溃疡性结肠炎- 症状与病因- 妙佑医疗国际

症状 · 腹泻，通常带血或脓液 · 腹痛和痉挛 · 直肠疼痛 · 直肠出血— 排便带少量血 · 排便冲动 · 有排便冲动但难以排出 · 体重减轻 · 疲劳 ... 2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）相关事实 关于COVID-19、COVID-19疫苗、妙佑医疗国际患者及访客的最新信息 Skiptositenavigation SkiptoContent 这部分内容没有英语版本。

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部分溃疡性结肠炎症状与病因诊断与治疗医生与科室在MayoClinic治疗 打印 概述 Whatisulcerativecolitis?AMayoClinicexpertexplains ListentogastroenterologistWilliamFaubion,M.D.,walkthroughulcerativecolitisbasics. 请参见副本供视频使用Whatisulcerativecolitis?AMayoClinicexpertexplains I'mDr.BillFaubion,agastroenterologistatMayoClinic.Inthisvideo,we'llcoverthebasicsofulcerativecolitis.Whatisit?Whogetsit?Thesymptoms,diagnosis,andtreatment.Whetheryou'relookingforanswersforyourselforsomeoneyoulove,we'reheretogiveyouthebestinformationavailable.Ulcerativecolitisisaninflammatoryboweldiseasethatcauseschronicinflammationandulcersinthesuperficialliningofthelargeintestine,alsocalledthecolon.Andthatincludestherectum.It'sestimatedthataboutamillionAmericansarelivingwithulcerativecolitis,makingitthemostcommonformofinflammatoryboweldisease.Itcanbepainfulanddebilitating,occasionallyleadingtoseverecomplications.Itcanalsobeemotionallystressful.Andwhilethereisnocure,onceyou'vebeendiagnosed,treatmentcanhelpyougetbacktoamuchmorenormalandcomfortablelife. Theexactcauseofulcerativecolitisisunknown,buttherearethingsthatappeartotriggeroraggravateit.Itmayinvolveanabnormalimmuneresponseagainstsomemicroorganisminwhichyourtissuesarealsoattacked.Geneticsmightalsoplayarole.Youareathigherriskifafirst-degreerelativehasit.There'salsoacorrelationwithage.Althoughitcanshowupatanystageoflife,mostpeoplearediagnosedbeforetheageof30.Andethnicityisariskfactor.Whiteshavethehighestrisk,especiallyamongpeopleofAshkenaziJewishdescent.Whiledietandstressdon'tcauseulcerativecolitis,theyareknowntoexacerbatesymptoms. Mostpeoplehavemildtomoderatecasesofulcerativecolitis.Althoughitcanbemoresevere,youmayalsoexperienceperiodsofremissionwhenyouhavenoissuesatall.Aperson'ssymptomsdependontheseverityofthecaseintheareaofthecolonthat'sinvolved.Theyusuallydevelopovertime,andtheycanincludediarrhea,oftenwithbloodorpus,fever,fatigue,anemia,lossofappetiteandweightloss,abdominalpainandcramping,rectalpainandbleeding,theneedforabowelmovement,yettheinabilitytodosodespitetheurgency.Andinchildren,delayedgrowthanddevelopment.Overtime,ulcerativecolitiscanleadtoothercomplications,suchasseveredehydration,aperforatedcolon,boneloss,inflammationofyourskin,jointsandeyes.Itcanalsoincreaseyourriskforbloodclotsandcoloncancer.Thesesymptomsdon'tautomaticallymeanthatyouhaveulcerativecolitis.Butifyou'reexperiencinganythingthatconcernsyou,it'sagoodideatomakeanappointmentwithyourdoctor. Theonlywaytodefinitivelydiagnoseulcerativecolitisiswithabiopsyaftertakingatissuesamplethroughanendoscopicprocedure.Butfirst,lessinvasivethingscanbedonetoruleoutothercauses.First,yourdoctorwillconsideryourmedicalhistory.Theymaywanttorunavarietyoftestsorprocedures.Andatsomepoint,yourgeneralpractitionermayreferyoutoaspecialistcalledagastroenterologistlikemyself.Abloodtestcancheckforanemiaandcheckforsignsofinfection.Astoolstudycantestforwhitebloodcellsandotherspecificproteinsthatpointtoulcerativecolitis,aswellasruleoutcertainpathogens.Acolonoscopymaybeneeded.Thisallowsyourdoctortoviewtheentiretyofthelargeintestineusinganendoscope,asmallcameramountedonathinflexibletube.Theycantaketissuesamplesforabiopsyatthesametime.Orifyourcolonisextremelyinflamed,theymaydoaflexiblesigmoidoscopy,whichonlygoesasfarastherectumandlowerorsigmoidcolon.Ifyoursymptomsaremoresevere,yourdoctormaywantsomeimagingdone.Anabdominalx-raycanruleoutseriouscomplications,likeaperforatedcolon.AnMRIorCTscancanalsobeperformedforamoredetailedviewofthebowel,aswellastorevealtheextentoftheinflammation. Althoughthereisnocureforulcerativecolitistherearewidelyeffectivetreatments,usuallyinvolvingeitherdrugtherapyorsurgery.Yourdoctorcanworkwithyoutofindthingsthatalleviateyoursymptomsandinsomecases,evenbringaboutlong-termremission.Treatmentsmayincludeanti-inflammatorydrugslikecorticosteroidsandimmunesystemsuppressants.Certaintargetedtherapiesdirectedagainsttheimmunesystemcalledbiologicscanhelp.Antidiarrheals,painrelievers,antispasmodicsandironsupplementscanhelpcounterothersymptoms.Andsurgerymayberequiredtoremovethedamagedtissue.Inextremecases,thewholecolonmayberemoved.Whichsoundsdrastic,butthiscansometimesbethebestoptionforeliminatingthepainandstruggleofulcerativecolitisonceandforall.Someofthesetherapiesmayhavesideeffectsthemselves.Sobesuretoreviewtherisksandbenefitswithyourdoctor. Ulcerativecolitiscanbephysicallyandemotionallychallenging,buttherearethingsthatcanhelp.Althoughthere'snofirmevidencethatanyfoodscauseulcerativecolitis,certainthingsseemtoaggravateflare-ups.Soafooddiarycanhelpyouidentifypersonaltriggers.Beyondthat,limitdairyproducts,eatsmallmeals,stayhydrated,trytoavoidcaffeineandalcoholandcarbonation.Ifyou'reconcernedaboutweightlossorifyourdiethasbecometoolimited,talktoaregistereddietitian.It'simportanttotakecareofyourmentalhealth,too.Findwaystomanagestress,likeexercise,breathingandrelaxationtechniquesorbiofeedback.Somesymptomslikeabdominalpain,gas,anddiarrheacancauseanxietyandfrustration.Thatcanmakeitdifficulttobeoutinpublicforanyamountoftime.Itcanfeellimitingandisolatingandleadtodepression.Solearnasmuchasyoucanaboutulcerativecolitis.Stayinginformedcanhelpalotinfeelinglikeyou'reincontrolofyourcondition.Talktoatherapist,especiallyonefamiliarwithinflammatoryboweldisease.Yourdoctorshouldbeabletogiveyousomerecommendations.Andyoumightwanttofindasupportgroupforpeoplegoingthroughthesamethingthatyouare.Ulcerativecolitisisacomplexdisease,buthavingexpertmedicalcareanddevelopingatreatmentstrategycanmakeitmoremanageableandevenhelppatientsgetbacktothefreedomofanormallife.Meanwhile,significantadvancescontinuetobemadeinunderstandingandtreatingthediseaseandgettingusclosertocuringitorpreventingitentirely.Ifyou'dliketolearnevenmoreaboutulcerativecolitis,watchourotherrelatedvideosorvisitmayoclinic.org.Wewishyouwell. 结肠和直肠 打开弹出式对话框 关闭 结肠和直肠 结肠和直肠 结肠是大肠的一部分，是腹腔内一个长管状器官。

结肠携带废物排出体外。

直肠构成大肠的最后几英寸。

胃肠病科和胃肠道外科博客 在“妙佑医疗国际网联社区”中与他人交流，关注克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎治疗的最新进展。

溃疡性结肠炎是一种炎性肠病(IBD)，可引起您的消化道发炎和溃疡（疮）。

溃疡性结肠炎会影响大肠（结肠）和直肠的最内膜。

症状通常是逐渐恶化，而不是突发。

溃疡性结肠炎会导致患者衰弱，有时会导致危及生命的并发症。

尽管尚无治愈方法，但治疗可以大大减轻疾病的体征和症状并可以长期缓解。

产品与服务书籍：《妙佑医疗国际消化系统健康》 症状发炎的严重程度和位置不同，溃疡性结肠炎的症状不同。

体征和症状可能包括： 腹泻，通常带血或脓液 腹痛和痉挛 直肠疼痛 直肠出血—排便带少量血 排便冲动 有排便冲动但难以排出 体重减轻 疲劳 发热 儿童会无法发育 多数溃疡性结肠炎患者具有轻度到中度症状。

溃疡性结肠炎的病程因人而异，有些人有很长的缓解期。

类型医生经常根据溃疡性结肠炎的位置对其进行分类。

溃疡性结肠炎的类型包括： 溃疡性直肠炎。

发炎仅限于最靠近肛门的区域（直肠），这种疾病的唯一症状可能是直肠出血。

直肠乙状结肠炎。

发炎涉及直肠和乙状结肠（结肠的下端）。

体征和症状包括血性腹泻、腹部痉挛和疼痛，以及有大便欲但无法排便（里急后重）。

左侧结肠炎。

发炎从直肠一直延伸到乙状结肠和降结肠。

体征和症状包括血性腹泻、腹部痉挛和左侧疼痛以及急迫便意。

胰腺炎。

这种类型通常会影响整个结肠，并可能导致严重的血性腹泻、腹部痉挛和疼痛、疲劳以及体重减轻。

何时就诊如果您的排便习惯持续发生变化或出现如下体征和症状，请就诊： 腹痛 便血 非处方药对其无效的持续性腹泻 会将您从睡梦中唤醒的腹泻 持续一两天以上的不明原因发热 尽管溃疡性结肠炎通常不会致命，但它是一种严重的疾病，在某些情况下可能会导致危及生命的并发症。

  Thereisaproblemwith informationsubmittedforthisrequest.Review/updatethe informationhighlightedbelowandresubmittheform. GetthelatesthealthinformationfromMayoClinicdeliveredtoyourinbox. Subscribeforfreeandreceiveyourin-depthguideto digestivehealth,plusthelatestonhealthinnovationsandnews.Youcanunsubscribeatany time. Emailaddress ErrorEmailfieldisrequired ErrorIncludeavalidemailaddress FirstName(letusknowyourpreferredname) LastName Subscribe LearnmoreaboutMayoClinic’suseofdata. Toprovideyouwiththemostrelevantandhelpfulinformation,andunderstandwhich informationisbeneficial,wemaycombineyouremailandwebsiteusageinformationwith otherinformationwehaveaboutyou.IfyouareaMayoClinicpatient,thiscould includeprotectedhealthinformation.Ifwecombinethisinformationwithyourprotected healthinformation,wewilltreatallofthatinformationasprotectedhealth informationandwillonlyuseordisclosethatinformationassetforthinournoticeof privacypractices.Youmayopt-outofemailcommunicationsatanytimebyclickingon theunsubscribelinkinthee-mail. Thankyouforsubscribing Yourin-depthdigestivehealthguidewillbeinyourinboxshortly.Youwillalsoreceive emailsfromMayoCliniconthelatesthealthnews,research,andcare. Ifyoudon’treceiveouremailwithin5minutes,checkyourSPAMfolder,thencontactus [email protected]. Sorrysomethingwentwrongwithyoursubscription Please,tryagaininacoupleofminutes Retry 申请MayoClinic预约 病因溃疡性结肠炎的确切病因仍然不清楚。

以前怀疑是饮食和压力，但现在医生知道这些因素可能会加重但不会引起溃疡性结肠炎。

可能的原因是免疫系统故障。

当您的免疫系统尝试抵抗入侵的病毒或细菌时，异常的免疫反应会导致免疫系统也攻击消化道中的细胞。

遗传似乎也有一定作用，因为溃疡性结肠炎在拥有患病家庭成员的人群中更为普遍。

但是，大多数溃疡性结肠炎患者没有这种家族史。

风险因素溃疡性结肠炎影响的男女人数大致相同。

风险因素可能包括： 年龄。

溃疡性结肠炎通常在30岁之前开始。

但是，它可以发生在任何年龄，有些人可能直至60岁以后才会出现这种疾病。

种族或族裔。

虽然白人罹患这种疾病的风险最高，但是它会发生在任何人种中。

如果您是阿什肯纳兹犹太人后裔，则风险更高。

家族史。

如果您有近亲（比如父母、兄弟姐妹或孩子）患有这种疾病，则您患病的风险更高。

并发症溃疡性结肠炎可能的并发症包括： 严重出血 结肠孔（结肠穿孔） 重度脱水 骨量丢失（骨质疏松症） 皮肤、关节和眼睛发炎 结肠癌的风险增加 快速肿胀的结肠（中毒性巨结肠） 静脉和动脉血栓风险增加 来自妙佑医疗国际员工 在MayoClinic治疗 申请MayoClinic预约 诊断与治疗 Feb.23,2021 打印 Shareon:FacebookTwitterWeChatWeChatCloseWeibo 显示参考文献 FeldmanM,etal,eds.Epidemiology,pathogenesis,anddiagnosisofinflammatoryboweldiseases.In:SleisengerandFordtran'sGastrointestinalandLiverDisease:Pathophysiology,Diagnosis,Management.11thed.Elsevier;2021.https://www.clinicalkey.com.AccessedJuly22,2020. GoldmanL,etal.,eds.Inflammatoryboweldisease.In:Goldman-CecilMedicine.26thed.Elsevier;2020.https://www.clinicalkey.com.AccessedJuly22,2020. Thefactsaboutinflammatoryboweldiseases.Crohn'sandColitisFoundation.https://site.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/resources/facts-about-inflammatory.html.AccessedJuly22,2020. Ulcerativecolitis.NationalInstituteofDiabetesandDigestiveandKidneyDiseases.https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/ulcerative-colitis.AccessedAug.4,2020. Whatisulcerativecolitis?Crohn'sandColitisFoundation.https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/what-is-ulcerative-colitis.AccessedAug.4,2020. KliegmanRM.Inflammatoryboweldiseases.In:NelsonTextbookofPediatrics.21sted.Elsevier;2020.https://www.clinicalkey.com.AccessedJuly22,2020. AskMayoExpert.Chroniculcerativecolitis.MayoClinic;2019. AbrahamB,etal.Antibioticsandprobioticsininflammatoryboweldisease:Whentousethem?FrontlineGastroenterology.2020;doi:10.1136/flgastro-2018-101057. WhatshouldIeat?Crohn'sandColitisFoundation.https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/diet-and-nutrition/what-should-i-eat.AccessedJuly27,2020. Mind-bodytherapies.Crohn'sandColitisFoundation.https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/complementary-medicine/mind-body-therapies.AccessedJuly27,2020. BrownA.AllscriptsEPSi.MayoClinic.June23,2020. SpecialIBDdiets.Crohn'sandColitisFoundation.https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/diet-and-nutrition/special-ibd-diets.AccessedAug.4,2020. ShergillA,etal.Surveillanceandmanagementofdysplasiainpatientswithinflammatoryboweldisease.https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search.AccessedAug.4,2020. KashyapPC(expertopinion).MayoClinic.Aug.13,2020. KaneSV(expertopinion).MayoClinic.Sept.12,2020. Xeljanz,XeljanzXR(tofacitinib):Drugsafetycommunication—Initialsafetytrialresultsfindincreasedriskofseriousheart-relatedproblemsandcancerwitharthritisandulcerativecolitismedicine.U.S.FoodandDrugAdministration.https://www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safety-information/xeljanz-xeljanz-xr-tofacitinib-drug-safety-communication-initial-safety-trial-results-find-increased?utm_medium=email&utm_source=govdelivery.AccessedFeb.12,2021. 相关 Whatisulcerativecolitis?AMayoClinicexpertexplains 溃疡性结肠炎病发：5个管理技巧 AssociatedProcedures CT扫描 X线 结肠镜检查 软式乙状结肠镜检查 针刺疗法 钡剂灌肠 Showmoreassociatedprocedures 产品与服务 书籍：《妙佑医疗国际消化系统健康》 溃疡性结肠炎症状与病因诊断与治疗医生与科室在MayoClinic治疗 Advertisement 妙佑医疗国际不为任何公司或产品背书。

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