits"freshness,taste,nutritionalvalue,oranyotherqualitiesclaimedbythemanufacturer."Passingabestbeforedateisnotnecessarilyareasontodiscardthefood."Sellby"and"manufacturedon"datesarerelatedconceptsthatmayguidetheconsumer.[13] Non-fooditemsmayalsocarryanexpirationdate.Forexample,inCanada,allchildrenarerequiredtobesecuredinaninfantcarseatwhileinamotorvehiclethatisinmotion.Usersarerequiredbylawtofollowmanufacturer'sdirections.Thereisnospecificlawthatrequiresanexpirationdate,butallTransportCanadaapprovedcarseatssoldinCanadacarryamanufacturerappliedexpirationdatethatrangesbetween6and9yearsfromdateofmanufacture.Therationaleisthatcarseatsaresubjectedtoheat,cold,sunexposure,abusebythechildren,andlongtermstoragebetweenchildren,allofwhichcandegradethestructureandfunctionofthecarseatandfailinacrash.Further,beyondtheexpirationdatethemanufacturerwillnolongerbemonitoringthesafetyoftheseatthroughtesting.TransportCanadaadvisestodestroyanexpiredcarseatanddisposeofitatalandfillorrecyclingfacility,andnevertogiveanexpiredseattosomeoneelseortocharity.[14][15] UnitedStates[edit] TheFoodandDrugAdministrationintheUnitedStatesnotesthat"[a]principleofU.S.foodlawisthatfoodsinU.S.commercemustbewholesomeandfitforconsumption".[16]However,withtheexceptionofinfantformula,theUnitedStatesgovernmentdoesnotrequireorspecifyuniformterminologyforuseonfoodlabels,theuseofdatelabelingisentirelyatthediscretionofthemanufacturer,anddatesonlabelsdonotindicateproductsafety.U.S.lawdoesstatethatlabelsshouldbetruthfulandnotmisleading.SpecificfoodsmaybesubjecttoregulationsfromtheFoodSafetyandInspectionService.[17] Withtheexceptionofinfantformula,thelawsthattheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)administersdonotprecludethesaleoffoodthatispasttheexpirationdateindicatedonthelabel.FDAdoesnotrequirefoodfirmstoplaceexpiredby,usebyorbestbeforedatesonfoodproducts.Thisinformationisentirelyatthediscretionofthemanufacturer. MostU.S.expirationdatesareusedasguidelinesbasedonnormalandexpectedhandlingandexposuretotemperature.Usepriortotheexpirationdatedoesnotguaranteethesafetyofafoodordrug,andaproductisnotnecessarilydangerousorineffectiveaftertheexpirationdate.[18]AccordingtotheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture,"cannedfoodsaresafeindefinitelyaslongastheyarenotexposedtofreezingtemperatures,ortemperaturesabove90°F(32.2°C).Ifthecanslookokay,theyaresafetouse.Discardcansthataredented,rusted,orswollen.High-acidcannedfoods(tomatoes,fruits)willkeeptheirbestqualityfor12to18months;low-acidcannedfoods(meats,vegetables)for2to5years".80 °F(27 °C).[9] "Sellbydate"isalessambiguoustermforwhatisoftenreferredtoasan"expirationdate".Mostfoodisstilledibleaftertheexpirationdate.[19]Aproductthathaspasseditsshelflifemightstillbesafe,butqualityisnolongerguaranteed.Inmostfoodstores,wasteisminimizedbyusingstockrotation,whichinvolvesmovingproductswiththeearliestsellbydatefromthewarehousetothesalesarea,andthentothefrontoftheshelf,sothatmostshopperswillpickthemupfirstandthustheyarelikelytobesoldbeforetheendoftheirshelflife.Thisisimportant,asconsumersenjoyfreshergoods,andfurthermoresomestorescanbefinedforsellingoutofdateproducts;mostifnotallwouldhavetomarksuchproductsdownaswasted,resultinginafinancialloss. Theexpirationdateofpharmaceuticalsspecifiesthedatethemanufacturerguaranteesthefullpotencyandsafetyofadrug.Mostmedicationscontinuetobeeffectiveandsafeforatimeaftertheexpirationdate.Arareexceptionisacaseofrenaltubularacidosispurportedlycausedbyexpiredtetracycline.[20]AstudyconductedbytheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationcoveredover100drugs,prescriptionandover-the-counter.Thestudyshowedthatabout90%ofthemweresafeandeffectiveaslongas15yearspasttheirexpirationdates.JoelDavis,aformerFDAexpiration-datecompliancechief,saidthatwithahandfulofexceptions-notablynitroglycerin,insulinandsomeliquidantibiotics-mostexpireddrugsareprobablyeffective.[21] Furtherreading[edit] Europe Koutsoumanis,Konstantinos;Allende,Ana;Alvarez‐Ordóñez,Avelino;Bolton,Declan;Bover‐Cid,Sara;Chemaly,Marianne;Davies,Robert;DeCesare,Alessandra;Herman,Lieve;Nauta,Maarten;Peixe,Luisa;Ru,Giuseppe;Simmons,Marion;Skandamis,Panagiotis;Suffredini,Elisabetta;Jacxsens,Liesbeth;Skjerdal,Taran;DaSilvaFelicio,MariaTeresa;Hempen,Michaela;Messens,Winy;Lindqvist,Roland(December2020)."Guidanceondatemarkingandrelatedfoodinformation:part1(datemarking)".EFSAJournal.18(12).doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6306.hdl:20.500.12327/1218. UnitedStates "NewGuidelinesSeektoProvideClarityonFoodExpirationDates".AllThingsConsidered.U.S.:NPR.17February2017.IncludesalistofthemanytermsusedintheUnitedStatesfoodindustry. Labuza,T.P.,Szybist,L.,OpendatingofFoods,FoodandNutritionPress,2001;otheredition:Wiley-Blackwell,2004,ISBN 0-917678-53-2 References[edit] ^"Haveyoucheckedtheexpirationdateonyourchild'scarseat?-TheGlobeandMail".20April2011. ^abSteele,R.(2004).Understandingandmeasuringtheshelf-lifeoffood(PDF).Cambridge,England:WoodheadPublishingLimited.Retrieved3September2021. ^Taormina,PeterJ.(2021).FoodSafetyandQuality-BasedShelfLifeofPerishableFoods.SpringerNature.ISBN 978-3-030-54375-4. ^Orus,Pilar;SoniaLeranoz(June2005)."Currenttrendsincosmeticmicrobiology".InternationalMicrobiology.8(2).Retrieved6April2011. ^FoodStandardsAgency-Eatwell,bewell-Bestbefore ^"Foodlabellingterms".NationalHealthService.Retrieved3September2021. ^"ShellEggsfromFarmtoTable".FoodSafetyandInspectionService.UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture.2011-04-20.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2013-01-26.Retrieved2012-09-08. ^"Eggqualityandsafety".CSIRO.Retrieved3September2021. ^ab"Food_Product_Dating".Retrieved2015-04-24. ^Koutsoumanis,Konstantinos;Allende,Ana;Alvarez‐Ordóñez,Avelino;Bolton,Declan;Bover‐Cid,Sara;Chemaly,Marianne;Davies,Robert;DeCesare,Alessandra;Herman,Lieve;Nauta,Maarten;Peixe,Luisa;Ru,Giuseppe;Simmons,Marion;Skandamis,Panagiotis;Suffredini,Elisabetta;Jacxsens,Liesbeth;Skjerdal,Taran;DaSilvaFelicio,MariaTeresa;Hempen,Michaela;Messens,Winy;Lindqvist,Roland(December2020)."Guidanceondatemarkingandrelatedfoodinformation:part1(datemarking)".EFSAJournal.18(12).doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6306.hdl:20.500.12327/1218.Retrieved3September2021. ^"PackagingandlabellingLegalrequirementsthatyouhavetofollowasafoodbusiness".FoodStandardsAgency.Gov.UK.Retrieved3September2021. ^"Fooddatelabelling".WRAP.Retrieved3September2021. ^"DateLabellingonPre-packagedFoods".www.inspection.gc.ca.GovernmentofCanada,CanadianFoodInspectionAgency,PublicAffairs. ^"Haveyoucheckedtheexpirationdateonyourchild'scarseat?".20April2011. ^"WhyDoCarSeatsExpire?AndHowLongisMineGoodFor?".TheGlobeandMail. ^"FDABasics-Didyouknowthatastorecansellfoodpasttheexpirationdate?".www.fda.gov.CenterforFoodSafetyandAppliedNutrition. ^"FoodProductDating".FoodSafetyandInspectionService.Retrieved3September2021. ^Flynn,Dan(25Mar2015)."LetterFromtheEditor:WhenDoesFoodExpire?".FoodSafetyNews.MarlerClark.Retrieved30May2017. ^See"Expirationdates".ConsumerAffairs.Retrieved11November2011. ^Pomerantz,JM."Recyclingexpensivemedication:whynot?".MedGenMed.6:4.PMC 1395800.PMID 15266231. ^Cohen,LaurieP.(2000-03-28)."ManyMedicinesProvePotentforYearsPastTheirExpirationDates".WallStreetJournal.235(62).pp. A1(coverstory). 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