Prallethrin - Wikipedia

Prallethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide. Prallethrin 1.6% w/w liquid vaporizer is a repellent insecticide which is generally used for the control of ... Prallethrin FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Prallethrin Names IUPACname 2-methyl-4-oxo-3-prop-2-yn-1-ylcyclopent-2-en-1-yl-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylate Identifiers CASNumber 23031-36-9 Y 3Dmodel(JSmol) Interactiveimage ChEBI CHEBI:39391 Y ChemSpider 8015024 Y ECHAInfoCard 100.041.246 KEGG C18510 Y PubChemCID 9839306 UNII 2X67A9B2Z7 Y CompToxDashboard(EPA) DTXSID0032572 InChI InChI=1S/C19H24O3/c1-7-8-13-12(4)16(10-15(13)20)22-18(21)17-14(9-11(2)3)19(17,5)6/h1,9,14,16-17H,8,10H2,2-6H3 YKey: SMKRKQBMYOFFMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N YInChI=1/C19H24O3/c1-7-8-13-12(4)16(10-15(13)20)22-18(21)17-14(9-11(2)3)19(17,5)6/h1,9,14,16-17H,8,10H2,2-6H3Key: SMKRKQBMYOFFMU-UHFFFAOYAR SMILES O=C2\C(=C(\C)C(OC(=O)C1C(/C=C(/C)C)C1(C)C)C2)CC#C Properties Chemicalformula C19H24O3 Molarmass 300.40g/mol Exceptwhereotherwisenoted,dataaregivenformaterialsintheirstandardstate(at25 °C[77 °F],100 kPa). Y verify (whatis YN ?) Infoboxreferences Chemicalcompound Prallethrinisapyrethroidinsecticide.Prallethrin1.6%w/wliquidvaporizerisarepellentinsecticidewhichisgenerallyusedforthecontrolofmosquitoesinthehousehold. Contents 1Products 2Environmentaleffects 3References 4Externallinks Products[edit] ItismarketedasamosquitorepellentbyGodrejas"GoodKnightSilverPower",SCJohnsonas"AllOut"andSouthernLabsas"QuitMozz"inIndia.Itisalsotheprimaryinsecticideincertainproductsforkillingwaspsandhornets,includingtheirnests.Itisthemainingredientintheconsumerproduct"HotShotAnt&RoachPlusGermKiller"spray.[1] Environmentaleffects[edit] TheWorldHealthOrganizationpublishedin2004that"Prallethrinisoflowmammaliantoxicity,withnoevidenceofcarcinogenicity"and"isverytoxictobeesandfishbutoflowtoxicitytobirds."[2] Prallethrinisamemberofthepyrethroidclassofinsecticides.Pyrethroidshavehistoricallybeenclassifiedintotwogroups,TypeIandTypeII,baseduponchemicalstructureandneurotoxicologicaleffect.TypeIpyrethroidslackanalpha-cyanomoietyandinduceasyndromeconsistingofaggressivesparring,alteredsensitivitytoexternalstimuli,andfinetremorprogressingtowhole-bodytremorandprostrationinrats.TheseTypeIpyrethroid-specificbehaviorsarecollectivelydescribedastheT-syndrome.TypeIIpyrethroidscontainanalpha-cyanomoietyandproduceasyndromethatincludespawing,burrowing,salivation,andcoarsetremorsleadingtochoreoathetosisinrats.TheseTypeIIpyrethroid-specificbehaviorsarecollectivelydescribedastheCS-syndrome(VerschoyleandAldridge1980;LawrenceandCasida1982).PrallethrinisstructurallysimilartoTypeIpyrethroids.Theadverseoutcomepathway(AOP)sharedbypyrethroidsinvolvestheabilitytointeractwithvoltage-gatedsodiumchannels(VGSCs)inthecentralandperipheralnervoussystem,leadingtochangesinneuronfiring,andultimatelyneurotoxicity.[3] Prallethrinhasbeenevaluatedforavarietyoftoxiceffectsinexperimentaltoxicitystudies.Neurotoxicitywasobservedthroughoutthedatabaseandisthemostsensitiveendpoint.Effectswereseenacrossspecies,sexes,androutesofadministration.Intheacuteratneurotoxicitystudy,decreasedexploratorybehaviorwasseenatthetimeofpeakeffect.Reducedmotoractivityandtransienttremorswerealsoobservedinthestudy.Inthesubchronicratneurotoxicitystudy,ahigherarousalratewasobservedinanimalsatthehighestdosetested.Clinicalsignsofneurotoxicitywerealsoobservedinothertoxicitystudies(subchronicandchronicoralstudiesindogs,developmentaltoxicitystudiesintheratandrabbit,21-daydermaland28-dayinhalationstudiesinrats).Noneurotoxiceffectswereobservedinratsinthechronictoxicitystudy.[3] Effectswerealsoobservedintheliver(rats,mice,anddogs),heart(dogs),andthyroidgland(rats).Someeffectswerealsoseeninthekidney(miceandrats).However,neurotoxicitywasthemostsensitiveendpointinthetoxicologydatabase,andothereffectsweregenerallyseeninthepresenceofneurotoxicityand/orathigherdoses.Livereffectsobservedincludedincreasedweight,elevatedserumcholesterolandalkalinephosphataseactivity,centrilobularhepatocytevacuolation,histiocyticinfiltration,enlargedliver,andperilobularhepatocellularhypertrophy.Indogs,myocardialfiberdegenerationwasseeninfemalesinthesubchronicstudyatthehighestdosetested.Hearteffectswerealsoseeninonemid-dosefemaleinthechronicstudy(hemorrhageandreddiscoloration).However,therewasnodoseresponsefortheobservedheartlesionsinthestudy.Thyroideffectswereobservedinratsandconsistedofincreasesinthenumberofsmallfolliclesandfollicularcellhypertrophyandhyperplasia.Thethyroideffectswereseeninshort-termstudiesinthepresenceoflivereffects.Kidneyeffectsobservedwereincreasedweightsandhistopathology.[3] Developmentalandreproductionstudiesareavailableforprallethrin.Therewasnoevidenceofincreasedquantitativeorqualitativesusceptibilityinanyofthestudies.Inthedevelopmentalstudies,notoxiceffectswerenotedinfetusesuptothehighestdosestested.Maternaleffectsinthestudiesincludedtremors,salivation,exaggeratedreflexes,andchromorhinorrhea(thedischargeofapigmentedsecretionfromthenose).[4]Inthereproductionstudy,decreasedpupbodyweightswereseenduringthelactationperiod.Effectsseeninparentalanimalsweredecreasedbodyweightsandbodyweightgains,increasedliverweightsandmicroscopicfindingsintheliver,kidney,thyroid,andpituitary.[3] Prallethrinisclassifiedas“NotLikelytobeCarcinogenictoHumans.”Notumorswereobservedinratandmousecarcinogenicitystudiesuptothehighestdosestested.Inboththeratandmousestudies,theanimalscouldhavetoleratedhigherdoselevels;however,EPAdeterminedthatdoselevelswereadequatetoassesspotentialcarcinogenicity.[3] Prallethrintestednegativeinthemajorityofthegenotoxicitystudies.ItalsotestednegativeinaninvitrochromosomalaberrationstudyinChineseHamsterOvary(CHOK1)cellswithoutmetabolicactivation,buttestedpositiveatalldoseswithmetabolicactivation.However,clastogenicitywasnotclearlydose-related,wasseenatnontoxicandslightlytoxicdoses,andwasnotexpressedininvivostudiesandstructure-activitycomparisonswiththeotherpyrethroidsrevealednocorrelationswithclastogenicity.Othergenemutation,chromosomalaberration,andunscheduledDNAsynthesis(UDS)studieswerenegative;therefore,thereisnoconcernforgenotoxicity.[3] Acutelethalitystudiesconductedwithprallethrinindicatemoderateacutetoxicityviatheoralandinhalationroutesofadministration(CategoryII)andlowacutetoxicityviathedermalroute(CategoriesIV).Itisnotirritatingtotheskin(CategoryIV)butisminimallyirritatingtotheeye(CategoryIV).Itisnotadermalsensitizer.Theweightofevidencefromtheavailableguideline,non-guideline,mechanismofaction,andpharmacokineticsstudiessupportscharacterizingthetoxicologicalprofileofpyrethroids,includingprallethrin,asbeingrapidinonsetandassociatedwithacute,peakexposures.Also,thereisnoapparentincreaseinhazardfromrepeated/chronicexposurestoprallethrin.[3] References[edit] ^ "Over-the-CounterInsecticidesforHome,YardandGardenUse2012Survey,FortCollins,Colorado"(PDF).colostat.edu.ColoradoStateUniversity.2012.RetrievedMay1,2015. ^ "WHOspecificationsandevaluationsforpublichealthpesticides-Prallethrin"(PDF).who.int.WorldHealthOrganization.November2004.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on2016-07-05.RetrievedApril30,2015. ^abcdefg"Prallethrin;PesticideTolerances".NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration.2014.Thisarticleincorporatestextfromthissource,whichisinthepublicdomain. ^Danner,HoraceG.(2013).AThesaurusofMedicalWordRoots.p. 92. Externallinks[edit] PrallethrininthePesticidePropertiesDataBase(PPDB) vtePestcontrol:InsecticidesCarbamates Aldicarb Aminocarb Bendiocarb Butocarboxim Carbaryl Carbofuran Carbosulfan m-Cumenylmethylcarbamate Ethienocarb Fenobucarb Isoprocarb Methomyl Metolcarb Oxamyl Promecarb Propoxur Inorganiccompounds Aluminiumphosphide Boricacid Chromatedcopperarsenate Copper(II)arsenate Copper(I)cyanide Cryolite Diatomaceousearth Leadhydrogenarsenate ParisGreen Scheele'sGreen Insectgrowthregulators Benzoylureas Diflubenzuron Flufenoxuron Hydroprene Lufenuron Methoprene Pyriproxyfen Neonicotinoids Acetamiprid Clothianidin Dinotefuran Imidacloprid Nitenpyram Nithiazine Thiacloprid Thiamethoxam Organochlorides Aldrin Beta-HCH Carbontetrachloride Chlordane Cyclodiene 1,2-DCB 1,4-DCB 1,1-DCE 1,2-DCE DDD DDE DDT DFDT Dicofol Dieldrin Endosulfan Endrin Heptachlor Kepone Lindane Methoxychlor Mirex Tetradifon Toxaphene Organophosphorus Acephate Azamethiphos Azinphos-methyl Bensulide Chlorethoxyfos Chlorfenvinphos Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos-methyl Coumaphos Demeton-S-methyl Diazinon Dichlorvos Dicrotophos Diisopropylfluorophosphate Dimefox Dimethoate Dioxathion Disulfoton Ethion Ethoprop Fenamiphos Fenitrothion Fenthion Fosthiazate Isoxathion Malathion Methamidophos Methidathion Mevinphos Mipafox Monocrotophos Naled Omethoate Oxydemeton-methyl Parathion Parathion-methyl Phenthoate Phorate Phosalone Phosmet Phoxim Pirimiphos-methyl Quinalphos R-16661 Schradan Temefos Tebupirimfos Terbufos Tetrachlorvinphos Tribufos Trichlorfon Pyrethroids Acrinathrin Allethrins Bifenthrin Bioallethrin Cyfluthrin Cyhalothrin Cypermethrin Cyphenothrin Deltamethrin Empenthrin Esfenvalerate Etofenprox Fenpropathrin Fenvalerate Flumethrin Fluvalinate Imiprothrin Metofluthrin Permethrin Phenothrin Prallethrin Pyrethrin(I,II;chrysanthemicacid) Pyrethrum Resmethrin Silafluofen Tefluthrin Tetramethrin Tralomethrin Transfluthrin Ryanoids Chlorantraniliprole Cyantraniliprole Flubendiamide Ryanodine Ryanodol Otherchemicals Afoxolaner Amitraz Azadirachtin Bensultap Buprofezin Cartap Chlordimeform Chlorfenapyr Cyromazine Fenazaquin Fenoxycarb Fipronil Fluralaner Hydramethylnon Indoxacarb Limonene Lotilaner(+milbemycinoxime) Pyridaben Pyriprole Sarolaner Sesamex Spinosad Sulfluramid Tebufenozide Tebufenpyrad Veracevine Xanthone Metaflumizone Metabolites Oxon Malaoxon Paraoxon TCPy Biopesticides Bacillusthuringiensis Baculovirus Beauveriabassiana Beauveriabrongniartii Isariafumosorosea Metarhiziumacridum Metarhiziumanisopliae Nomuraearileyi Lecanicilliumlecanii Paenibacilluspopilliae Purpureocilliumlilacinum Spinosad Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prallethrin&oldid=1083026626" Categories:AllethrinsAlkynederivativesHiddencategories:SourceattributionECHAInfoCardIDfromWikidataPagesusingcollapsiblelistwithbothbackgroundandtext-alignintitlestyleArticlescontainingunverifiedchemicalinfoboxesChemboximagesizesetArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidata Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages تۆرکجهČeštinaDeutschEspañolفارسیFrançaisPolskiРусскийСрпски/srpskiSrpskohrvatski/српскохрватскиSuomi Editlinks