植物與腹：玉米(觀點種子網)

玉米的用途 前：種子研究室網站，台大農藝系 Formerwebsite(1997-2015)oftheSeedLaboratory,NationalTaiwan University              作物學各論               玉米 玉米起源 種植概況 玉米利用 性狀品種 玉米發育 玉米栽培 玉米採收 玉米病害 玉米蟲害 營養藥害 玉米影像 玉米傳說 玉米的用途    玉米的工業用途 玉米加工  玉米成分 榖粒分級     玉米的用途 　 玉米顆粒 胚：cookingoil. 胚乳澱粉：food,ethanolfuelorcorn sweeteners. 殼：highinproteinandisanimportant sourceoflivestockfeed. 玉米加工 玉米粗粉cornmeal：粉碎去除外皮與胚芽而得，作為飼料與酒精原料。

玉米細粉cornflour：粗碎後用稀鹼去除蛋白質與油脂，然後水洗乾燥粉碎而得，用於糕餅料理。

玉米片cornflakes：破碎玉米去除胚，塗上糖衣，煮後乾燥，以壓扁滾輪壓成片狀，然後烘乾而成，作為早餐用。

膨發玉米puffedcorn：用膨發機加熱即速噴出而成，作為零食。

Atypical bushel ofcornweighs56poundsandcontains approximately72,800kernels. Abushel isanunitofweightequalto56pounds.39.4bushelsofcorn equalsapproximately1metricton. Agrainofdentcorncontains:starch 61%,oil3.8%,proteinandfiber19.2%,naturalmoisture16%. 　 Whatcanbe extractedfromabushelofcorn? 32PoundsofStarch     or33PoundsofSweetener     or2.5GallonsofFuelEthanol and11.4PoundsofGluten(Feed*) and3PoundsofGluten(Meal**) and1.6PoundsofCornOil CornRefiner Association,USA 　美國玉米用途(2011) HFCS:Highfructosecornsyrup高果糖玉米糖漿 回頁首 　　 　 　 玉米穀粒主產品的工業用途： 資料來源：NCGA STARCHES    SYRUPS      DEXTROSE STARCHES Cornstarch:IndustrialUses Abrasivepaperand cloth Adhesives(glues,mucilages,gums,etc.) Batteries,drycell Binderorbindingagents Board(corrugating, laminating,solidfiber-board,cardboard) Boilercompounds Bookbinding Briquettes Ceramics(asclaybinder) Chemicals Cleaners,detergents Coatingsonwood,metalandpaper Colorcarrier(inpaperandtextileprinting) Cordpolishing,sizing Corkproducts Crayonandchalk(asabinder) Dispersingandstandardizingagent Dressing,surgical Dyes(asabodyingagent,carrierdiluent,etc.) Fermentationprocesses Fiberglasssize Fireworks Insecticidepowders Insulatingmaterial(glasswool,rockwool,etc.) Lubricatingagents Oilcloth Oil-welldrilling(drillingmud) Orerefining(electrolyticreductionprocess,flotationprocess, etc.) Paints(cleaningcompounds,cold-waterandlatexpaints,poster lacquers,etc.) Paperandpaperproductsmanufacture Plastics(molded) Plywood(interior) Printing Protectivecolloids(emulsions) Textiles(warpsizingandfinishing) Tile,ceiling Tires,rubber Wallboardandwallpaper Waterrecovery,industrial CornstarchFood,DrugorCosmeticUses Antibiotics Aspirin Babyfoods Bakeryproducts (bread,rollscakes, pies,crackersand cookies) Bakingpowder Beverages,brewed (beer,ale,etc.) Chewinggum Chocolatedrink Confectionery Cosmetics Desserts(puddings, custards,etc.) Drugsand pharmaceuticals Flours,prepared (includingprepared mixes) Foodanddrugcoatings Graviesandsauces Meatproducts Mixes,prepared (pancake,waffle,cake,candy,etc.) Mustard,prepared Piefilling Precookedfrozenmeals Saladdressing Soapsandcleaners Soups Sugar,powdered Vegetables,canned 　 Dextrins:IndustrialUses Adhesives (glues,pastes,mucilages,gums) Bookbinding Briquettes Candles Ceramics Cordpolishing Corebinder(castings,molds,etc.) Corkproducts Crayonandchalk(asabinder) Dyes(dry,cake,etc.) Envelopes Fireworks Inks,printing Insecticides Insulation,fiberglass Labels Leather Linoleum Magazines Matches(onheadandsideofbox) Oil-welldrilling Oreseparation Paints(cold-water,poster,etc.) Paperandpaperproducts Plastics(molding) Plywood Sandpaper Shoes(counterpastes,polish,etc.) Silveringcompounds Soaps Straws(drinking) Textiles,sizing,finishingandprinting Twine(cord,string,etc.) Wallboardandwallpaper Windowshadesandshadecloth 　 SYRUPS CornSyrup IndustrialUses Adhesives (plasticizing agent) Chemicals Dyesandinks Explosives Leathertanning(chrome process) Metalplating Paper,glassineand parchment Plasticizer Polish,shoe Rayon(viscoseprocess) Textiles,forfinishing Theatricalmakeup Tobaccoandtobacco products 　 　 CornSyrup:Food,DrugUses; liquidordriedform Babyfoods Bakeryproducts(bread,rolls,biscuits,doughnuts,pies,cakes, cookies,pretzels,etc.) Beverages,brewed(beer,ale,etc.) Beverages,carbonated Breakfastfoods Catsup,chilisauce,tomatosauce Cereals,prepared Cheesespreadsandfoods Chewinggum Chocolateproducts Coffeewhiteners Condensedmilk,sweetened Confectionery Cordialsandliqueurs Desserts Eggs,frozenordried Extractsandflavors Frostingsandicings Fruitbuttersandjuices Fruitdrinks Fruits(canned,candied,fillings,frozen,etc.) Icecream,watericesandsherbets Jams,jellies,marmaladesandpreserves Licorice Maltedproducts Marshmallowsandrelatedproducts Meatproducts(sausage,etc.) Medicinalpreparations(drugs,pharmaceuticals) Mixes,prepared(cakes,infantfoods,piefillings,pudding, powders,icecream,etc.) Peanutbutter Picklesandpickleproducts Saladdressing Sauces(seasoning,specialty,etc.) Seafood,frozen Soups,dehydrated Syrups(table,chocolate,cocoa,fruit,medicinal, sodafountain,cordials,etc.) Toppings Vinegar HighFructose CornSyrup FoodUses Bakeryproducts Cannedfruits Cannedjuices Condiments Confectioneryproducts Frozendesserts Jams,jelliesandpreserves Softdrinks Wine Yeast Maltodextrins FoodUses Bakerymixes Beveragepowders Condiments Dehydratedfoods Drysoupmixes Gumconfections Icingsandglazes Instanttea Instantbreakfastfoods Lowcaloriesweeteners Marshmallows Nougats Pancoatings Sauceandgravymixes Snackfoods 　 DEXTROSE IndustrialUses Acids,commercial (lactic,acetic,gluconic, etc.) Adhesives Aminoacids Chemicals(calcium, lactate,sodiumlactate, etc.) Citric Dyes Electroplatingand galvanizing Enzymes Lacticacidpolymers Leathertanning Lysine Mannitol Papermanufacturing Rubber(coldprocess) Sizingmaterials Sorbitol Textiles,dyeingand finishing Threonime Tryptophan 　 Food,DrugUses Antibiotics Babyfoods Bakeryproducts (biscuits,bread,crackers,fillings,icings,macaroons, pretzels,cookies,crackers,wafers,etc.) Berries,cannedandfrozen Beverages,brewed(beer,ale,etc.) Beverages,carbonated Breakfastfoods Caramelcolor Cheesefoodsandspreads Chewinggum Chocolateproducts Citricacid Citrusjuices Coloring,purefoodmix Condensedmilk Confectionery Cordials,liqueursandbrandy Cream,frozen Dairyproducts Desserts Dieteticpreparations Distillationproducts Doughnuts(cake,yeast) Drugs(fermentationprocess) Eggs,frozenordried Fish,pickled Flavoringextracts Foodacids(citric,etc.) Fruitjuices Fruitsandvegetables(canned) Fruits(candied,glace,frozen) Gelatindesserts Icecream,watericesandsherbets Infantandinvalid feeding Jams,jellies, marmaladesandpreserves Lacticacid Meatproducts(bacon,bologna,hams,sausage,frankfurters, mincemeat) Medicinalpreparationsandintravenous (injections,pills,tablets,drugs,etc.) Mixes,prepared(cake,icingsandfrosting,infantfoods,pie fillings,toppings,etc.) Peanutbutter Peas,canned Pectin,fruit Picklesandpickleproducts Preparedmixes Powders(icecream, prepareddessert,pudding,summerdrink,powders,etc.) Sauces(catsup,tomato,etc.) Seasoningmixes,dry Sorbitol(incandies,toothpaste,etc.) Soups,dehydrated Spicesandmustardpreparations Syrups(table,fountain,medicinal,etc.) Vinegar Wine Xanthangums Yeast Hydrol Corn-sugar molasses Leathertanning Livestockfeed Organicacids Organicsolvents Tobacco Ethanol Alcoholicbeverages Industrialalcohol Octaneenhancer Oxygenateinmotor fuels Personalcare products Mouthwash Toothpaste 　 　 玉米穀粒副產品的工業用途： 資料來源：NCGA 　 SOLUBLES GLUTENANDHULLS GERM Steepwater 　Antibiotics Chemicals Pharmaceuticals Yeast Steepwaterfor Feed GlutenFeedand Meal OilMeal ProductsUsed byLivestock, Poultryand Dairy Corngermmeal Cornglutenfeed Cornglutenmeal Cornoilby-products Cornsugar(crudeandrefined) Hydrol(corn-sugarmolasses) Steepwaterforfeed(condensed fermentedcornextractives) CornGermMeal, CornGlutenFeed, CornGlutenMeal OtherUses Aminoacids Furcleaner Zeinandother proteinproducts CornOil,Refined Food,DrugUses Carriersforvitamins andothermedicinal preparationsincapsule form Cookingoil Margarine Mayonnaise Potatochips Saladdressing Sauces,seasoning Shortening Soups CornOiland FreeFattyAcids IndustrialUses Chemicalsand insecticides Lecithin(forpharmaceuticals, cosmetics,linoleum,printinginks,etc.) Paintandvarnish Rubbersubstitutes Rustpreventative(surfacecoatings) Soap Solubleoil(leatherandtanninguse) Textiles 回頁首 　 　 　 玉米加工 　Wet Milling（濕式磨粉） Mostpopularmethodofprocessingcorn.Mixofwaterandgrindingof dentor"field"cornseparatescornintochemicalconstituentssuchas starch,protein,fiberandoil. DryMilling（乾式磨粉） Processingmethodwhichseparateselementscontainedinthecornkernel bymechanicalforce. 乾式磨粉產物的用途： 美國1977年數據： 用途 數量(百萬磅) % 釀酒： 1850 29.8 食品： 1610 26.0 非食品：  530  8.7 飼料： 2200 35.5 合計 6190 　 回頁首 　 　 玉米成分 　 玉米種子 熱量 cal/100g %,wetbase 含水量 蛋白質 脂質 灰份 纖維 澱粉 台南5號 327 14.9 4.8 3.9 1.3 3.8 71.3 美國種原* . . 9.9-14.1 3.4-5.9 . . 65-72 *CORRECTEDTOASTANDARDMOISTURELEVEL(DRYWEIGHTBASIS). FromGRIN,USDA, 　 澱粉 玉米澱粉粒的特性 大小(mm) 形狀 備註 2-30,平均10 角形、多角形或球形 不具同心圓線，粒臍星形 　 蛋白質 玉米各類蛋白質佔總蛋白質的百分比 (個例) albumin globulin glutelin prolamin 4 2 39 55 　 油脂 玉米種子油的脂肪酸組成 (個例) 脂肪酸百分比 14:0 myristicacid 16:0 palmiticacid 棕櫚酸 16:1 18:0 stearicacid 18:1 oleicacid 油酸(9) 18:2 linolicacid 亞油酸(9,12) 1.4% 10.2% 1.5% 3% 49.6% 34.3% 回頁首 　 　 美國玉米榖粒分類 黃玉米   其他顏色玉米不得超過5% 白玉米   其他顏色玉米不得超過2% 混合玉米 美國玉米榖粒分級 等級 最輕容積重量 (pounds/bushel) 最大允許量 受損榖粒* 斷裂玉米與其他物質**(%) 熱損榖粒(%) 總數(%) No.1 56.0 0.1 3.0 2.0 No.2 54.0 0.2 5.0 3.0 No.3 52.0 0.5 7.0 4.0 No.4 49.0 1.0 10.0 5.0 No.5 46.0 3.0 15.0 7.0 *受損榖粒除了熱損 (Heatdamage)外，還包括Blue-eyemolddamage,Cobrotdamage,Germ damage,Dryerdamage,Sprout,Insectdamage等 ** 斷裂玉米(Brokencorn, BC)指經法定方法篩選，可通過0.48公分圓孔篩，而仍留在0.24公分圓孔篩上之玉米。

其他物質指的是可通過0.24公分圓孔篩上，以及留在0.48公分圓孔篩上的非玉米粒物質，包括夾雜物和其他穀物。

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