Recycling symbol - Wikipedia

The universal recycling symbol is internationally recognized for symbol for recycling activity. The symbol's creation originates on the first Earth Day in ... Recyclingsymbol FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Symbolusedtodesignaterecyclablematerials Thisarticleincludesalistofgeneralreferences,butitlackssufficientcorrespondinginlinecitations.Pleasehelptoimprovethisarticlebyintroducingmoreprecisecitations.(April2009)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Thisarticle'sleadsectionmaybetooshorttoadequatelysummarizethekeypoints.Pleaseconsiderexpandingtheleadtoprovideanaccessibleoverviewofallimportantaspectsofthearticle.(August2018) Thisarticlecontainsspecialcharacters.Withoutproperrenderingsupport,youmayseequestionmarks,boxes,orothersymbols. TheUniversalRecyclingSymbol,hererenderedwithablackoutlineandgreenfill.Bothfilledandoutlineversionsofthesymbolareinuse. Theuniversalrecyclingsymbol(U+2672♲UNIVERSALRECYCLINGSYMBOLorU+267B♻BLACKUNIVERSALRECYCLINGSYMBOLinUnicode)isinternationallyrecognizedforsymbolforrecyclingactivity.Thesymbol'screationoriginatesonthefirstEarthDayin1970,wherethelogodepictedisaMöbiusstrip.Thepublicdomainstatusofthesymbolhasbeenchallengedbefore,butattemptshavebeenunsuccessful.Manyvariationsonthelogohadbeencreatedsinceitscreation. Contents 1History 2Variants 3Resinidentificationcode 4Othervariants 5Seealso 6References 7Furtherreading 8Externallinks History[edit] WorldwideattentiontoenvironmentalissuesledtothefirstEarthDayin1970.[1]ContainerCorporationofAmerica,alargeproducerofrecycledpaperboard,sponsoredacontestforartanddesignstudentsathighschoolsandcollegesacrossthecountrytoraiseawarenessofenvironmentalissues.ItwaswonbyGaryAnderson,thena23-year-oldcollegestudentattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,whoseentrywastheimagenowknownastheuniversalrecyclingsymbol.[2]Thesymbolisnottrademarkedandisinthepublicdomain.[2]Thepublic-domainstatusofthesymbolhasbeenchallenged,butthischallengewasunsuccessfulowingtothewideuseofthesymbol.However,theuniversalsymbolmayhavebeeninspiredbysimilarexistingatthetimerecyclingsymbols,suchasonefeaturingtwoarrowschasingeachotherinacirclethatVolkswagenstampedintheearly1960sintosomeautomobilepartsitremanufactured[citationneeded]. Variants[edit] Therecyclingsymbolisinthepublicdomain,andisnotatrademark.TheContainerCorporationofAmericaoriginallyappliedforatrademarkonthedesign,buttheapplicationwaschallenged,andthecorporationdecidedtoabandontheclaim.[2]Assuch,anyonemayuseormodifytherecyclingsymbol,royalty-free. Thoughuseofthesymbolisregulatedbylawinsomecountries,[3]countlessvariantsofitexistworldwide.Anderson'soriginalproposalhadthearrowsformatrianglestandingonitstip—upsidedowncomparedwiththeversionsmostcommonlyseentoday—buttheCCA,inadoptingAnderson'sdesign,rotatedit60°tostandonitsbaseinstead.[2] BothAnderson'sproposalandCCA'sdesignsformaMöbiusstripwithonehalf-twistbyhavingtwoofthearrowsfoldovereachother,andonefoldunder,therebycancelingoutoneoftheotherfolds.However,mostvariantsofthesymbolusedtodayhaveallthearrowsfoldingoverthemselves,producingaMöbiusstripwiththreehalf-twists.Existingsinglehalf-twistvariantsofthelogodonotgenerallyagreeonwhichofthearrowsistheonetofoldunderneath.Thelogoisusuallydisplayedwiththearrowscirculatingclockwise,buttheunderlyingMöbiusstripexistsintwotopologicallydistinctmirror-imageformsofoppositehandedness. TheAmericanPaperInstituteoriginallypromotedfourdifferentvariantsoftherecyclingsymbolfordifferentpurposes.TheplainMöbiusloop,eitherwhitewithanoutlineorsolidblack,wastobeusedtoindicatethataproductwasrecyclable.TheothertwovariantshadtheMöbiusloopinsideacircle—eitherwhiteonblackorblackonwhite—andweremeantforproductsmadeofrecycledmaterials,withthewhite-on-blackversiontobeusedfor100%recycledfiber,andtheblack-on-whiteversionforproductscontainingbothrecycledandunrecycledfiber.[2]Forexample,apaperenvelopemighthaveboththefirstandlastofthesefoursymbols,toindicatethatitwasrecyclable,andmadefrombothrecycledandunrecycledfibers. Inadditiontotheresinidentificationcodes1–7inthetriangularrecyclingsymbol,Unicodeliststhefollowingrecyclingsymbols: U+2672♲UNIVERSALRECYCLINGSYMBOL U+267A♺RECYCLINGSYMBOLFORGENERICMATERIALS U+267B♻BLACKUNIVERSALRECYCLINGSYMBOL U+267C♼RECYCLEDPAPERSYMBOL(indicatesproductcontainsrecycledpaper) U+267D♽PARTIALLY-RECYCLEDPAPERSYMBOL(indicatesproductcontainspartiallyrecycledpaper) U+267E♾PERMANENTPAPERSIGN(e.g.foracid-freepaper) AnISO/IECworkinggrouphasresearchedanddocumentedsomeofthevariationsoftherecyclinglogocurrently[when?]inuse,andhasmaderecommendationsforaddingsomemoreofthemtotheUnicodestandard.[4] Withtherapidexpansionofmaterialsconvertedtoprinterfilamentfor3-Dprintingusingrecyclebottechnology,alargeexpansionofresinidentificationcodeshasbeenproposed.[5] Resinidentificationcode[edit] Mainarticle:Recyclingcodes In1988,theAmericanSocietyofthePlasticsIndustry(SPI)developedtheresinidentificationcodewhichisusedtoindicatethepredominantplasticmaterialusedinthemanufactureoftheproductorpackaging.Theirpurposeistoassistrecyclerswithsortingthecollectedmaterials,buttheydonotnecessarilymeanthattheproduct/packagingcanberecycledeitherthroughdomesticcurbsidecollectionorindustrialcollections.TheSPIsymbolsarelooselybasedontheMöbiusloopsymbol,butfeaturesimplerbent(ratherthanfoldedover)arrowsthatcanbeembossedonplasticsurfaceswithoutlossofdetail.Thearrowsareformedintoaflat,two-dimensionaltriangleratherthanthepseudo-three-dimensionaltriangleusedintheoriginalrecyclinglogo. ThedifferentresinidentificationcodescanberepresentedbyUnicodeicons♳(U+2673),♴(U+2674),♵(U+2675),♶(U+2676),♷(U+2677),♸(U+2678),♹(U+2679),and♺(U+267A). Recyclingcodesextendthesenumbersabove7toincludevariousnon-plasticmaterials,includingmetals,glass,paper,andbatteriesofvarioustypes. Othervariants[edit] Taiwan'srecyclingsymbolfeaturestheuseofnegativespacetoalsocreatearrowspointingoutward ♾,aninfinitysign(∞)insideacircle,representsthepermanentpapersymbol,usedinpackagingandpublishingtosignifytheuseofdurableacid-freepaper.Insomeways,thislogoexpressestheoppositeintentionfromtherecyclelogo,inthattheacid-freepaperisintendedtolastindefinitely,ratherthanbeingrecycled.Nevertheless,acid-freepaperdoesnotusuallycontaintoxicmaterials(althoughcertaininksdo),soitiseasilyrecycledorcomposted. Asatiricalversionoftheclassicrecyclinglogoalsoexists,inwhichthethreearrowsaretwistedfromacircularpatterntopointingradiallyoutward,thussymbolizingwastefulone-timeusageratherthanenvironmentallyfriendlyrecycling.Thismessageisreinforcedbythecircularinscription,"THISPROJECTWASENVIRONMENTALLYUNFRIENDLY",surroundingthemodifiedlogo.Thesatiricallogoappearsinthe1998catalogofaninstallationartworkinBayonne,NewJersey,inwhichtheartistStevenPippinmodifiedarowofglass-dooredwashingmachinesinalaundromattooperateasgiantcameras.ThecameraswereusedtotakesequentialphotographsinthemannerofpioneeringstopmotionphotographerEadweardMuybridge.Thefront-loadingwashingmachineswerethenusedtodevelopandprocessthe24 inch(61 cm)diametercircularfilmnegatives.[6] Seealso[edit] GreenDotsymbol Listofinternationalcommonstandards Japaneserecyclingsymbols References[edit] ^West,Larry."TheHistoryandImportanceofEarthDay".LiveAbout.Retrieved2020-04-05. ^abcdeJones,Penny;JerryPowell(May1999)."GaryAndersonhasbeenfound!"(PDF).ResourceRecycling:NorthAmerica'sRecyclingandCompostingJournal:1–2.Retrieved2011-05-26. ^"RulesGoverningUseofRecyclingLogo".RecyclingExpert[website].recyclingexpert.co.uk.Retrieved2011-05-16. ^Everson,Michael;Freytag,Asmus."BackgroundinformationonRecyclingSymbols"(PDF).ISO/IECJTC1/SC2/WG2N2342.ISO/IEC.Retrieved2011-05-26. ^EmilyJ.Hunt,ChenlongZhang,NickAnzalone,JoshuaM.Pearce,Polymerrecyclingcodesfordistributedmanufacturingwith3-Dprinters,Resources,ConservationandRecycling,97,pp.24–30(2015).openaccess ^Pippin,StevenJohn;SanFranciscoMuseumofModernArt(1998).Laundromatlocomotion :Mr.Pippin :[ontheoccasionoftheExhibitionLaundromatLocomotion](Softcover).[Amsterdam ;Dresden]:VerlagderKunst.ISBN 978-90-5705-094-7. Furtherreading[edit] Jones,Penny;Powell,Jerry."GaryAndersonhasbeenfound!".ResourceRecycling:NorthAmerica'sRecyclingandCompostingJournal,May1999. Everson,Michael;Freytag,Asmus(2001-04-02)."BackgroundinformationonRecyclingSymbols"(PDF),ISO/IECWorkingGroupDocumentN2342 44RecycleLogosandSymbols Externallinks[edit] MediarelatedtoRecyclingsymbols(3arrows-folded)atWikimediaCommons Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Recycling_symbol&oldid=1085996147" Categories:CertificationmarksConsumersymbolsRecyclingSymbolsintroducedin1970Hiddencategories:ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionmatchesWikidataArticleslackingin-textcitationsfromApril2009Allarticleslackingin-textcitationsWikipediaintroductioncleanupfromAugust2018AllpagesneedingcleanupArticlescoveredbyWikiProjectWikifyfromAugust2018AllarticlescoveredbyWikiProjectWikifyAllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromSeptember2018AllarticleswithvagueorambiguoustimeVagueorambiguoustimefromJune2012CommonscategorylinkisonWikidata Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages العربيةAsturianuБългарскиEspañolفارسیFrançaisItalianoעברית日本語PortuguêsSimpleEnglishSlovenčinaไทย中文 Editlinks